1. Hi, I’m
Shakib Bin Mahmud
Hello, I’m
Fiaz Islam Bhuiyan
Hey, I’m
Abrar Ahmed
INTRODUCTION

2. WEATHER AND CLIMATE

3. CONTENTS
 What Is Weather?
 Understanding and Predicting weather
 Factors Affecting Weather
 Forecasting Weather
 Seasons
 What is Climate?

4. CONTENTS
 Weather and Climate: The Big Difference
• Factors affecting Climates
• Climate change and Others
 The Dark Side of Climate and Weather
 Miscellaneous Statistics
 Solution to the Abstract Chaos
Humanitarian Response

5. Weather
Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a particular place during a
short period of time. It involves such atmospheric phenomena as
temperature, humidity, precipitation (type and amount), air
pressure, wind, and cloud cover.
Weather occurs in the troposphere, that extends from the Earth’s surface
to 6–8 km at the poles and to about 17 km at the Equator.
Weather is largely confined to the troposphere , where almost all clouds
occur and almost all precipitation develops.

6. Factors Affecting Weather
 Temperature
 Humidity
 Precipitation
 Air pressure
 Wind
 Cloud Layer

7. Forecasting Weather
Will you need your snow boots tomorrow? Should you bring an
umbrella? Accurate weather predictions are important for
planning our day-to-day activities. Farmers need information
to help them plan for the planting and harvesting of their
crops. Airlines need to know about local weather conditions in
order to schedule flights. Weather forecasting helps us to
make more informed daily decisions, and may even help keep
us out of danger.
Modern weather forecasting involves a combination of computer
models, observation, and a knowledge of trends and patterns.
Using these methods, reasonably accurate forecasts can be
made up to about five days in advance. Beyond that, detailed
forecasts are less useful, since atmospheric conditions such
as temperature and wind direction are very complex.

8. Seasons
What actually causes the seasons?
The cycle of seasons is caused by the Earth's tilt toward the
sun. The planet rotates around an (invisible) axis. At different
times during the year, the northern or southern axis is closer
to the sun. During these times, the hemisphere tipped
toward the star experiences summer, while the hemisphere
tilted away from the sun experiences winter.
At other locations in Earth's annual journey, the axis is not
tilted toward the sun but instead along the planet's path,
parallel to the star. During these times of the year, the
hemispheres experience spring and autumn.

9. Climate
Climate means the average weather conditions in a
particular location based on the average weather
experienced there over 30 years or more.
Various Conditions Affecting Climate :
 Landscape
 Relief
 Activities taking place (both human and natural)
 Proximity to the equator or the poles
 Atmospheric pressure belts
Climate VS Weather
Climate refers to what is expected to happen in the
atmosphere rather than the actual conditions. It is possible
for the weather to be different from that suggested by the
climate.

10. Climate Change & Nature
Within a climatic region, the climate may vary from place to
place - e.g. the top of a hill, the sunny and shaded side of
a hill and the bottom of a hill. These areas with their small
variations are called Microclimates.
A place's climate influences the types of vegetation and
animals that live there, so is fundamental to life on Earth. It
is possible to divide the world into a number of climatic
zones or biomes .
Besides common conditions, extraterrestrial factors such as
the Solar Radiation plays major rule in the relatively rapid
climate change. This is when the ‘Green House Effect’
comes into the big picture.

11. Climate Change & Atmosphere
So, is climate change
influenced more by human
activities and excess
greenhouse gases or changes
in the sun's energy?
Answer : The sun has natural
periods of warming and cooling.
With satellites, scientists have
measured fluctuations in the sun's
energy and found that these recent
variations have been small in
comparison to human influences in
the last several centuries, with no
increase in solar energy in the past
50 years.

12. The Dark Side
A natural disaster is a sudden event that causes
widespread destruction, lots of collateral damage or loss
of life. This is the result of sudden and extreme changes
in the weather. E.g. Floods, Tornadoes, Hurricanes etc.
This usually has an acute damage to human, with short time
effects.
Climate change, however, is caused over hundreds and
thousands of years, and can actually effect the way the
whole future mankind survives. This has more of a
chronic effect on humans.
NEVERTHELESS, both the changes are to be dealt with
EQUAL importance.

13. Struck With Misery!
Flood in Uttarkhand, India SIDR- Bangladesh 2007

14. Natural Disasters are more frequent than 30 years ago
and more costly too!

15. Cost of Natural Disasters in Asia

16. The Green House Effect
(Responsible for Global Warming)
It is the warming of Earth’s Surface and lower
atmosphere caused by mainly water vapor and
carbon dioxide followed by other trace gases.
Visible light from the Sun heats the Earth’s
surface. Part of this energy is radiated back into
the atmosphere in form of infrared radiation,
much of which is absorbed by molecules of
carbon dioxide and water vapor, and re-radiated
toward the surface as more heat.

18. Global Warming (1951-2007)

19. The Solution

20. The Solution
Therefore, apart from these reasons, we mean to
approach this more strategically.
This approach focuses on Human activities and describes
the importance of ‘Green Building’ for the conservation
of energy and resources.

21. Green Building
 Buildings are responsible for over 10% of the world’s
freshwater withdrawals, 25% of its wood harvest, and
40% of material and energy flows, globally. That’s
HUGE.
Green building is the effort to change the way the built
environment is designed, constructed, and operated.
This holistic approach considers the entire supply chain
from siting to design, construction, operation,
maintenance, renovation, and deconstruction.
Green building is concerned with air quality, energy and
water use, human health, waste reduction, pollution, and
environmental degradation

22. Strategy – Envelope Category
• The no-regrets envelope
strategies focus on
improving the thermal
properties of the building
shell to respond to
temperature-driven
impacts.
• The resilient strategies in
this category help the shell
respond to other climate
impacts such as termite
damage (pests) or wind-driven
rain (storms).

23. Strategy-Siting and Landscape Category
• The no-regrets siting and
landscape strategies focus
on improving the
performance of a site or
landscape to respond to
temperature and
water/precipitation impacts.
• The resilient strategies in
this category help a project
or landscape respond to
other climate impacts such
as wildfire or storm surge
(coastal).

24. Strategy - Heating, Cooling, Lighting
Category
 The no-regrets heating,
cooling, and lighting
strategies focus on
improving the
performance of building
mechanical and electrical
systems to respond to
temperature impacts.
 The only resilient strategy
in this category adds
resilience to egress
lighting systems.

25. Strategy –Water and Waste
Category
• The no-regrets water and
waste strategies focus on
improving the efficiency of
building plumbing systems to
respond to decreases in water
supply or interruption of
electrical power to a building.
• The resilient strategies in this
category aim to treat water on
site to replace potable water
use, prevent sewage backup
into a building, or catch water
for use on site.

26. Humanitarian Response
“Early Warning, Early Action”

27. Early Warning, Early Action means:
Routinely taking
humanitarian action
before a disaster or
health emergency
happens, making full
use of scientific
information on all
timescales.
Using climate and weather
information to take action
before a disaster strikes, in
order to reduce negative
impacts.

28. The Elements of
Early Warning, Early Action
• Knowledge : Collecting
data to understand risks
• Monitoring : Collaboration
with hazard monitoring
services
• Communication : Sharing
information about hazards
• Action : Building response
capability preparing for
pending hazards.

29. Risk Knowledge
• Are hazards and
vulnerabilities well
known?
• What are their
patterns and trends?
• Are risks maps and
data available?

30. Monitoring (The trickier part!)
• Hazard monitoring can include, for
example, river gauges for floods
and scientific forecasts for extreme
rain or drought
• Forecasts issued for days, weeks
and months in advance
• Collaboration with national
meteorological service is a good
add on to access information
Fig : Stevenson Screen
It forms the part of the weather
station containing various
individual devices for
forecasting weather.

31. Communication
• Warnings should reach ALL those at risk
• Risks and warnings should be well understood
• Warning Information MUST be clear, concise and
usable
• Establish and document triggers well before a
hazard arrives
• Ensure internal support and external partnerships
are in place – especially with the government.

32. Role of BD Army in Disaster
Management

33. Example of Early Warning Early
Action
• Early Warning: In 2007, the
Bangladesh Red Crescent
received early warning
indicators of Cyclone Sidr
approaching their coast.
• Early Action: Working with the
government 5,000 volunteers
with megaphones alerted and
evacuated at risk residents.
As result 4,500 people died
compared to 138,000 in 1991.

34. THE END