3. It can be said that the first wisdom of sociology is
this: things are not what they seem.
~Peter L. Berger
(1929 -)
Sociology … is a science which attempts the
interpretive understanding of social action in
order thereby to arrive at a causal explanation
of its course and effects.
~Max Weber (1864 - 1920)
3
4. States one sociologist:
What makes sociology deceptively subtle
and powerful is that a sustained
examination of the seemingly obvious
usually requires that honest or thoughtful
people reexamine the assumptions that
sustain their identity.
Rousseau (not Jean Jacques). 2013
4
6. 6
It is the political task of
the social scientist — as
of any liberal educator
— continually to
translate personal
troubles into public
issues, and public issues
into the terms of their
human meaning for a
variety of individuals.
~C. Wright Mills
7. Biography and history
Personal troubles versus public issues
The social versus the individual
7
8. Sociology is where biography and history meet. It
is where you, as a person, interact with those
larger forces around you – what Durkheim
called social facts.
What is your history, your epoch or social
environment like? What does it contain?
8
9. Civil Rights movement
Assassination of Martin Luther King
Assassination of President Kennedy
Assassination of Robert Kennedy
Charlie Manson
The (second) feminist movement
LSD
The American Indian movement (AIM)
The Vietnam War and the ant-war movement
9
10. The draft
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)
The Weathermen revolutionary group
Nixon and the Watergate scandal
The Pentagon Papers
Hippies
Assassination of John Lenon
Bay of Pigs
Cuban Missile Crisis
10
11. Smart phones, tablets, twitter, Facebook…
9/11 Trade Towers attacked
First black president
Iraq and Afghanistan
Abu Ghraib and Guantanamo
Water boarding
Wikipedia
WikiLeaks
Bradley Manning and Edward Snowden
11
12. Banking and mortgage crash
Growing educational costs
Tea Party and Occupy Wall Street
Reversal of Voting Rights Act
Cyber war, hacking, “Anonymous”
Drones
Globalization and corporate “personhood”
Same sex marriage (some states)
Legalization of marijuana (some states)
Massive increases in prison populations
Race 12
13. Your history helps shape you just as you
participate in the shaping of history.
History cannot exist, per se, without people
both living it and making it. You live in an
historically specific moment that was
constructed out of a series of such moments.
As well, you are making history now.
13
14. Mills was
concerned with
class issues. The
working class
had changed
after WWII.
There was now
a “new middle
class” of white
collar workers.
14
15. Contrary to Marx’s reasoning, for Mills, the
next revolution would not come from a blue-
collar, so-called, working class. (The
proletariat)
Perhaps necessary change would come from
this “new middle class.”
15
16. But for Mills, this new middle class had
become “a kind of hypercompetetive
marketplace of status-hunting that he called
‘the status panic.’”
~Collins & Makowsky, 2005
16
17. Work is an anonymous “great salesroom”
The trades are no longer independent but
merely “tools of the establishment.”
People have become “cheerful robots.”
17
18. “The new middle class is superficially
satisfied, but inwardly anxious, and
dishonest about admitting it to
themselves …
They have no independent source of
power.” (ibid.)
18
19. In the power elite world organizations
converge causing the collective biographies of
the individuals within them to come to
resemble one another.
Does this sound like now?
Does this sound like your epoch?
19
20. 20
Mills saw social problems as social ills that
arise from contradictions.
What are some social contradictions? (Also
called antagonisms)
21. EXPECTATIONS REALITY
Education
A quality job
Owning a home
Having a family
Health
Optimism toward the future
Trust in social institutions
Freedom
Higher Tuition
Layoffs and off shoring
Costs
Putting off for education
Lack of or limited health care
program
Changing and uncertain
social structure
Banking crisis and Iraq
Freedom to do what?
21
23. General enlightenment – the ways in
which social arrangements shape
our lives; sociology affects public
understanding. (I’m just plain
curious. And you?)
23
24. The possibility for designing solutions –
sociologists can function as advisors, and
can recommend solutions to social
problems as a way of influencing public
policy. To wit:
24
From ASA Footnotes, July/August 2002, by Lee
Herring, ASA Director of Communications
“Sociology’s presence on Capitol Hill has increased
this spring, as ASA has collaborated with sister social
science organizations to co-sponsor or participate on
speaker panels conducting four high-visibility
congressional briefings.”
25. Sociology is an empirical discipline
It relies on evidence
Is systematic observation and experimentation
Is verifiable through independent observation
There is a demand for proof (hunches are for
direction only)
25
26. It is a public venture
Results are public for other’s verification
(peer review)
Open discussion and examination of
research
Conclusions are never final or absolute-
they are open to question
26
27. Questioning public assumptions – Peter
Berger’s “debunking motif” comes to
mind, or the notion of urban legends.
(Alligators in the sewer, California falling
off the continent Nostradamus and the
apocalypse.)
27
28. Identifying social problems – calling
attention to hidden, ignored, or
misunderstood social problems;
Example: family violence. The first
national survey on family violence was
done in 1976 and surprised the public in
that it showed family violence as a
pervasive phenomena.
28
35. to understand that we are more similar to each
other than different.
the struggle of the sociologist is in having to
face more problems than solutions.
a politician who has not taken a rigorous
course in sociology should not be allowed to
run for office.
things are not what they seem.
35
36. the ability of the Bourgeoisie to lay down their
arms
the ultimate "power to the people”
the ruthless criticism of all that exists
to consider the possiblity of the existence of a
middle class
36
37. how we all want essentially the same things in
life.
the concept of the functionalist view of society
as an organism.
that each of us has at least one personal
trouble
how history and biography meet.
37
38. how psychology is more useful than sociology
in looking at people's behavior
that the larger the group the more powerful the
dynamics of their behavior
discovering the difference between personal
troubles to public issues
how behaviorism as a science best explains our
behavior
38
39. why doesn't this person simply clean up and
get a job
I'm certainly glad that I have never stooped so
low as to beg
Is that person is a drug addict or an alcoholic
what social events may have caused or
contributed to his or her condition
39
41. how social problems tend to emerge from
personal psychological pathologies
avoidable when law enforcement focus on small
crimes to prevent larger ones
that a small number of individuals constitutes a
personal trouble while with large numbers there
may be a social problem
that all it takes is for two or more people to have
the same troubles to constitute a social problem
41
42. was more interested in spiritual affairs than
material ones.
was obsessed with savings and wealth
accumulation.
was superficially satisfied, but inwardly
anxious, and dishonest about admitting it to
themselves
considered itself to be superior to other
cultures in every way.
42
43. a person's need for security
only external forces
similarities in groups with the same needs
contradictions
43
44. relies upon evidence
is systematic in its approach to analyzing social
events
is verifiable through independent observation
All of the above.
44