1. Week 5
EDS 220
Psychosocial Development
Dr. Evrim Baran
2. Assignment for this week
• Conflict between id and superego can lead to
emotional distress (anxiety or guilt). Bring an
example to 7 defense mechanisms used to
avoid these emotions related to child/adult
behavior in classroom/educational contexts
4. What is identity?
• An individual's self definition that focuses on
enduring characteristics of the self.
• In an established identity, the individual is
able to explain the origins of these self-
defined characteristics and the influences
behind those origins.
• Complete identity includes a clarification of
one's morals, ethics, and standards, as well as
a commitment to a future occupation.
5. Activity: Timeline of Our Life
Draw a timeline of
your life with major
physical, emotional,
and social
developmental
milestones
What is each milestone
Physical?
Emotional?
Social?
9. Eight stages of development
• Each stage is defined by a specific conflict (pair
of opposing impulses and behaviors)
• The resolution or the inability to resolve these
conflicts effects our personalities and
identities
• Four childhood stages and three adult stages
bridged together one stage in adolescents
• Basic needs and what society provides
10. Eight stages of development
• Stage 1 – Basic Trust vs. mistrust
• Stage 2 – Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
• Stage 3 – Initiative vs. Guilt
• Stage 4 – Industry vs. Inferiority
• Stage 5 – Identity vs. Role confusion
• Stage 6 – Intimacy vs. Isolation
• Stage 7 – Generativity vs. Stagnation
• Stage 8 – Ego Integrity vs. Despair
11. Stage 1: Basic Trust vs. mistrust
Others are
birth to 12-18 dependable and
months (infancy) reliable
Trust vs. mistrust
World is in an
undependable,
Hope, optimism unpredictable,
and possibly
dangerous place.
• A loving trusting
relationship with the
mother/caregiver
through feeding,
teething, and comforting
• Failure to resolve this
conflict
• Sensory distortion and
withdrawal
13. Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
I can do
this.
18 months-3 years
Autonomy vs.
Shame/Doubt
Self control, will I can’t
Autonomy: Ability to control their
bodies and environment
Developing physical skills (toilet
training, walking, manipulating
objects)
Shame and doubt develop when the
child is shamed or forced to be
dependent in areas in which
she/he is capable of independence.
Compulsivity, impulsivity
14. Can I do things myself or
must I always rely on
others?"
15. Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt
3-6 years
Initiative vs. Guilt
Purpose, direction
Children are active and have
powerful imagination
Initiative: Independent
decision making about
planning and doing various
activities
May develop guilt for their
desire of independence
Ruthless, inhibition
17. Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority
6-12 years
Industry vs.
Inferiority
Competence
Gain real adult skills (reading, writing)
Industry: Motivation to keep learning
and practicing.
They want to be productive instead of
just wanting to play.
When not encouraged to work and
learn skills feel inferior and
unmotivated.
Conflict between what they should do
and should not do.
School learning, interaction with peers
20. Stage 5: Identity vs. Role confusion
adelescence
Identity vs. Role
confusion
Fidelity
Identity is characterised by integration of
personal values with those of society, a
clear sense of self in multiple roles, and by
making choices about the future.
A health identity: One’s organisation of
individual drives, abilities, beliefs, and
experience into a consistent image of self.
Role confusion: Failure to establish an
individual identity separate from the family
and and having no peer relationships and
plans for an occupation.
22. In 4 groups, define and find examples
• Identity achievement
• Identity foreclosure
• Identity diffisuon
• Moratorium
23. Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Young Adulthood, 20s
Intimacy vs.
Isolation
Love
Form identities and start looking
for close reciprocal
relationship.
Intimacy develops when the
person creates mature
relationships with a partner.
Isolation: Inability to create
intimate relationships.
24. Am I loved and wanted?
Shall I share my life with
someone or live alone?
25. Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Middle Adulthood
Generativity vs.
Stagnation
Care
Primary developmental task is one of
contributing to society and helping to
guide future generations.
Generativity: Concern of establishing and
guiding the next generation.
Promote well being of others.
Stagnation- a dissatisfaction with the
relative lack of productivity.
Parenting, educating, productive social
involvement
27. Stage 8: Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Seniors, 65 and over
Integrity vs. Despair
Wisdom
Sense of satisfaction with life well
lived.
Integrity: When a person
developed wisdom over a
lifetime and can look back and
see a life of meaning.
Despair: A sense of not
accomplishing one’s goals or
values and it is too late to do
anything about it.
29. Eight stages of development
• Stage 1 – Basic Trust vs. mistrust
• Stage 2 – Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
• Stage 3 – Initiative vs. Guilt
• Stage 4 – Industry vs. Inferiority
• Stage 5 – Identity vs. Role confusion
• Stage 6 – Intimacy vs. Isolation
• Stage 7 – Generativity vs. Stagnation
• Stage 8 – Ego Integrity vs. Despair
30. Activity: Examples
• For each stage
– Discuss one example—ideally from your lives—that
illustrates a particular stage-specific crisis.
– Describe a positive and negative outcome for your
example.
• (For example, stage 4, or school age, is when children begin
school and learn new skills. If this stage is met successfully, a
child will develop a sense of competence. He or she is more
likely to feel confident about learning new subjects in school,
talking in class, and taking on new challenges. If not, he or
she will develop a sense of inferiority, may be reluctant to
ask questions, and could fall behind, feeling stupid or
discouraged.)
– Present your example to the class
31. Applying Erikson’s Work in the
Classroom
• Help students achieve a high degree of success, especially
in elementary school
• Be Tolerant of honest mistakes when dealing with students
at all levels
• In a middle or junior high school, provide the security of
structure while allowing freedom and expression
• Know the emotional needs of young people, and use that
knowledge as an umbrella under which you conduct
instruction
• Be a role model for students, both professionally and
personally. With elementary students, model industry, with
elder students model professionalism and individual dignity
helpfull in identity formation.
32. Assignment
• Interview people of different ages to learn about
Erikson's stages, their conflicts, and how they
could resolve or could not resolve their conflicts.
• Some questions:
– What advice would you give to someone our age?
(Stage 7)
– Which stages of your life have been most enjoyable?
The most important? (Stage 8)
– What have been some of the most significant events
of your life? Why? What age were you at each event?
– What aspect of your life has influenced you the most?
