Learning objectives: Understand the definition, causes, symptoms, risk factors of type 1 Diabetes. Understand the definition, causes, symptoms, risk factors of type 2 Diabetes. Understand the definition, causes, symptoms of Gestational Diabetes.

1. TYPES OF
DIABETES

2. Learning objectives:
The learning objectives of this lesson is to:
• Understand the definition, causes, symptoms, risk factors of type 1
Diabetes.
• Understand the definition, causes, symptoms, risk factors of type 2
Diabetes.
• Understand the definition, causes, symptoms of Gestational
Diabetes.

3. Type 1 diabetes:
Type 1 diabetes develops when the insulin-producing cells
in the body have been destroyed and the body is unable
to produce any insulin.
Waning signs ( symptoms ):
• Feeling more thirsty than usual
• Dry mouth
• Fruity breath
• Frequent urination

4. As blood sugar levels remain high, type 1 diabetes often
leads to:
Later Red flag:
Weight lossBigger appetiteLack of energy, drowsiness

5. Skin Problems:
Many people with type 1 diabetes get uncomfortable skin
conditions, including:
Bacterial infectionsFungal infectionsItching, dry skin,
poor circulation

6. Dangerous Complications
When blood sugar isn't controlled, type 1 diabetes can cause more
serious symptoms, like:
• Numbness or tingling in the feet
• Blurred vision
• Low blood sugar (called hypoglycemia)
• Passing out
• If your blood sugar gets too high or too low, you could go into a
diabetic coma.
You may not have any warning signs before this happens. You will need
to get emergency treatment.

7. Risk factors for developing type 1 diabetes:
1- Family history: 2-6 % is the risk percentage of developing the diseases
in child who has a parent or sibling with type 1 diabetes

8. 2- Autoimmune diseases:
Having an autoimmune disorders, such as thyroid disease and celiac
disease, raise the risk of type 1 diabetes.

9. 3- History of childhood viruses:
Viruses that have been associated with type 1 diabetes as environmental
triggers include enteroviruses, adenovirus, rubella, cytomegalovirus.

10. Having high blood sugar for a long time can damage many of your
body's systems. Type 1 diabetes can make you more likely to have:
 Heart disease and stroke
 Kidney failure
 Blindness or other problems seeing
 Gum disease and tooth loss

11. As mentioned previously, In type 1 diabetes, your immune system
destroys cells in your pancreas that make insulin.
In type 2 diabetes, develops when the insulin-producing cells in the
body are unable to produce enough insulin, or when the insulin that is
produced does not work properly.
The symptoms of the two forms are similar, but usually come on more
quickly in people with type 1.
Type 1 vs. Type 2 Diabetes

12. Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes:
Type 2 diabetes can cause serious health complications. That's why is
very important to know how to spot type 2 diabetes symptoms.
• Increased thirst
• Increased hunger (especially
after eating)
• Dry mouth
• Frequent urination
• Loss of consciousness (rare)
• Unexplained weight loss (even
though you are eating and
feel hungry)
• Fatigue (weak, tired feeling)
• Blurred vision
• Headaches

13. Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes
 You have pre-diabetes
 If diabetes runs in your family
 You're not physically active
 You're overweight
 You're 45 or older
You are more likely to have type 2 diabetes if :
 You've had heart disease
 You have high blood pressure.
 Your triglyceride level is high
 You've had diabetes during
pregnancy before

14. Causes of Type 2 diabetes
 When the pancreas does not produce any insulin.
 When the pancreas produces very little insulin.
 When the body does not respond appropriately to insulin, a
condition called "insulin resistance."

15. Gestational Diabetes
A condition characterized by high blood sugar
(glucose) levels that is first recognized during
pregnancy, but it usually disappears when the
pregnancy is over.

16. Cause:
During pregnancy, an organ called the placenta makes several
hormones. Some of these hormones make it hard for insulin to do its job
which is controlling blood sugar, so the mother's body has to make
more insulin to keep sugar levels in a safe range.
Gestational diabetes develops when the organ that makes insulin (the
pancreas), cannot make enough insulin to keep blood sugar levels
within a target range.

17. High blood sugar during pregnancy can cause your baby to grow
very large. That can lead to complications during delivery. The baby
could be born with low blood sugar, yellowish skin and eyes
(jaundice), breathing trouble, and other problems.

18. Symptoms:
Sometimes, a pregnant woman has been living with diabetes
without knowing it. If you have symptoms from diabetes, they may
include:
• Increased thirst.
• Increased urination.
• Increased hunger.
• Blurred vision.

19. Summary questions:
1. Define the 3 types of diabetes
2. What are risk factors for type 1, type 2?
3. What are the causes of type 1, type 2 and Gestational diabetes?
4. What are the symptoms of type 1, type 2 and Gestational diabetes?