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TRUE AND FALSE POLICY OF SOCIAL INCLUSION
Fernando Alcoforado *
The changes in the world in the late twentieth century with the use of new technologies
and production systems are causing instability and precariousness of labor relations, the
rise in unemployment (203 million unemployed in the world) and the reduction of
workers' income with the consequent deepening of poverty around the world covering
15 % of the world population (one billion people) living on less than $ 1.25 a day.
Poverty grows and expands throughout the world, mainly due to neoliberal economic
policy adopted by several countries, responsible for cutting jobs and wages and to
restrict public spending in relation to social needs. Poverty relates to those who,
permanently or not so, end up not having access to a minimum of goods and resources,
and then deleted, in different degrees of access to social wealth.
In a capitalist economy such as Brazil, for example, the workforce stood at two levels:
1) allocated to production (90.6 million people); and, 2) not allocated to production
(24,151,000 people). The workforce unallocated production stood at two levels: 1)
composes the reserve army of unemployed or (7.3 million people); and 2) composes the
quota excluded from productive activity (16,851 million people). The reserve army
corresponds to the workforce that exceeds the needs of production and that for the
proper functioning of the capitalist system and to ensure the process of capital
accumulation is necessary for part of the economically active population is permanently
unemployed who acts according to Marxist theory, as an inhibitor of the claims of
workers and contributes to the lowering of wages.
Based on the numbers above, we can conclude that the unemployment rate in Brazil
would correspond to 21.05% if we correlate the number of inhabitants not allocated to
production (24,151,000 people) with the total population allocated and unallocated to
production (90.6 + 24.151) totaling 114,751,000 people. If we do not consider the
number of excluded from productive activity (16,851,000 people) and consider only the
reserve army of unemployed or (7.3 million), the unemployment rate would be 7.45%
which is equal to 7,3 / (90.6 +7.3). Between the two indexes, one can say that the real
unemployment rate in Brazil corresponds to 21.05% which is extremely high equating
the unemployment rate registered in many countries of the world. It can be concluded,
based on the calculations above that the Brazilian government has been manipulating
the rates of unemployment, with low values (4.9% recently), to demonstrate the
effectiveness of its social policy.
The number of persons excluded from productive activity that can be called
lumpenproletariat consists of ruined individuals, people with dubious means of
subsistence and of dubious origin, vagrants, ex -cons, fugitives from prison, crooks,
criminals, brothel owners and prostitutes beggars, and other individuals who do not
meet the requirements to be allocated to production or integrate the reserve army.
According to analysis of Karl Marx exposed in The German Ideology, the
lumpenproletariat is a passive product of putrefaction from the lowest strata of capitalist
society.
Marx says that apart bums, ex -convicts, fugitives from prison, crooks, criminals,
brothel owners, prostitutes and beggars, in short, the lumpenproletariat itself, this social
layer consists of three categories: 1) fit to the work; 2 ) orphans and destitute children;
and, 3 ) degraded, ragged, unable to work. Pauperism is the asylum for invalids of the

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active army of workers and the dead weight of the reserve army. Many nowadays
classify lumpenproletariat as being "excluded".
In the texts of Marx can clearly see that at no point defending the lumpenproletariat.
Rather, Marx has as enemies, despising and calling of beings coming from the decay of
society in its lower layers and that are sold to the bourgeoisie. In view of this we can
conclude that Marx did not consider lumpenproletariat as if they were "excluded" as
many today try to make it appear. The lumpenproletariat is a fraction of a class
consisting of all kinds of miserable produced by capitalist society and that, in Brazil and
in much country of the world, takes up arms not to starve and / or are victims of
violence itself practicing. Ultimately, the lumpenproletariat is "unemployable". We
must not forget that the lumpenproletariat was incurred as maneuver mass of Mussolini
in the rise of fascism in Italy and Hitler in the rise of Nazism in Germany and today
constitutes the Chavista Venezuela with their paramilitary groups and in Brazil as
maneuver mass of PT and its allies to stay in power.
Those who are part of the lumpenproletariat rejects the Bolsa Familia program and
crumbs of social indigence because the capitalist system does not provide for its
insertion in the production and trafficking of drugs is much more profitable to them.
Social exclusion is present in all capitalist countries, regardless of their level of
development, having in common the worsening social issue. A theme that is currently
gaining ground in society and being applied in several areas, most especially in the field
of social policies is the pursuit of social inclusion. Government policies of social
inclusion would aim to provide opportunities to the needy access to goods and services.
The exclusion is present in all capitalist countries, regardless of their level of
development, having in common the worsening social issue. A theme that is currently
gaining ground in society and being applied in several areas, most especially in the field
of social policies is the pursuit of social inclusion. Government policies of social
inclusion would aim to provide opportunities to the needy access to goods and services.
The theme of social inclusion in society and space gained much has been said about it
recently, applying concepts differentiated considering the diversity of situations that
present societies. The term "include" means being included or understood to take part.
Social exclusion, not only in Brazil but throughout Latin America, is not only a
phenomenon identified in recent decades. In fact, this process takes a long time, since
the colonial period, and is characterized by difficulty in access to employment, social
services, education and nutrition among others. The exclusion is a consequence of
social inequality, which is actually a condition of existence of capitalism. It is the result
of the relationship of exploitation of man by man, of having power over those with less
power. This exploitation is economic, political and cultural bringing benefits to some at
the expense of others. Social exclusion is the inability of the individual to participate in
the benefits generated by the society taking the deprivation and the use of violence.
There is no doubt that social exclusion is a structural problem inherent to the capitalist
system that needs to keep the reserve army of unemployed or to avoid higher wages and
maximize the profit rate and cannot absorb the lumpenproletariat because it is people
unfit for work. The result of this structural situation is social inequalities that are
inherent in the capitalist system. In order to reduce social inequalities, several countries
worldwide have adopted conditional cash transfer programs to poor families making
regular cash payments if they meet certain targets, for example, parents keep children in
school and do regular medical checkups and mothers take courses on topics such as

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nutrition and disease prevention. In Brazil, the Bolsa Familia program covers about 50
million Brazilians, a quarter of the country's inhabitants.
Taking into account the foregoing lines behind it is evident that the income transfer
programs adopted in 40 countries, among them Brazil's Bolsa Familia, are mere
palliatives to the purpose of overcoming social exclusion and reducing inequalities
social because it does not make people benefited become capable to be inserted
effectively into the labor market. These programs become eternal social exclusion
serving more as clientelistic purpose of governments that adopt them. The elimination
of social inequalities is not possible within the framework of capitalism because they
are inherent in this system. Only with a new political, economic and social system
different from the present will be possible to ensure the inclusion of all persons able to
work in productive activity and contribute to the reduction of social inequalities.
* Fernando Alcoforado , member of the Bahia Academy of Education, engineer and doctor of Territorial
Planning and Regional Development from the University of Barcelona, a university professor and
consultant in strategic planning, business planning, regional planning and planning of energy systems, is
the author of Globalização (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1997), De Collor a FHC- O Brasil e a Nova
(Des)ordem Mundial (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1998), Um Projeto para o Brasil (Editora Nobel, São
Paulo, 2000), Os condicionantes do desenvolvimento do Estado da Bahia (Tese de doutorado.
Universidade de Barcelona, http://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/1944, 2003), Globalização e
Desenvolvimento (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2006), Bahia- Desenvolvimento do Século XVI ao Século XX
e Objetivos Estratégicos na Era Contemporânea (EGBA, Salvador, 2008), The Necessary Conditions of
the Economic and Social Development-The Case of the State of Bahia (VDM Verlag Dr. Muller
Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG, Saarbrücken, Germany, 2010), Aquecimento Global e Catástrofe
Planetária (P&A Gráfica e Editora, Salvador, 2010), Amazônia Sustentável- Para o progresso do Brasil e
combate ao aquecimento global (Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2011)
and Os Fatores Condicionantes do Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2012),
among others.