GLOBAL NETWORKS

GLOBALIZATION
• THE TERM OF GLOBALIZATION REFERS TO THE EMERGENCE OF AN
INTERNATIONAL NETWORK , BELONGING TO AN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL
SYSTEM.CITED IN THE REVISITADESTATICA ( 2012), IN 1930 “GLOBALIZATION” IS
ONE OF THE EARLIEST USES TERM AND “TOWARDS NEW EDUCATION” WAS
PUBLICATE ENTITLED TO DESIGNATE AN OVERVIEW OF THE HUMAN EXPERIENCE
IN EDUCATION.
• ROLAND ROBERTSON – WAS THE FIRST PERSON WHO DEFINED GLOBALIZATION
AS THE “ THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE WORLD AND THE INCREASED
PERCEPTION OF THE AS A WHOLE” AND HE WAS A PROFESSOR OF SOCIOLOGY AT
THE UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN.

GLOBALIZATION
• MARTIN ALBROW AND ELIZABETH KING –SOCIOLOGY ,DEFINE GLOBALIZATION AS
ALL THOSE PROCESSES BY WHICH THE PEOPLE OF THE WORLD ARE
INCORPORATED INTO A SINGLE WORLD SOCIETY.
• MIGRATION- IS A MOVEMENT TO ANOTHER PLACE ,OFTEN OF A LARGE GROUP
OF PEOPLE.
• LABOR- IS DEFINED AS WORK, ESPECIALLY HARD PHYSICAL WORK.

TYPES OF GLOBALIZATION
• ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION-IS THE INCREASING ECONOMIC INTEGRATION AND
INTERDEPENDENCE OF NATIONAL,REGIONAL, AND LOCAL ECONOMIES ACROSS
THE WORLD THROUGH AN INTENSIFICATION OF ACROSS BOARDER MOVEMENT
OF GOODS,SERVICES,TECHNOLOGIES AND CAPITAL.
EXAMPLES:
•TRANS-NATIONAL TRADES ARE COMPANIES THAT EXTEND BEYOND THE
BORDERS OF ONE COUNTRY EXAMPLE OF THESE ARE UNILEVER AND MCDONALDS.

• SOCIAL GLOBALIZATION- SOCIAL TRANSFORM OR PROCESS LEADING TO THE
ACHIEVEMENT OF PEOPLE-CENTERED DEVELOPMENT.HUMAN-CENTERED
DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT IS OFFERED AS AN ALTERNATIVE STRATEGY TO BRING
ABOUT A MORE EQUITY DEVELOPMENT OUTCOME.
EXAMPLE:
•UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY
•PARTNERSHIP OF INTERNATIONAL,DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
•SOCIAL INTEGRATION ,GENDER EQUITY AND ACCESS TO SOCIAL SEVICES
•HIV/AIDS AWARENESS

• POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION-REFERS TO AN INCREASING TREND TOWARD
MULTILATERALISM IN AN EMERGING TRANSNATIONAL STATE APPARATUS AND
THE EMERGENCE OF NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL NON-GOVERMENT
ORGANIZATION THAT ACT AS WATCHDOGS OVER GOVERNMENT.
4 GOVERMEBT DISTINCT ROLES IN ADDRESSING SUSTAINABILITY CONCERNS.
1.POLICY DEVELOPMENT 3.FACILITATION
2.REGULATION. 4.INTERNATIONAL SUSTAINABILITY MANAGEMENT

• FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION- IT IS REFERS TO INCREASING GLOBAL LINKAGES
CREATED TROUGH CROSS –BORDER FINANCIAL FLOWS , AND ALSO REFERS TO
INDIVIDUALS COUNTRY’S LINKAGES TO INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL MARKETS.

• TECHNOLOGICAL GLOBALIZATION-IS ACCELERATED IN LARGE PART BY
TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSMISSION ,THE SPREAD OF TECHNOLOGY ACROSS
BORDERS.IT RANKS 83RD OUT OF 138 COUNTRIES IN TERM OF TECHNOLOGICAL
READINESS, ACCORDING TO THE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(DOST).

• ECOLOGICAL GLOBALIZATION-ACCURS WHEN ECOSYSTEMS ARE CONSTANTLY
EXCHANGING MATERIALS TROUGH THE MOVEMENT OF AIR IN THE
ATMOSPHERE,THE FLOW OF WATER IN REVIEW AND MIGRATION OF ANIMALS
ACROSS THE LANDSCAPE.THE WORLD IS ALSO BECOMING HIGHLY
INTERCONNECTION THROUGH THE MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE AND THE TRANSPORT
OF GOODS LOCALLY TO GLOBALLY.

• GEOGRAPHICAL GLOBALIZATION- DEFINED AS THE SET OF PROCESSES.
ECONOMIC,SOCIAL,CULTURAL,TECHNOLOGICAL,AND INSTITUTIONAL THAT
CONTRIBUTES TO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIETIES AND INDIVIDUALS
AROUND THE WORLD.

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION
POSITIVE
• IT CREATES OPPORTUNITIES FOR COUNTRIES TO CONNECT TO OTHERS
COUNTRIES FOR LARGER MARKETS
• THIS CAN LEAD TO MORE ACCESS CAPITAL FLOWS,TECHNOLOGY,HUMAN
CAPITAL,CHEAPER IMPORTS AND LARGER EXPORT MARKET
• IT ALLOWS BUSINESSES TO BECOME PART OF INTERNATIONAL PRODUCTION
NETWORKS AND SUPPLY CHAINS OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
• IT ALLOWS TO MIGRATE FROM THIEF HOMELANDS IN POOPER COUNTRIES
TO MORE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES TO FIND WORK.
• TECNHOLOGIES ARE INTRODUCED TO MAKE A NARROWER PRODUCT MORE
EFFICIENTLY.
NEGATIVE
• THE GROWTH OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE HAS WORSENED INCOME
INEQUALITIES BETWEEN DEVELOPED,DEVELOPING AND UNDERDEVELOPED
COUNTRIES.
• GLOBAL COMMENCE IS INCREASINGLY DOMINATED BY TRANSNATIONAL
CORPORATION WHICH SEEK TO MAXIMIZE DEVELOPMENT NEEDS OF
INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES .
• COMPETITIONS AMONG DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ARE RACES WHICH
DANGEROUSLY LOWER ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
• PARENTS AND CHILDREN CAN SPEND A DECADE APART,WHERE THEY PASS
THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES TO GRAND PARENTS.
• MANY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DO NOT HAVE STRICT RULES ABOUT
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,RESULTING IN SERIOUS AIR WATER,AND SOIL
POLLUTION.

INTERCONNECTION OF PEOPLE AND NATIONS
• GLOBALIZATION LEADS TO INTERCONNECTION OF .
• PEOPLE REFERS TO A GROUP OF PEOPLE WITH COMMONALITY ,SUCH AS
RELEGION, CULTURE AND LANGUAGE WHO LIVES IN A SPECIFIC AREA .
• NATION REFERS TO A LARGER GROUP OF PEOPLE ORGANIZE IN A SPECIFIC
PLACE, WHICH EMBODIED AN INDEPENDENT GOVERNMENT OF ITS COUNTRY
WHERE THEY CAN DECIDE ON THEIR OWN.

• COLLABORATION- IT MEANS WORK TOGETHER WITH OTHERS TO ACHIEVE A COMMON GOAL.
SHARING EVERYTHING AND HELPING EACH OTHERS.”COLLECTIVE “ IN UNUSUAL ROLES EMBRACING
TALENTS OF EACHPERSON TO SYNERGIZE OR INVENT SOMETHING NEW IN A WAY THAT:
A.BENEFITS ALL THE GROUPS,
B.SERVES THE WHOLE TEAMS GOALS,
C.MAY RESULT TO CREATIVE INNOVATION.

• COOPERATION-IS THE PROCESS OF WORKING TOGETHER TO THE SAME END.IT IS AN ACTIVE HELP FROM A
PERSON, ORGANIZATION EXT.SUCH AS AN ORDERLY SHARING OF SPACE AND RESOURCES.COOPERATION MEANS
CONDITIONALLY SHARING INFORMATION AND SOURCES WHILE FUNCTIONING TOGETHER WITHIN AN INDEPENDENT
“CONNECTIVE “IN TYPICAL ROLES.
A.BENEFITS SOME INDIVIDUAL IN A GROUPS
B.MEETS THEIR PERSONAL NEEDS AND.
C.MAY RESULT IN DISRUPTED INNOVATION.