microbe

1. KLEBSIELLA
• Klebsiella species are found everywhere in nature.
They have associated biochemical adaptations
which make them better suited to a particular
environment. They can be found in water, soil,
plants, insects, animals, and humans
• Klebsiella species are routinely found in the human
nose, mouth, and gastrointestinal tract as normal
flora; however, they can also behave as
opportunistic human pathogens. Klebsiella species
are known to also infect a variety of other animals.

2. Type of klebsiela and disease
associated
• K. pneumomia: causes lobar
pneumonia(Lobar pneumonia is an acute
exudative inflammation of an entire
pulmonary lobe) & UTI(Urinary Tract Infection)
which mainly nosocomial(present in hospital)
• K. rhinoscleromatis: causes
rhinoscleroma(granuloma of nose and throat)

3. • K. oxytoca : nosocomial infection.( colitis and
sepsis)
• K. ozonae : causes atrophic rhinitis.( decrease
in size of mucuous lining surface)

4. Diagnosis of klebsiella infection
• Sample: site of infection (sputum)
Procedure:
1. Gram stained smear: Gram (-) bacilli, non-motile, polysaccharide capsule (K
antigen), oxidase negative, rod shaped bacilli
2. Culture:
 on Mackoney’s agar plate: rose pink colonies due to lactose fermentation
 On EMB(eosin methylene blue) agar plate: large, mucoid colonies due to
production of extracellular slime
3. Biochemical reaction:
 Ferment glucose, lactose, maltose, mannite, sucrose with production acid
and gas
 TSI(triple sugar iron) medium: yellow(acidic) butt and yellow(acidic) slant
 IMVC(4 different tests that are used for differentiation of enteric bacteria)
test:
 Oxidase and 𝐻2
S negative, variable urease result and reduce nitrate to
nitrite.

5. • 4. serology: antigen can be detected by slide
aggluttination test and capsular swelling test

6. Lobar pneumonia& Rhinoscleroma