Handwritten Text Recognition for manuscripts and early printed texts
Broadband Network Presentation
1. Topic: Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Broad Band Network
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5. MPLS and ISO model PPP 2 4 Frame Relay ATM (*) TCP UDP MPLS IETF main goal is that when a layer is added, no modification is needed on the existing layers. All new protocol must be backward compatible Physical (Optical - Electrical) 1 IP 3 Applications 7 to 5 PPP FR ATM (*)
15. MPLS Operation 1a. Routing protocols (e.g. OSPF) exchange reachability to destination networks 1b. Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) establishes label mappings to destination network 2. Ingress LER receives packet and “label”s packets IP IP 10 3. LSR forwards packets using label swapping IP 20 IP 40 4. LER at egress removes label and delivers packet IP
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20. Downstream stream on demand Mapping 12 Mapping 5 5 12 12 5 Request 138.120 Request 138.120 The label is requested by the upstream node and the downstream node defines the label used. Ingress Interface Ingress Label FEC Egress Interface Egress Label 1 138.120 3 Ingress Interface Ingress Label FEC Egress Interface Egress Label 1 138.120 x 4 3 Ingress Interface Ingress Label FEC Egress Interface Egress Label 1 x 138.120 MPLS switch MPLS switch MPLS switch MPLS switch 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 138.120 192.168 127.20