1. Why do we need a transport system? IS2

2. Functions Transport nutrients, hormones and oxygen throughout the body Carry waste away from cells (ex. CO2, urea) Protect body from infection (it transports antibodies and white blood cells)

3. Parts of Cardiovascular System Heart Blood Blood Vessels Arteries Capillaries Veins

4. Heart muscular pump located between your lungs. a sac called pericardium encloses the heart. 4 chambers: the two upper chambers, which receive blood returning to the heart, are called atria (singular, atrium). the two lower chambers are called ventricles, which pump blood out of the heart.

5. Valves flaps of tissue that prevent blood from flowing backwards located between the atria and ventricles and between the ventricles and the arteries leading from the heart the opening and closing of the valves cause the “bump bump” sound of the heart.

7. Heart ->Lungs ->Heart

8. Systemic Circuitcarries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body and oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart.

10. Diffusion between cells and vessels

13. Blood connective tissue made up of cells and liquid. blood is pumped through the body by the heart you have about 4-6 liters of blood it takes about 1 min for blood to make a complete circuit through the body.

14. Blood Composition Plasma is 90% water. The other 10% contains: dissolved salts, proteins, hormones, CO2, antibodies, urea, sugar, etc... RedBloodCells Carryoxygento thecells Containhemoglobin, a proteinthatstoresoxygen (hemoglobincontains IRON) White BloodCells Produceantibodies + destroypathogens = fightinfections Platelets Small fragmentsofcellsthathelp stopcutsfrombleeding Release clottingfactorsthathelp formprotein threads calledfibrin Fibrin threads trapplateletsandbloodcells to make a bloodclot.

16. Atherosclerosis slow build up of plaque (lipids, cholesterol)insidevessels arteries become harder, less flexible less space for blood if coronary arteries are affected: heart attack might happen = heart cells die Factors affecting coronary heart disease (CHD): Age, race, heredity, gender, cholesterol levels, blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, stress

17. Health Cholesterol /fats might clog arteries = pressure inside vessel increases = hypertension/even heart attack Salt also promotes hypertension Regular exercise makes the heart stronger Smoking increases blood pressure (nicotine is a stimulant = increases heart rate/tar accumulates all over lungs = make gas exchange more difficult/CO stick to red blood cells permanently)