3. 3
1. Money Myth 2. Alternatives
3. Questions and
visions for the
future
There are better alternatives.
4. 4
There are better alternatives.
“Any sizable group anywhere, any day,
could start a nonpolitical monetary unit
and system. There is no law against it,
and no legislation need to be invoked.”
E.C. Riegel
5. 5
There are better alternatives.
Money / Currency
Or
Credit systems
Gift economy
Shared economy
Community/familiar
economy
6. 6
There are better alternatives.
“No example of a barter economy, pure and simple, has ever been
described, let alone the emergence from it of money; all available
ethnography suggests that there never has been such a thing.”
Caroline Humphrey
“The standart economic-history version has little to do with anything
we observe when we examine how economic life is actually
conducted, in real communities and marketplaces, almost anywhere
– where one is much more likely to discover everyone is in debt to
everyone else in a dozen different ways, and that most transaction
take place without the use of currency.”
David Graeber, Debt: the first 5000 years
10. 10
There are better alternatives.
It’s not about re-
inventing the wheel but
more about re-
designinig the wheel to
better serve us..
11. 11
There are better alternatives.
Property
(Re)Distribution,
allocation and
Exchange systems
Value and
Indicators
Genuine Progress Indicator (EUA, Internalização)
Genuine Wealth Assessment (Dr. Mark Anielski)
Green Gross Domestic Product (Rio1992)
Living Planet Index (WWF)
Happy Planet Index (nef)
Human Development Index (Amartya Sem ’90)
Global Peace Index
Gross Domestic Happines Index (Bhutan)
Local currencies
Global virtual currencies
Mutual exchanges systems
Credit Services
Barter Markerts
Sharing Economy
Gift Economy circles
Sharing economy
Commons
Gift Economy
Earth rights / Condominum
Appropriate scale and function economics
13. 13
There are better alternatives.
Seyfang, Gill et Longhurst, Noel (2013), Growing green money? Mapping community currencies for sustainable
development, Ecological Economics, Vol. 86, pp: 65-77
14. 14
There are better alternatives.
Rosl, Gerard (2006), Regional currencies in Germany –local
competition for the Euro?, Economic Discussion paper No 43/2006,
Deutche Bundesbank
16. 16
There are better alternatives.
Scale
Parity
Function
Interest/tax
Physicality
17. 17
There are better alternatives.
Alternativestolegaltender
• Local currencies
• Virtual currencies
• Social
complementary
currencies
• Slow Money
AlternativestoMoney
• Time
• Energy
• Barter
• No Money and no
alternative currency
AlternativestoBanks
• Full reserve banks
• Ethical banks
• Social and co-
operative banks
• Transactional
banques separate
from Investment
banques
• Sovereign money
• Communnity
bonds
• Social Impact
Bonds
• Crowdfunding
• Time Sharing
20. 20
There are better alternatives.
Navqi, Mona et Southgate, James (2013), Banknotes, local
currencies and central bank objectives, Quaterly Bulletin
of the Bank of England, London, UK
“However, given that the overall volume of
regional currencies in circulation in Germany
amounts only to roughly € 200,000, the current
economic welfare losses resulting from the
issuance of Schwundgeld are negligibly small”
Rosl, Gerard (2006), Regional currencies in Germany –
local competition for the Euro?, Economic Discussion
paper No 43/2006, Deutche Bundesbank
21. 21
There are better alternatives.
Why?
Instability & crises (1970-2007):
124 Crises Bancárias Sistémicas
208 Crises de Moeda
63 Crise da Dívida Soberana
Laeven, Luc et Valencia, Fabian (2008): “Systemic banking
Crises: A New Database”, Working Paper IMF WP 08/224
Inequality in the U.S.
22. 22
There are better alternatives.
Geels, W. Frank and Schot,
Johan (2007), Typologies of
sociotechnical transition
pathways, Research Policy, Vol.
26, pp: 399-417
23. 23
There are better alternatives.
Patterns in Transition processes:
Top-down Transition Paths (Reconstellations)
- Radical Reform
- Revolution
- Collapse (failed transition)
Bottom-up Transition Paths (Empowerment dominated)
- Reconfiguration (with regime adaptation)
- Substitution (without regime adaptation)
- Backlash (failed transition)
Squeezed Transition Paths
- Teleological
- Emergent
- Lock-in (failed transition)
Transformation paths
- Transformation
- System breakdown
Haan, J. and Jans Rotsmans (2011), Patterns in transitions:
Understanding complex chains of change, Technological
Forecasting & Social change, Vol. 78, pp: 90-102
Positive Money
proposal
Alternative
currencies
Banks, ACAF’s
24. 24
There are better alternatives.
Is it a matter of scale and critical mass?
Is it a matter of path-dependency and institutional lock-in?
Is it a matter of economic and financial literacy?
Is it a matter of top-down repression and marginalization?
25. 25
There are better alternatives.
While it is unlikely at the moment that alternative currency forms a
serious threat to the paramountcy of official currency, it is equally
unlikely, even in the very long term, that the future belongs to one
single integrated currency. Monetary dissent on the grounds of a
shortage of means of exchange has been a constant of monetary
history and is likely to remain so as long as certain sections of the
economy feel that their access to money is restricted. Necessity
combined with human ingenuity will always find ways of bypassing
such restrictions.
Rachael Tibbett (1997) Alternative currencies: A challenge to globalisation?, New Political Economy, 2:1,
127-135, DOI: 10.1080/13563469708406290
26. 26
There are better alternatives.
Muito obrigado
Thank you
Filipe Moreira Alves
fmalves@fc.ul.pt
Hinweis der Redaktion
3 tópicos fundamentais da minha apresentação: 1. existem e persistem ainda hoje um conjunto de mitos e narrativas económicas entre economistas, gestores, politicos e afins que remontam à mais de 200 anos e que ainda hoje dão forma à nossa sociedade e aos nossos sistemas de crenças sócio-económicos. Um dos maiores entre neoclássicos, conservadores e afins é o que eu e alguns autores apelidamos do Syndrome de TINBA usado para justificar o PIB, analyses custo-benefício e afins; 2. Existem, sempre existiram e até precede à própria existência do dinheiro múltiplas alternativas a todas as escalas, em todos os continentes e ao longo dos tempos, hoje vamos ver e sistematizar algumas delas. 3. Não há receitas milagrosas nem tão pouco curas únicas, existem princípios de design..
Quote do dia, pesquisar E.C. Riegel
Fantasia do Adam Smith sem base empírica e/ou antropologica; Economias de proximidade, economias familiares onde a troca era realizada acima de tudo com inimigos e/ou em eventos muito elaborados e tensos..
Introduzir a lógica de que é a moeda que cria o Mercado e não ao contrário…
Sistemas de IOU, mesmo a própria moeda é um IOU pois não tem valor intrínseco..passagem para o mito 2
Não é possível discutir verdadeiramente alternativas consistentes e coerentes sem antes compreender a relação interdependente entre sistemas de propriedade, sistemas de distribuição, alocação e troca e sistemas de valor..
Não é possível discutir verdadeiramente alternativas consistentes e coerentes sem antes compreender a relação interdependente entre sistemas de propriedade, sistemas de distribuição, alocação e troca e sistemas de valor..
Apresentar as soluções e questionar se alguém faz parte ou já esteve envolvido em..
Mais importante do que ter muitas moedas etc é ter moedas bem desenhadas na sua função e elementos distintos e que cumpram as funções para a qual são desenhadas..meter imagens
Perspectiva histórica..soddy, vessel, etc
Caracterização das moedas locais
Porquê? Apesar de toda a instabilidade inerente ao actual Sistema, à sua ineficácia em corrigir desigualdades sócio-económicas, em corrigir falhas de Mercado etc, apesar de existirem alternativas porque razão nos encontramos e percorremos este caminho de centralização e monopolização bancária e monetária? Porque razão os estados abdicaram da sua soberania ao nível de política monetária e a entregaram de bandeja a interesses privados? Porque razão se perpetuam sistemas de dívida fiduciária privada? Etc etc…
Why? Mesmo com as crises bancárias e monetárias a crescent desigualdade, as soluções que existem??
Why? Mesmo com as crises bancárias e monetárias a crescent desigualdade, as soluções que existem??