José Miguel de Paz's talk at the FERTINNOWA conference: Sharing fertigation best practices across Europe

1. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
and innovation programme under grant agreement No 689687
Decision Support Systems for nitrogen pollution
reduction in agriculture systems. A case of Valencian
Community (Spain)
José Miguel de Paz
Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias-IVIA
Moncada-Valencia (Spain)
depaz_jos@gva.es

2. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme under grant agreement No 689687
Rockström J. et al. 2009. A safe operating space for humanity. Nature, Vol 461|24, 472-475
Planetary boundaries for the safe/sustainable operating of the planet.
Biodiversity loss
Atmospheric aerosol loading
Chemical pollution
Climate change – Carbon cycle
Ocean acidification
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Nitrogen cycle
Phosphorus cycle
Global freshwater use
Change in land use
1.- INTRODUCTION
PLANET SUSTAINABILITY

3. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme under grant agreement No 689687
< 25
25 - 50
50 - 75
75 - 100
100 - 125
125 - 150
150 - 175
175 - 200
200 - 270
NITRATO (mg/l)
Source: Database Conselleria Agricultura
Comunidad Valenciana (2009).
NO3 groundwater
(mg/L)
1.- INTRODUCTION
NITRATE POLLUTION
Zonas vulnerables
2000
2004
2009
2018 (propuestos)
2018 eliminados
no vulnerables
Nitrate Vulnerable zones.
DOGV 5/7/2018
Nitrate Vulnerable
zones

4. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme under grant agreement No 689687
VALENCIAN AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM
CLIMATE
SOIL
FERTILIZER
SOCIO-
ECONOMIC
CROP
WATER
HIGH COMPLEX SYSTEM
o High factors variability
o Multiple factors interactions
COMPLEX MANAGEMENT
SUSTAINABILITY PROBLEMS
o Nitrate pollution
o Low NUE
1.- Irrig. system
Flood (30%)
Drip (70%)
2.- Water quality
Groundwater
Surface
Alternative
 Mineral (72%)
 Organic (28%)
 Fertigated
 Centralized fertigation (> 25000 has)
Crop Area
(ha)
Citrus 161 000
Vegetable 25 000
Fruit tree 43 000
Vine 22 000
Olive 11 000
Arid
Sem i-arid
Dry-subhum id
Subhum id
Humid
Low income
Farmers aging
Low tech. profile
4 / 471.- INTRODUCTION

5. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme under grant agreement No 689687
NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY-NUE
ESTIMATION
N lost
(kg N/ha)
NUE
(%)
MAGRAMA (2015) 211 46*
de Paz et al. (2009) 183 45**
*NUE = Noutput/Ninput * 100
**NUE = Ncrop / (Nmin + Nirri + Nferti) * 100
NITROGEN MANAGEMENT
o Fixed rates
o Organic fertilization is
not considered
SITE-SPECIFIC N MANAGEMENT-SSNM
(MacCarthy et al. 2018)
RECOMMENDATION SYSTEMS
o Based on DSS-models
INTEGRATED SOIL FERTILITY MANAGEMENT
o Integrate organic matter in fertilization
recommendation
EUROSTAT:
NUE 2009-2014
1.- INTRODUCTION 5 / 47

6. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme under grant agreement No 689687
DSS-BASED ON SIMULATION MODELS
- Nextr = Prod * Kupt* Fnu
- ETc = Kc * ETo
- %N = C1 * TDM-C2
- NO3lix = Nmin* (1-e(-k*dren/Por))
- Nmin = No * (1-ekt)
-
6 / 47

7. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme under grant agreement No 689687
DEFINITION OF DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM
DSS: A interacting computer-based system that helps the decision maker in the
use of data and models in the solution of unstructured problems. (Scott-Norton )
DSS groups scientific and expert knowledge in a structured way to make it
available to users by an interface.
2.- DSS-MODEL

8. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme under grant agreement No 689687
PROBLEMS TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
DEVELOPMENT OF A DSS-MODEL
– Model complexity
• Models are not adapted to Valencian agricultural
systems. (farmer skills, data availability, etc.)
– High uncertainty
• Model
• Input data
– Unfriendly interface
• Non implemented in WEB or App.
2.- DSS-MODEL

9. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme under grant agreement No 689687
 To develop a simple model adapted to
valencian agricultural system
 Crops (vegetables, citrus, persimmon,
vines etc.)
 Low technologic profile
 Low data requirement
 Friendly graphical user interface-GUI
 Simple and intuitive GUI. Farmers
should participate in the design.
 Supported databases
 Climate
 Soil
 Water
 Crop
 Implemented in WEB or/and App
CHALLENGES TO EXTEND THE USE OF DSS IN
VALENCIAN COMMUNITY
2.- DSS-MODEL
DSS-SALTIRSOIL
agrosal.ivia.es

10. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme under grant agreement No 689687
D Nmin soil
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200
D Nmin soil observed (kg N/ha)
DNminsoilNITIRSOIL(kgN/ha)
RMSE = 55.1 kg N/ha
NITIRSOIL MODEL
- Simulate main N balance terms
- Low data requirements
- Simple GUI.
- Supported by databases (soil, water,climate, crop,fertilizers, wastes etc.)
- Calibrated-validated for main valencian crops
- Developed in visual studio .net 2012 and adapted to be implemented in a
WEB site.
Calibration: N uptake
oLettuce, potato, artichoke, onion,
cauliflower, citrus.
Validation: N leaching, D Nmin soil.
N leaching
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0 100 200 300 400
Observed (kg N/ha)
NITIRSOILSimulated(kgN/ha)
RMSE = 39.4 kg N/ha
N uptake
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 100 200 300
Observed (kg N/ha)
NITIRSOILSimulated(kgN/ha)
Calibration
Validation
RMSE = 17.4 kg N/ha
De Paz et al 2012. 17th N workshop Innovations for
Sustainable Use of Nitrogen Resources.
2.- DSS-MODEL

11. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme under grant agreement No 689687
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3.- DSS-DATABASES
Soil database
- 480 points
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Climate database
- 54 weather
stations
Water database
Control points:
- 1040 groundwater
- 145 surface
Crop database:
- 55 annual crops
- 22 fruit trees

12. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme under grant agreement No 689687
Graphical user interface-DSS
NITIRSOIL model
SoilWater Crop
MANAGEMENT
- Reports
- Warnings
Databases
Climate
Interpretation of model results
and decision algorithms
5.- DSS-WEB (or App) STRUCTURE
DATA INPUT
(PHP, javascript,
html)
ANALYSIS AND DATA
INTERPRETATION
(Visual studio 2012 .
Net)
RECOMENDATION
(PHP, javascript, html)

13. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme under grant agreement No 689687
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION