Editing Lesson 1 and 2

1. EDITING

2.  Editing is the way we organise a narrative in a film.
 Films are not shot chronologically, they are shot out of order
and require editing to piece the narrative back together.
 Like other micro features it can lend meaning to the narrative,
as well as characters and setting.
WHAT IS EDITING?
WHY DO IT?

3. Continuity
Montage
TYPES
OF
EDITING

4.  Ensures the narrative of the film is continuous and unbroken.
 This preserves the narrative of the film and gives the
impression of the narrative moving forwards in real time.
 This might involve some flashbacks but for the most part the
narrative will continue on in the way an audience expects.
CONTINUITY

5.  3 elements are important when it comes to continuity editing.
 Space
 Time
 Rhythm
 These 3 elements are vital to a film being understood by an
audience, and can easily confuse them if done incorrectly.
CONTINUITY

6.  The organisation of the shots can give the audience an idea of
space, both geographically and within a room.
 What type of shot would we normally start a scene with?
Why?
 ELS or WS/LS – These allow our setting and location to be
seen by our audience so they are aware of the characters
location.
SPACE

7.  We can also use an editing technique called eye line matching
to create an idea of space in a room.
 This can help an audience understand where characters are in
a room, in relation to other characters.
 We also use the 180˚ rule to achieve this. Both of these are
explained in the video below:
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27KCpefUMxU
SPACE

8.  The editor also controls the organisation of time in the film.
 This is used to compress time and allow a day/month/year
worth of narrative be compressed into 2 hours.
 This can also create different types of narrative either being
linear or non-linear.
 Can you think of any examples of a linear or non-linear
narrative?
TIME

9.  This can create pace, expectation and meaning for an
audience.
 Leaving a beat at the end of a shot can add cinematic quality
and can give a sense of closure to a scene.
 A fast rhythm and lots of edits can create a fast paced scene.
 Can you think of an example?
 A slow rhythm and few edits can create a slow paced scene.
 Can you think of an example?
RHYTHM

10.  What is a montage?
 The original montage comes from Battleship Potemkin.
 What kind of effect does this editing style have on an
audience?
MONTAGE

12.  Montage can also be used to show a passage of time.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFrMLRQIT_k
 Can you think of any other examples of montage editing?
MONTAGE

13. Match on Action
Shot-Reverse-Shot
Cut Away’s
Cross Cutting/Parallel Cutting
Graphic Matching
(Eye Line Matching + 180˚ rule are also editing
techniques)
EDITING TECHNIQUES

14.  This creates a visual bridge for an audience and can mask a
cut.
 A match on action essentially seamlessly continues the action
from the previous shot.
 You can see an example of this in the clip below:
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eKS2d6TyiWo
MATCH ON ACTION

15.  This is a very common editing practice and is usually used in
dialogue sequences.
 This is usually combined with the 180˚ rule and eye line
matching to give the audience a sense of space.
 Why else would we use a SRS in a scene?
 What effect does the SRS have in this scene?
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0xiCIMIwLY
SHOT-REVERSE-SHOT

16.  This is useful for engaging the audience and speeding up
action.
 This technique literally ‘cuts away’ from the action on screen
to something else in the scene that is relevant.
 For example, if a character rises from a desk and leaves the
room, rather than having the camera track their movement we
can cut away to the reaction of the other people in the room.
We can then cut back to watch the character leave.
CUT AWAY’S

17.  This is another way to stretch the passage of time.
 Using this technique we can cut between one event and
another and creating a sense of simultaneous action, and in
some cases dramatic irony.
 How is cross cutting used in this scene?
 (INSERT LSaTSB ENDING)
CROSS CUTTING/PARALLEL CUTTING

18.  This is used to compliment the rhythm of a scene can be used
to mask, or in some cases draw attention to a cut.
 This creates a graphic connection between two images.
 This can be used through straight cuts, for example showing a
series of slamming doors, but it can also be created through a
dissolve.
 How is it used in the following scene? What effect does this
have on the audience?
 (INSERT A-N helicopter scene)
GRAPHIC MATCHING

19. Cut
Fade Up/Fade
In
Fade
Down/Fade
Out
Wipe
Dissolve
EDITING TRANSITIONS

20.  This is a cut
CUT

21.  We literally cut to the next shot.
CUT

22.  This is a fade in.
FADE IN/FADE UP

24.  This is usually used at the beginning of a scene to slowly
introduce the next shot.
FADE IN/FADE UP

25.  This is a fade out/fade down
FADE OUT/FADE DOWN

27.  This is used to end a scene or a film.
FADE OUT/FADE DOWN

28.  This is a wipe
WIPE

29.  This can be used to wipe from one scene to the next.
 It looks a bit old fashioned now, but it was used a lot in Star
Wars to indicate a change from world to world.
WIPE

30.  This is a dissolve.
DISSOLVE

31.  This can be used to create a double image.
 It can be used in conjunction with Graphic Matching to link 2
shots together and create further meaning for an audience.
DISSOLVE