We live in a world that has as one of its main features to violence by man against his fellow man. The perception of many people is that violence is a predominance of animal instinct that we have on the values of civilization. This would explain the escalation of crime in all ages worldwide. One of the most important issues for the understanding of the human being and its various dimensions is to understand what its nature is. Be it good or bad? A thesis defended, especially at present, for some philosophers and religious is that the man was viscerally bad intrinsically evil and inherently corrupt, while for others it is based on the conviction of the natural goodness of man.

1. SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EDUCATION ARE THE WEAPONS TO COMBAT
VIOLENCE IN BRAZIL AND IN THE WORLD
Fernando Alcoforado *
Over the past 30 years, homicide victims in Brazil amount to more than 1 million
people. Are data collected in 27 Federative Units, 33 Metropolitan Areas, 27 capitals
and 5564 municipalities, using information from health ministry, public security,
notaries, police and other public bodies [See the article Violência no Brasil: pior que
Iraque, Angola e Afeganistão (Violence in Brazil: worse than Iraq, Angola and
Afghanistan) published on the website
<http://blogdotas.terra.com.br/2011/12/28/violencia-no-brasil-pior-que-iraque-angola-e-
afeganistao/>]. To be clear the absurdity of the number of violent deaths in Brazil, just
compare to other places that live extreme situation like Angola, a country in civil war
for 27 years (550,000 victims, almost half of the victims here in the same period).
Other Recent armed conflicts such as in Iraq and Afghanistan, together totaling 89,000
dead until 2007. In other words, the war here is bloodier than those places already
excessively bloody planet.
The recent medical murder in Rio de Janeiro in Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon widely
reported in the press is just another case of a victim of violence in Brazil. Increasingly,
the media leave explicit that we are vulnerable to violence, forcing us to realize that it
has invaded all areas of life and the individual relations in Brazil. Concern about
violence in the current Brazilian society manifested in organized crime, widespread
corruption of various public agencies is evident in the assaults on citizens and banks,
etc. Violence is all that hurts, destroys, assaults or hurts people - actions that do not
preserve life but harm the well-being both individual and collective.
We live in a world that has as one of its main features to violence by man against his
fellow man. The perception of many people is that violence is a predominance of animal
instinct that we have on the values of civilization. This would explain the escalation of
crime in all ages worldwide. One of the most important issues for the understanding of
the human being and its various dimensions is to understand what its nature is. Be it
good or bad? A thesis defended, especially at present, for some philosophers and
religious is that the man was viscerally bad intrinsically evil and inherently corrupt,
while for others it is based on the conviction of the natural goodness of man.
Freud stresses in his work the destructive aspects of man [See the article by Sonia Maria
Lima de Guzman entitled A natureza humana segundo Freud e Rogers (Human nature
according to Freud and Rogers) posted on the Website
<http://www.rogeriana.com/sonia/natureza.htm>]. In this article, Carl Rogers presents
an opposing view advocated by Freud because he believes that it is precisely in a
coercive context, where the individual cannot expand, or rather upgrade their potential,
making him hostile or antisocial. Hobbes has the central thesis that man is a wolf to
man. Hobbes seeks to show that there can be no society without government and
without the sanction of laws [See the article by Roger Trigg under the title A Natureza
Humana em Hobbes (Human Nature in Hobbes) posted on the Website <http://qualia-
esob.blogspot.com.br/2008 /03/natureza-humana-em-hobbes.html>].
The central idea in Rousseau's thought is based on the conviction of the natural
goodness of man and the mishaps of socialization moved away the man himself
throwing him against his fellow (See article by Dalva de Fatima Fulgeri under the title

2. Conceito de natureza em Rousseau (Concept of nature in Rousseau) posted on the
website <http://www.paradigmas.com.br/parad12/p12.6.htm>]. For Marx, human
beings are capable of changing the world around them and in doing so, change
themselves [See the article A Natureza do Homem Segundo Karl Marx (The Nature of
Man According to Karl Marx) posted on the website
<http://nomosofia.blogspot.com.br/2011/10/natureza-do-homem-segundo-karl-
marx.html>].
Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Eastern Religions and Spiritualism address the issue of
human nature which is shown below. As for Christianity, there is the claim that we are
endowed with a free will of God - or free will - and that the first impulse of our freedom
leads to evil and sin, that is, for the transgression of the divine laws that we are weak
creatures, sinners, divided between good (obedience to God) and evil (submission to
demonic temptation) [See the article Cristianismo: O Problema Moral (Christianity:
The Moral Problem) posted on the website <http://portalveritas.blogspot.com.br
/2009/10/cristianismo-o-problema-moral.html>].
The Judaism as much as Christianity, considers the violation of a divine command as a
sin. Judaism teaches that humanity is in a tilting state to do evil and inability to choose
good instead of evil. According to Judaism, man is responsible for sin because it is
endowed with a free will, however, he has a weak nature and a tendency to evil, as the
heart of man is evil from his youth [See Enciclopédia Judaica - Jewish Encyclopedia
published between 1901 and 1906).
Islam, in turn, is a monotheistic religion based on the teachings of Muhammad, called
"The Prophet", contained in the Islamic holy book, the Koran. The word Islam means
submitting and expresses submission to the law and the will of Allah. His followers are
called Muslims, which means one who submits to God. For Muslims, the Koran
contains God's message to Muhammad. Islam believes that there will be the day of
resurrection and judgment of good and evil. In this great day, all made by man, whether
good or bad, will be placed in the balance. Muslims who have acquired sufficient fair
and personal merits in favor of Allah will go to heaven; all others will go to hell [See
Islamismo (Islam) article published on the website
<http://pansvitoria.sites.uol.com.br/>].
Eastern religions defend the thesis that, in general, human nature is originally good and
it degenerated because of ignorance, desires or his clouded mind, which makes them a
severe discipline becomes necessary to recover her original goodness. This is the main
reason why the eastern ethics advocates a strict discipline in order to recover the
original human virtue. Therein lays the eastern religions explanation of the appearance
of evil that would be entirely creation of man. Virtually all Indian religious systems,
including Buddhism, and Taoism in China, give the appearance of evil ignorance of
man, giving rise to false knowledge and the evil desires. The Eastern philosophy
believes that, as the man produces evil, can also destroy it [See the article
Características da Filosofia Chinesa e Indiana (Characteristics of Chinese Philosophy
and Indiana) by Chan Wing-tsit in Moore, C. (ed.) published on the website
<http://orientika.blogspot.com.br/2008/04/caractersticas-da-filosofia- Chinese-.html>].
Spiritualism asks how it is possible that the man created in the image and likeness of
God, is viscerally bad? As one understands that the Supreme Architect of the Universe
there is produced intrinsically flawed and defective works? For the spiritualist, man is
unfinished. The problem of evil, according to Spiritism, is solved through the enormous

3. work of man's education in order to transform darkness into light, the vice into virtue,
madness in common sense, the weakness in force. For the doctrine of spirits evil is the
creation of man himself and has no existence other than temporary, transient, as the
largest arrangement of Life is meaningless evil stay. Alan Kardec points in Obras
Póstumas (Posthumous Works) that "God did not create evil; it was the man who
produced that made the abuse of God's gifts, by virtue of his free will" [See the article A
transitória maldade humana (Transient human wickedness) by Sidney Abel de Souza
published on website
<http://www.espirito.org.br/portal/artigos/diversos/comportamento/a-transitoria-
maldade-humana.html>].
For these reasons, it appears that Freud, Hobbes, Christianity, Judaism and Islam
converge in thought when considering that the human being has an inclination to evil
which are contrary to those of Carl Rogers, Rousseau, Marx, Eastern religions
Spiritualism that defend the thesis that society is that degenerates the man throwing him
against his similar. From the foregoing, it can be said that the education of human
beings and the existence of social justice, antithesis of inhuman capitalist system in
place, are the weapons that can cause the man to have constructive behavior and be able
to change the world to their around and in doing so, change himself. Combating
violence that is recorded in Brazil and in the world should not be restricted to police
action and the creation of punitive laws offenses. Social justice and education are
essential to combat violence in Brazil and worldwide.
* Fernando Alcoforado, 75, membro da Academia Baiana de Educação, engenheiro e doutor em
Planejamento Territorial e Desenvolvimento Regional pela Universidade de Barcelona, professor
universitário e consultor nas áreas de planejamento estratégico, planejamento empresarial, planejamento
regional e planejamento de sistemas energéticos, é autor dos livros Globalização (Editora Nobel, São
Paulo, 1997), De Collor a FHC- O Brasil e a Nova (Des)ordem Mundial (Editora Nobel, São Paulo,
1998), Um Projeto para o Brasil (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2000), Os condicionantes do
desenvolvimento do Estado da Bahia (Tese de doutorado. Universidade de Barcelona,
http://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/1944, 2003), Globalização e Desenvolvimento (Editora Nobel,
São Paulo, 2006), Bahia- Desenvolvimento do Século XVI ao Século XX e Objetivos Estratégicos na Era
Contemporânea (EGBA, Salvador, 2008), The Necessary Conditions of the Economic and Social
Development- The Case of the State of Bahia (VDM Verlag Dr. Müller Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG,
Saarbrücken, Germany, 2010), Aquecimento Global e Catástrofe Planetária (P&A Gráfica e Editora,
Salvador, 2010), Amazônia Sustentável- Para o progresso do Brasil e combate ao aquecimento global
(Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2011), Os Fatores Condicionantes do
Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2012) e Energia no Mundo e no Brasil-
Energia e Mudança Climática Catastrófica no Século XXI (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2015).