Top notch 3 5 7

1. CASUALTY
2. HORRENDOUS
3. INJURY
4. DAMAGE
5. DEATHTOLL
a. Physical harm to
something
b. The total number of
people who die in an
accident, disaster, war,
etc.
c. Physical harm to a person
d. The number of people who
are injured or killed in an
event
e. Extremely unpleasant or
terrible

 We can use the imperative to give a direct
order.
1.Take that chewing gum out of your mouth.
2. Stand up straight.
3. Give me the details.

 We can use the imperative to give
instructions.
1. Open your book.
2.Take two tablets every evening.
3.Take a left and then a right.

 We can use the imperative to give advice.
1. Speak to him.Tell him how you feel.
2.Talk to her about it.
3. Don't go. Stay at home and rest up. Get some
sleep and recover.

Peter said, “Be careful if you go out during the
storm.”
Peter said to be careful if you go out during the storm.
 The “quotation marks” disappear.
 Add Infinitive form before the verb (to)

She said, “Don’t go out without a full tank of
gas.”
She said not to go out without a full tank of gas.
 Add NOT before the infinitive if the
imperative is in negative form.

Martin told me, “Tell me as soon as you know.”
Martin told me to tell him as soon as I know.
 Change the pronouns as necessary for
logic.

1. My mom told me, "Put on your shoes.“
2. Mary told Bill, "Don't be mad at me.“
3. The reporter said, “Stay indoors and don’t come
out during the storm.”
4. Pam told her sister, "Stop acting like a child.“
5. Jack told me, "Set your alarm before you go to
bed."
6. His brother said, "Leave me alone!"
7. She said, "Don't do that again!"
8. The lady said, "Please turn the music down.“
9. Victoria told me, "Check your e-mail tomorrow.“
10. The officer said, "Do not park here.“

 A long period with no rain
 Strong winds moving quickly in a circle
 Earth and rocks falling down a mountain
 Strong winds and heavy rain
 A lot of water covering an area

Hurricanes, typhoons
and cyclones are all the
same severe weather
event, but what they
are called depends on
where they are formed.
Hurricanes are formed
in the Atlantic and
East Pacific Oceans,
typhoons are formed in theWest Pacific Ocean,
and cyclones are formed in the Indian Ocean
and the South Pacific.

TELL = when you
mention the listener
SAY = when you don’t
mention the listener
Maggie said to stay home.
Maggie told her parents to stay home.

1. Pete ______ to get the best tickets for the game.
2. She _______ me that she was going running this
evening.
3. John ______ us that he couldn’t come to the party.
4. She ______ to use her computer.
5. He _____ us to listen to the news.
6. David ______ to not let the kids go out in the rain.
7. They _____ that they didn’t want to meet us on
Tuesday.
8. I _____ him I wasn’t impressed.
9. Lucy ______ Julie that she was leaving onWednesday.
10. We _____ that we were going on holiday the following
week.

Past tense:
Say =
Tell=
The verbs in the indirect speech
change.
We can add THAT after reporting
verbs said or told.
TENSES CHANGE DIRECT INDIRECT
PRESENT PAST He said, “I work.” He said (that) he
worked.
PAST PAST PERFECT He said, “I worked.” He said (that) he had
worked.
PRESENTCONT. PAST CONT. He said, “I’m
working.”
He said (that) he was
working.
PRESENT PERF. PAST PERFECT He said, “I have
worked.”
He said (that) he had
worked.
WILL WOULD
CAN COULD

The number of injured people or those killed in
a disaster

Very large or great in size, amount, or intensity

 The deadliest earthquakes in history
 The factors that determine the consequences
of an earthquake

An earthquake will
cause more
damage if …..
An earthquake will
cause less damage
if …..
Magnitude It measures over 6 on
the Richter scale
It measures below 6 on
the Richter scale
Location
Quality of
construction
Timing

CATASTROPHIC
DANGEROUS
HAILSTORM
MOVIEGOERS
STORM CHASERS
FASCINATED
HOBBY
SEVERE
EMERGENCY
SUPPLIES

In BrE, a flashlight is called a
torch. In AmE, a torch is a
stick with a fire at the end
that also produces light.

1. A portable light
2. A small box with supplies to treat injuries
3. A safe building
4. A time with no electricity
5. A dangerous situation
6. Foods that need no refrigeration
7. To leave a dangerous place

Severe
weather
event
When?
Any
danger?What?

1. Choose a type of emergency
2. Brainstorm appropriate plans for the
emergency
3. Provide visual output.
4. Present your final output in class.

Career inventories can help people get
a better understanding of what their job
or career options are.These inventories
and assessments are designed to
measure someone’s interests or skills,
indicate personality preferences and
identify work-related and life values.
Career guidance companies and some schools use
these tools with the goal of helping people make
successful career choices.

BUSINESS
ARTS
SOCIAL
WORK
CRAFTS
SCIENCE

 A job is something a person does to earn
money.
 A career is a chosen profession that involves
long-range planning and makes use of special
skills,training and education.

 Make up one’s mind
 Keep something in mind
 Be on one’s mind
 Change one’s mind
 Pick someone’s brain
 Settle on

 Intention: An intention is a plan for the future
that you have already thought about.
 Express and ask about past intentions that
changed with:
1.Was / were going to
2.Would

“ I’m going to call you at 8 pm.”
“ I was going to call you, but I forgot!”
Future plan
a past plan that didn’t happen

FORM:
 I was going to get married (but I didn’t).
 I wasn’t going to stay but my friends talked
me into it.
 Were they going to study law?
 When were you going to study?

MORE EXAMPLES:
 She said they were going to win, but they
didn’t.
 I thought you were going to help me study.

1. My mom planned to call my sister last night,
but she forgot.
a. She were going to call last night, but she forgot.
b. She was going to call last night, but she forgot.
c. She going to call last night, but she forgot.
d. She was calling last night, but she forgot.

2. Mary ___________ tell me a secret, but she
didn't.
a. was going to
b. were going to
c. going to
d. was go to

3. The game __________ be played at 1pm, but it
rained, so they postponed the starting time.
a. was going to
b. were going to
c. was go to
d. wasn't going to

4. Originally,Tricia and Mark ___________ come,
but they changed their minds and came!
a. was going to
b. were going to
c. wasn't going to
d. weren't going to

5. I was standing in line and I _____________ buy
the Inception DVD, but I decided to put it down
because I needed to save money.
a. was going to
b. were going to
c. wasn't going to
d. weren't going to

6.We ___________ play chess, but there was
really nothing better to do, so we decided to play.
a. was going to
b. were going to
c. wasn't going to
d. weren't going to

7. Phillip and I ___________ see the movie, but
we were pulled over by the police for speeding
and had to miss it.
a. was going to
b. were going to
c. wasn't going to
d. weren't going to

8. I thought Messi _______________ score, but he
just missed the net!
a. was going to
b. were going to
c. wasn't going to
d. weren't going to

9. ______ you _________ tell us?
a.Was ….. going to
b.Were ….. going to
c.Weren’t …. going to
d.Wasn’t …. going to

10. I thought that you _____________ be there.
What happened?Why didn't you come?
a. was going to
b. were going to
c. wasn't going to
d. weren't going to

 The past of will = would
 NOTE: Use would only in a noun clause
following verbs like:
Believed Said
Thought Told
Knew
Verbs of belief Reporting verbs

 I thought I would become a doctor. (but I
didn’t)
 They said they would come to class, but
something came up.
I would be a surgeon.

 You can also use WAS / WERE GOINGTO in a noun clause
with thought, believed or said.
They said they were going to arrive
before noon.
They said they would arrive
before noon.
They would arrive before noon.

You should see a doctor.
You should have seen a doctor.
Present modal
Past modal

FORM:
MODAL HAVE PAST PARTICIPLE
Past modals

1. Should have + past participle can mean
something that would have been a good idea,
but that you didn't do it.
It's like giving advice about the past when you
say it to someone else, or regretting what
you did or didn't do when you're talking
about yourself.
MODAL HAVE PAST PARTICIPLE

Shouldn't have + past participle means that
something wasn't a good idea, but you did it
anyway.
 I should have studied harder! (= I didn't study
very hard and so I failed the exam. I'm sorry
about this now.)
 I shouldn't have eaten so much cake! (= I did
eat a lot of cake and now I don't feel good.)
HAVE PAST PARTICIPLE

The girl shouldn't have spun around
so many times. She fell down.
Did the girl spin a lot?What was the result?

I should have brought my raincoat.
Now I’m all wet.
Did I bring my raincoat?What was the result?

2. May have / may not have + Past Participle
Might have / might not have + Past Participle
To show that we are not 100% sure about what
happened.We are guessing what we think
happened.
He may / might have failed the exam. I’m not
sure.

My grandfather may have used this camera
when he was a young man, but I'm not sure.
Did my grandfather use the camera?

3. Could have + Past Participle
means that something was possible in the past,
or you had the ability to do something in the
past, but that you didn't do it.
I could have stayed up late, but I decided to go
to bed early.

Could have + Past Participle
 when we want to make a guess about
something that happened in the past (possibility)
 we don't know if what we're saying is true or not
true
Why is John late?
He could have gotten stuck in traffic.
He could have forgotten that we were meeting
today.
He could have overslept.

Couldn’t have + Past Participle
 means that something wasn't possible in the past,
even if you had wanted to do it.
I couldn't have arrived any earlier.There was a
terrible traffic jam (= it was impossible for me to
have arrived any earlier).
He couldn't have passed the math exam, even if he
had
studied harder. It's a really, really difficult exam.

The boy could have done the dishes himself, but
his father decided to help.
Did the boy have the ability to do the dishes alone?

He could have studied harder, but he was too
lazy and that's why he failed the exam.
Could he have passed the exam? In what case?

4. Would / wouldn’t have + Past Participle
 certainty
I should have taken the entrance exam.
I would have passed.
Did I take the entrance exam?
Am I sure that I would have gotten a passing
grade?

I wouldn’t have enjoyed the vacation. I made the
right decision to stay.
Did I go to vacation?
Would I have had fun if I had gone?

5. Must have + past participle
 is used to make a logical conclusion about
something in the past
Lucy was late for class today.
Reasons:
She must have overslept.
She must have missed the bus.
Reason, or what we
think happened

They must have practiced a lot because they're
very good musicians.
Why do you think they are good musicians?

Your house looks great.You _______ spent a
lot of time painting it.
a. Should have
b. Must have

Michael went running in the rain.
He ______ gotten sick, but thank God he
didn’t.
a. Could have
b. Should have

It was so dark that I fell down the stairs.
I _______ fixed the light.
a. Might have
b. Should have

He _________ stolen the car. He was with me
all the time.
a. Couldn’t have
b. Shouldn’t have

You shouldn’t have bought me roses. I
________ preferred those tulips in your
garden.
a. May have
b. Would have

The chocolate cake is all gone!
Someone _________ eaten it.
a. May have
b. Must have

Patty _______ gone by bus, but I’m not so
sure about it.
a. Might have
b. Must have

My bicycle is broken. I _______ ridden it down
the stairs.
a. Should have
b. Shouldn’t have

 What are some of your regrets?
 How would have things been different if it
(didn’t) happen?
Write a short paragraph about some regrets
(it can either be something serious or funny
experiences)

1. He has done this kind of job before, so he
has _________.
2. She types fast and knows at least five
computer programs. She has the ________
we need for this position.
3. She has many ____________. She sings and
plays the violin.
experience
skills
talents

4. I’ve met the job _____________ and think
I’d be a good candidate.
5.They studied twentieth-century politics. I’m
sure they have a lot of ____________ about
WorldWar II.
qualifications
knowledge

 Have skills in / at
 Have knowledge of
 Have experience in / with
 Have a talent for

 L E N T S T A
 K I L L S S
 E N C E E X P E R I
 E G D E L W O N K
 C A T I O N L I F I Q U A

Conversation Job applying for Qualification
1 Director of a sports
program
Plays tennis, golf,basketball ;
won swimming contests;
teaches swimming
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Good work
habits
Being
punctual

1. When should you not volunteer for
assignments?
2. Why is it important to be nice to people?
3. Why shouldn’t you start with the tasks you like?
4. What should you do so office politics don’t
affect you?
5. What should you do if you need to tell your
boss about a problem?

Relative pronouns:WHO (persons),THAT (things)
Adjective clause: describe people or things
(introduced by relative pronouns)
My sister is the girl who is wearing a costume.
Relative pronoun
(describesTHE GIRL)
Adjective
clause

The Harvest Moon Festival is a holiday
that takes place in autumn.
Relative pronoun
(describesTHE
HARVEST MOON
FESTIVAL)
Adjective
clause

 Don’t use a subject pronoun after the relative
pronouns who or that.
Thanksgiving is a celebration that it takes place
in November.
1. Carnaval is a holiday that it usually comes in
February.
2. My brother is the boy who he is carrying the
flag.

Relative Pronoun as Subject
 The friend who sent me flowers lives in Paris.
 Brad Pitt who stars inWorldWar Z is her
favorite actor.
Relative pronoun WHO
(subject of the clause)

Relative Pronoun as Object
 The flowers that he sent me are really
beautiful.
 He sent me flowers. (flowers = that)
THAT (object of the
clause) He (subject of
the clause

 I read the book that she wrote.
THAT (object of the
clause) She (subject of
the clause

 WHO/WHOM/THAT = persons
 THAT = things
The woman who / whom / that I met at the
party is from Canada.
Whom =
•very formal
•only used as
object in the
clause

Relative pronouns are often omitted when they
are used as the object.
I read the book that she wrote.
I read the book she wrote.
She’s the writer whom I met.
She’s the writer who I met.
She’s the writer I met.
The people whom you invite should bring gifts.
The people you invite should bring gifts.

Relative pronouns cannot be omitted when
they are used as the subject.
Brad Pitt who stars inWorldWar Z is her
favorite actor.
Brad Pitt stars inWorldWar Z is her favorite
actor.

Relative pronouns cannot be omitted when
they are used as the subject.
Eva who was born in Poland is a writer.
Eva was born in Poland is a writer.

Do not use an object after the verb.
The people who you invite them should bring
gifts.
The gift that I bought it is a traditional
decoration.

1.He's the man that I told you about.
2.That's the car that I am thinking about buying.
3. She was the person who saw it first.
4.The email that I sent didn't reach everybody.
5.The flight that we were supposed to take was
cancelled.
6.There is no one whom I trust more.
7. He's the one that took it.
8. It's something that I don't want to think about.
9.The Crown Hotel is a hotel that is famous for its
ghosts.
10. It's the shop that I went in yesterday.

parade
worship longevity
dawn
wealthfirecracker
sweep awaycustomary
abstain

1. Maybe he learned Spanish as a child.
He __________________________________________
2. It was a mistake to ask him to do it.
You __________________________________________
3. I am sure Peter didn’t enjoy his holiday so he made the
correct decision.
Peter ________________________________________
4. It’s possible that the teacher saw me.
The teacher ___________________________________
5. It was a bad idea to park outside the train station.
We __________________________________________

1. Gloria has won every game she's played today.
She _________ (practice) a lot.
2. I don't have anything to wear today. I _______ (do) the
laundry.
3. It's hot in here today. I ________ (wear) a heavy sweater
today.
4. Jack lost his wallet on the way to work. He ______ (lose)
it on the bus.
5. I didn't do very well on the test.I ______ (spend) more
time studying.
6. You ______ (feed) your dog. He has been hungry all day.
7. You did very well on the exam.You ________ (study) a
lot.
8. The Smiths _______ (build) their house anywhere.Why
did they choose here?

1. He's the man that I told you about.
2. That's the car that I am thinking about buying.
3. She was the person who saw it first.
4. The email that I sent didn't reach everybody.
5. The flight that we were supposed to take was
cancelled.
6. There is no one whom I trust more.
7. He's not the sort of person who everyone likes.
8. It's something that I don't want to think about.
9. He's the one who took it.
10. I love holidays that is celebrated by eating lots of
food.

Top notch 3 5 7

Empfohlen

Empfohlen

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Ähnlich wie Top notch 3 5 7

Ähnlich wie Top notch 3 5 7 (20)

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

Top notch 3 5 7