2. THE VOWEL INVENTORY
centra
Front back
l
The picture below show the
mouth cavity and it is
equivalent grid in which the
tonge is moved up-down or
back to utter the vowel sound
sprea neutra rounde
d l d

3. VOWELS DIPHTHONGS VOWEL PRODUCTION
Is a speech sound
When vowels occur in The aspects consederer
produced by human
combinations, they are to determine the vowel
beings when the breath
called diphthongs, features are as follows:
flows out throught
Every vowel is voiced in
vowels are both languages; vowel
characterized by the A diphthong starts in quality are clssified as
relative height/ one position and moves simple and complex.
frontness of the tonge to another position or Other is tongue position:
and relaativerounding viceversa. high middle low.
of the lips Area these are front
central or back

4. SPANISH VOWEL PHONEME QUADRANT
area
front central back
T /i/
o
high
/u/
n
t
g e
e n
/o/
mid
s
p /e/ e
o
si
low
ti
o /a/
n
Spread neutral rounded
Lip shape

5. /iy/ /uw/
/I/ /ʊ/
/ey/
/ə/
/ɛ/ /ow/
/æ/ /ɔ/
/a/

6. /i/ /y/ /u/
/e/ /ø/ /o/
/ə/
/ɛ/ /œ/ /ɔ/
/ / /œ/ /ɔ/
/ã/ /∝/

7. Phonemic and phonetic
vowel contrast
monophthongs
Is a single vowel
articulated without
change in a quality
throughout the course
of a syllable

8. Spanish The fronto section of
the tongue rises to
make contact both
both sides of the
/i/
upper lateral teeth
sides of the upper
lateral teeth
English Tonge is positioned
forward and high in
with the teeth
laterally and the tip
/IY/
the oral cavity with positioned behind
the sides in contact the lower teeth
English The tonge is positined
forward and slightly
lower, with the sides
and the tip
positineed behind
/I/ in contact with the
teeth laterally
the lower teeth.

9. SPANISH /e/ with ENGLISH /ey/ and /ɛ/
English /ɛ/
Spanish /e/ English /ey/
The tonge is positioned
The dorso section of The tonge is positioned forward and high in the
the tonge reaches the forward and high in the oral cavity with the sides
borders of the hard oral cavity with it is sides in contact with the
palatal making a in contact with the lateral lateral teeth and the tip
groove between the teeth. The lips are spread placed behind the lower
tongue and the palatal. and retracted. teeth. The lips are spread
and retracted.

10. SPANISH /a/ with
ENGLISH /a/ and /æ/
English English Spanish
/a/ / æ/ /a/
The dorso
section of the The tonge is
tongue moves The tongue
slightly back and
upwards positioned slightly
low in the oral
gently to the forward and low in
cavity with the tip
central area of the oral cavity with
of the tonge
the oral cavity the apex positioned
placing behind
the tongue behind the lower
the lower front
remains teeth.
teeth.
moveless.

11. ENGLISH /ə/
The schwa is the
common vowel in
spoken english ant it is
a quite short vowel
sound in many ligtly
pronounced
unstressed syllables
inmultisyllabic words.
The tonge is positioned in
the middle of the oral
cavity
Occurs in english but it does
not in spanish.
The schwa happens mostly
as part of unstressed
syllables

14. ENGLISH DIPHTHONG CHART
/iy/ /uw/
/a/ /ɔ/

16. /i/
/u/
/e/ /o/
/a/

17. ENGLISH AND SPANISH
DIPHTHONGS
English and spanish
English and spanish
diphthong /ay/
diphthong /aw/
This diphthong production is
This diphthong production is
pretty similar in both
similar in both languages. The
languages. The picture
picture sequence show the
sequence show how the
tongue moves from the low-
tongue moves from the low-
central position to the high-
front central position to the
back position. The lip change
high-front position. The lips
their shape from neutra to
change their shape from
rounded during this diphthong
neutral to spread during this
production.
diphthong production

18. ENGLISH AND
SPANISH
DIPHTHONG
/oy/ / /ɔy/
English Spanish
/ɔy/ /oy/
The tongue
the tongue
moves from
moves from
mid-low
the mid
back position
backposition
to high front
to the high
position. The
front.lips are
lips are
rounded and
rounded
become
become
spread.
spread.

19. SPANISH RISING
DIPHTHONGS
Is voiced,complex non adjancent glide, high front
/y becoming low central tense spread becoming
a/ neutral
/ye Voiced complex-adjacent glide high front becoming
/ low front tense spreads
/yo Voiced. Complex-non adjacent glide high front
/ becoming mid back tense spread bocoming
rounded
/y Voiced complex-non adjacent glide high front
w/ bocoming mid back tense spread becoming
rounded.
Voiced complex-non adjacent glide high back
/w
becoming low central tense rounded becoming
a/ neutral
Voiced complex-non adjacent glide high back
/w
becoming mid front tense rounded becoming
e/ spread.
/w Voiced complex non adjacent glide high back
becoming high front tense rounded becoming
y/
spread.
/w Voiced complex adjacent glide high back
o/ becoming mid tense rounded.

20. THE CONSONANT INVENTORY
Used primarily for breathing and eating secondarily for
speaking constrcting airflow in the mouth at various
points, we make the distinctive sounds for human
speech. The vocal tract has active and passive
articulators. They are also know as articulators and points
articulation.
ARTICULATORY BASIS
Four principal dimiensions are considered when
regarding “consonant articulation” voicing
articulator and point of the articulation cavity
and manner.

21. with the sound
quality produced
by the vocal VOICING
cords. When
vocal cords
vibrated, it is said
to be voiced;
otherwise, it is
siad to be
voiceless
Voiced voiceless
consonant
A simple
s.
explanation of
voiced Voiceless consonants
consonants is do not used the voice.
that they used They are percussive
the voice. This is and hard sounds. You
easy to test by can test if a consonant
putting your is voiceless by putting
finger on your your finger on your
throat. throat

22. ARTICULATOR AND POINT OF
ARTICULATION
Manner
The Point the of
articulat
Is the articulati cavity
articulati
or
doer of on on
the Is any part It
It refers to the
articulatio of the concern way how air
n and mouth s the flows out
moves that can place during the
freely be where production of
enough reached air goes a sound. The
to be by the through. sound might
active in It can be stop
articulator.
the fricative nasal
It is also be the
lateral vibrant
apeech. known as mouth affricateor a
It is also Major or nasal continuant.
known as passive cavity. The manner of
Major articulator consonants
Active
Articulato

23. PHONEMIC AND
PHONETIC
CONSONANT
CONTRAST
STOP OR
PLOSIVE
The active articulator English and Spanish
touches the passive stops include: /p/. /b/
articuator and /p/. /d/,/k/. /g/.If /p/,
completely the /t/. or/k/ are
airflow through the pronounced at the
mouth beginning of an English
word, a strong puff of
breath will be felt it is
The puff of air creates a called aspiration
variation of the basic
phoneme in English . To prove
this, say “ tip” the aspiration
will be felt or move the paper
slip. If /p/,/t or /k// are
pronounced in the middle or
end of a word, that aspiration
will not be there..

24. PHONEMIC AND PHONETIC CONSONANT CONTRAST OF
CONTRAST. ENGLISH AND
SPANISH STOPS
The active articulator touches the
passive articulator and completely
cuts of the airflow through the mouth.
STOP OR English and spanish stops include: /p/
PLOSIVE /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/. If /p/ /t/ or /k/ are
pronounced at the beginning of an
english words a strong puff of breath
will be felt. It is called aspiration
HOMORGANIC
This refers to sounds made at the
SOUNDS same place of articulation
literally, with the same organ.

25. HOMORGANIC
SOUND
In phonetic, this , but with most
refers to sound sound the organ is
made at the same even though the
ten tongue so in
place of lower lip also
these cases it refers
articulation, literally porduces
to which point in
with the same or homorganic sound
the oral cavity the
organ tongue is touching

26. English
Position /p/ [ph ] [p] [pˈ] [p-]
I X X X
M X X X
F X X
The /p/ phonemic distribution is: total
The /p/ phonetic distribution is : partial,
complementary and free variation.

27. /p-b/PRODUCTION PICTURE
There are in fact
English and Spanish /p/ several degrees of
/b/ use the same organ to aspiration in english it
be uttered. The dimension is quite strong in initial
that makes them sound position before a
differently is voicing stressed vowel as in
Spanish spelling:<p> patron/ “pen” and some
pa'tron , capa /'kapa/ what less strong in
medial position
English spelling <p> pick / pick/
happy /hæpIy/ As it is perceptible speakers
d not aspirate any voiceless
stop sound in word initial
there are several way to position in English
demonstrate aspiration of the furthermore this/p/ sound in
voiceless stops/P/ b// /t/ in word- final position tends to
teaching the proper be pronounced like the
pronunciation. voiceless

28. /t-d/ PHONEMIC AND PHONETIC
FEATURES.
/t/ PHONEMIC AND /d/ PHONEMIC AND
PHONETIC FEATURES. PHONETIC FEATURES.
BOTH SPANISH AND ENGLISH USE THE SAME
PHONOLOGICAL SYMBOL /d/. IT IS, IN
/t/, THE CONSONANT QUALITY DIFFERS DUE TO THE
SPANISH, VOICED, APICO-DENTAL, ORAL,
POINT OF ARTICULATION. THUS, SPANISH /t/ IS
STOP AND HAS FOUR ALLOPHONES: [d]
VOICELESS, APICO-DENTAL, ORAL, STOP. THIS
PHONEME PRESENTS JUST ONE ALLOPHONE: [t] IS VOICED, APICO-DENTAL, ORAL, STOP; [-δ-]
VOICELESS, APICO-ALVEOLAR, ORAL, STOP AND HAS VOICED, APICO-INTERDENTAL, ORAL,
SEVEN VARIANTS: [tʰ-] VOICELESS, APICO-ALVEOLAR, FRICATIVE (OTHER SYMBOL IS [đ] WHICH IS
ORAL, STOP, STRONGLY ASPIRATED, [-t-] VOICELESS, UTTERED WHEN FOUND BETWEEN VOWELS,
APICO-ALVEOLAR, ORAL, STOP, UNASPIRATED, [- ɾ-] AFTER THE FLAP SOUND /ɾ/ AND A VOICED
VOICELESS, APICO-ALVEOLAR, ORAL, FLAP. /t/ IS CONSONANT SOUND; [-θ] VOICELESS,
BETWEEN VOWELS AND THE STRESS ISPLACED ON A APICO-INTERDENTAL, ORAL, FRICATIVE.. IN
PREVIOUS SYLLABLE, [- ʔ-] VOICELESS, GLOTTAL, STOP, ENGLISH, THE /d/ SOUND IS VOICED,
NASAL, RELEASED WHICH OCCURS IN FINAL-WORD APICO-ALVEOLAR, ORAL, STOP AND THREE
POSITION BETWEEN A VOWEL AND AN <-n>, v [-t]
ALLOPHONES MIGHT BE FOUND: [d]
VOICELESS, APICO-ALVEOLAR, NASALIZED, STOP, [-t']
VOICED, APICO-ALVEOLAR, ORAL, STOP; [-
VOICELESS, APICO-ALVEOLAR, ORAL, STOP,
UNRELEASED, AND [-t -̍] VOICELESS, APICO- ɾ-] VOICED, APICO-ALVEOLAR, ORAL, FLAP
ALVEOLAR, ORAL, STOP, RELEASED. , (OTHER SOUND OCCURS JUST IN
INTERVOCALIC POSITIONBEFORE UN
EXEMPLES: UNSTRESSED SYLLABLE; r [-ʔ-] v VOICELESS,
GLOTTAL, STOP, NASAL, RELEASED).
SPANISH: <resta> ['resta]
EXEMPLE:
ENGLISH: <hoped> [‘howpt]
SPANISH: <d> andar /an'daɾ/
ENGLISH: <d> date /‘deyt/

29. strongly aspirated
Spanish and [-p-] voiceless,
english voiceless, bilabial, oral, stop
/P/ PHONETIC bilabial, oral,. Stop, unaspirated[-p’],
however spanihs voiceless, bilabial,
AND PHONEMIC has just one oral, stop
DISTRIBUTION allophone unreleased, [-p-]
[p]voiceless, voiceless, bilabial,
bilabial, oral, stop, oral, stop
released.

30. CONTRASTIVE TRANSFER ANALYSIS
In light of the fact that l2
pronunciation error are often caused The fact that native of English
by the transfer of well established can recognize foreign accent
sound systems, it is important to in ESL/EFL learners speech such
examine some of the characteristic as Spanish accent or any other
phonological different between ones is a clear.
Spanish and English
Such observation
of L2 pronunciation Although
Contrastive transfer
error above, in contrastive analysis assists languages
turn naturally has often been learners and teachers to
suggestion the criticized for its identify easily the sound
critical need for inadequacy to to be learned, improved
teachers to predict the transfer or emphasized in their
become more error that learners production in order to
aware of the will make in actual
impact that
have a more affective
learning contexts
learners level of communication.

31. For student who have mastered the
ipa phonetic transcriptions can
improve their understanding of the
importance
This manner of
However, when
speaking greatly
speaking to
CONTEXTUALIZE influences, and
native speakers,
sometimes even
student are often D PHONETIC changes, the
surprise ay how TRASCRIPTION pronunciation of
the phonetic
single word.
traanscription
These words have a
strong and a weak
form whose
pronunciation will
depend on some
factors

32. STRONG AND WEAK FORMS
In connected speech, many of the small
words we use very frequently tend to take
on a different shape from the one listed in
the dictionary.
Function words are essentially closed
class words, such as pronouns,
prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries,
etc.

33. /B/ PHONEMIC AND
PHONETIC FEATURES
Both Spanish and English Spanish has two allophones:
/b/ sound is voiced, [b] voiced, bilabial, oral.
bilabial, oral, stop Stop,
[-b] or [-b-] are some
[-β-]voiced bilabial oral, arbitrary symbols that
fricative, which ocurs can be found in
after /i7, /r/ between none official IPA
vowels as well as notation
between a vowel

34. Despite the fact that
Spanish and English use the
same phonological symbols
/t/ the consonant quality
differs due to the point of
articulation
English /t/ is This phonemes
voiceless, apico presents just one
dental oral, stop allophones [t] is
and has seven voiceless, apico
variant [tʰ-] dental, oral, stop
voiceless, apico /t/PHONEMIC AND unaspirated.
alveolar, oral, stop, PHONETIC FEATURES
strongly aspirated
[-ɾ-]] [-t-] voiceless
apico
voiceless
alveolar ,
apico
oral, stop
alveolar ,
unaspirated
oral, flap.
([t̯][ţ]̧[r])

35. /d/ PONEMIC AND PHONETIC FEATURES
[d] voiced, apico –
BOTH SPANISH AND ENBLISH USE THE SAME dental, oral, stop,
PHONILOGICAL SYMBOLS/D7, Ts is in
Spanish, voiced apico dental, oral, stop [-ð-]] voiced, apico
and has four allophones – inerdental, oral,
fricative
Which is uttered
when found [-φ] zero allophone
between vowels, which depending on
after the flap sound the dialect might occur
/r/, and between a in middle and or final
vowel and voiced word position
consonant sound.

36. The /k/ sound keeps
the same features in
both languages:
voiceless dorsovelar,
oral, stop
[-k-] voiceless
However, they differ in dorso velar stop.
/k/PHONEMIC their phonetic analysis. Strongly
AND PHONETIC unaspirated
FEATURES
The english /k/
The Spanish /k/ has has four
one allophone [k] allophones [Kʰ-]
voiceless, dorso-
velar, oral, stop, voiceless, dorso
unaspirated. velar, oral, stop,
strongly aspirated,

37. /g/ PHONEMIC AND PHONETIC
FEATUIRES
Both languages have phonemically
the same /g/ sound: voiced, dorso-
velar. Oral, stop
Spanish has three variations [g]
voiced dorso- velar, oral, stop; [-ɤ-]
voiced dorso- velar oral, fricative ([ɡ̷])which
occurs between vowel sound after /ɾ/ and
/I/.
And between a vowel sound and a voiced
consonant; [φzero allophones. English has one
allophone: voiced dorso velar, oral, stop

38. CONTRAST OF
ENGLISH AND
SPANISH
FRICATIVES
When fricative souds
are produced, the the airflow through
articulator partially the opening becomes
touches the point of turbulent.
articulation and gets
close enough
Although the letter
of different dialects
Spanish has a wide <v> is part of the
may face different
dialectal variation, Spanish alphabet, it is
pronounciation
consequently speakers pronounced like the
problems
stop [b] or fricative

39. /f/ PHONEMIC AND PHONETIC FEATURES
SPANISH ENGLISH
Has two allophones Has one allophone
.
f/voiceless, labiodental, oral,
fricative; /φ/ voiceless, bilabial, f/ voiceless, bilabial, oral,
oraal, fricative which is used in fricative.
free variation
REMINDER: Many english.nouns ending in/f/ change inti /v/ went the plural
ending is added. This process is known as a morphophonemic change.
. .

40. /s/ PRODUCTION
. /s/ voiceless, apico-alveolar, oral, fricative.
/s/ PHONEMIC AND PHONETIC FEATURES
Both languages have the /s/ sound which is voiceless, apico-
alveolar,oral, fricative.
English variants:
[s] [-s̻-]

41. /z/ PRODUCTION
/z/ PHONEMIC AND
PHONETIC
FEATURES
/z/ voiced, apico-
alveolar, oral,
fricative Both languages have
the /s/ sound which is
voiceless, apico-
alveolar,oral
because of its
positional variation
fricative.In Spanish
and it is an allophone.
the [z] sound occurs
English has one before a voiced
allophone: [z] consonant sound

42. PHONEMIC
AND
PHONETIC
FEATURES/Ө/
The voiceless,
[Ө] is voceless, apico-
apico- interdental, oral,
interdental, oral, fricative, / Ө /,
fricative exists in both
languages
The English / Ө with the
/ sound has no distinction than
phonetic in Spanish it is
variation. an allophone
Consequently, while in English
its allophene it is a phoneme

43. Examples:
This /ʃ/ sound
English
/ʃ/ PHONEMIC occurs
exclusively in Propulsion
AND PHONETIC /pɹə‘pəlʃən/
FEATURES English has one
Permission
allophone [ʃ]
/pəɹ'mɪʃən/

44. /ʒ /PRODUCTION
The English /ʒ /
/ʒ/ Sound occurs in English only middle sounds features
and final position are voiced, fronto-
palatal, oral
Examples
allophone which Garage /gə'ɹaʒ/
, groove, fricative,
keeps the same <si>ocacion /ə‘keyʒən/
and has an
features as it s <s>measure /mɛʒəɹ/
allophone
phoneme. <g> regime /ɹeyɪ'ʒiym/
<z> azure /'æʒəɹ

45. Oral Dorso velar
/x /SPANISH
PRODUCTION
/x /Is a sound which
exists particularly in
Voiceless Spanish.
Fricative This phoneme has
three allophones
[x] voiceless, dorso- which may occur in
Examples velar,oral,fricative. free variation
<j>jarabe /xa'ɾabe/ regarding the
[h] voiceless,
<g>girasol /xiɾa‘sol/ glottal,oral,fricative. position. This are
<x>Xavier /xa'byeɾ/ [Ø] zero allophone

46. /h / PRODUCTION
ENGLISH-SPANISH
Oral
Spanish /h /has an
Glotta allophone of [x]
Fricative used by people
front the coastal
Voiceless
region.
[-ɦ-] voiceless,
glottal, oral,
fricative, and This phoneme in
happens just English has two
between voiced allophones. This are
sounds
[h] voiceless, glottal,
oral, fricative.

47. CONTRAST OF ENGLISH AND SPANISH
AFFRICATES
Those consonants have the same or similar
places of articulation.
ENGLISH AFFRICATES SPANISH AFFRICATES
/tʃ/ [tʃ] /tʃ/ [tʃ]
[dʒ]

48. /dʒ/ PRODUCTION
ENGLISH-SPANISH
Spanish spellings: /ʤ/ does not exist as a phoneme
In english its occurs as phoneme and allophone
/ʤ/voiced, apico alveolar, lamino, fronto palatal,
oral affricate
Examples of English <jam> /ʤæm/
<larger> /laɹʤəɹ/
<large> /laɹʤ

49. When we pronounce this consonants,
the air to flow out through the nasal
cavity.
Contrastive nasal sound chart
Articulator and point articulation
bilabial Apico Dorso Dorso
alveolar velar palatal
E /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ -
S /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ /ɲ/
vd vd vd vd
ALL OF THEM ARE VOICED, OCCLUSIVE,
CONTINUANT

50. /m/ PRODUCTION
ENGLISH-SPANISH
The /m/sounds is similar
in both languages:[m]
voiced, bilabial, nasal, SPANISH
occlusive, continuant
ENGLISH.
The /m/ phoneme has [-ɱ-] voiced, labiodental, The /m/ phoneme has
three allophones: nasal, occlusive, one allophone:
continuant which occurs
[m] voiced, bilabial, nasal, before the voiceless [m] voiced, bilabial, nasal,
occlusive, continuant labiodental fricative. occlusive, continuant

51. /ŋ/ PHONEMIC AND PHONETIC
FEATURES
[-ņ-] is
voiced,
dorso-velar,
Both nasal , REMINDER
languages occlusive,
In english, continuant. The
have the [ŋ] is
/ŋ/ is a Syllabic spanish
/ŋ/ sound. In Spanish, voiced,
phoneme. which [ŋ] occurs
It voiced, is /ŋ/ is dorso-velar,
The english happens in free
voiced, allophone nasal ,
/ŋ/ has to just in vatiation
dorso-velar, of /n/. occlusive,
possible contextual in final-
nasal , continuant.
allophones speech
occlusive,
between 2
word
continuant position
any dorso
velar
sound, /k-g-
x/

52. /ɲ/ PHONEMIC AND
PHONETIC FEATURES
The /ɲ/ sound belong
particulary to Spanish.
Both the phoneme and
its allopone keep the
same features:
/ɲ/ is voiced, dorso-
palatal, nasal , occlusive, • The /ɲ/ sound occurs
continuant. in spanish, french and
Italian.
• English speakers
have the tendency
REMINDER to tendency to
pronunce/ny/ due
to its absence in the
english consonant
inventory

53. When an /l/
Sounds like English lateral
is formed, the
this with only incluides
CONTRAST tongue tip
airflow along /l/. Spanish
OF ENGLISH touches the
the sides of laterals
AND SPANISH alveolar
the tongue includes /l/
LATERALS ridge (or
are called
maybe the and /ʎ/
lateral
upper teeth)

54. /l/ PHONEMIC Spanish variants English
AND PHONETIC •[l] voiced, apico- allophones are:
FEATURES alveolar , oral, lateral •[l] voiced, apico-
•English and spanish •[˛l] voiceless, apico- alveolar , oral, lateral
have the /l/ sound alveolar , oral, lateral •[˛l] voiceless, apico-
which is voiced, •[ l̪ ] ] voiced, apico- alveolar , oral, lateral
apico-alveolar , oral,
lateral dental , oral, lateral, •[-ɫ] voiced, dorso-
which occurs before velar, oral, dark,
•English has more a dental sound /t-d/
allophones than lateral
spanish •[-˛ɫ] voiced, dorso-
velar, oral, dark,
lateral, syllabic,
which occurs in final-
word position

55. In Ecuador and
The /ʎ/ some other
sound countries of Latin
America some
belong variants many
happen: [ʎ]
particulary
/ʎ/ voiced, fronto-
PHONEMIC to spanish. palatal, oral,
lateral
AND It is
[y] voiced,
PHONETIC voiced, fronto-palatal,
FEATURES fronto- oral, groove,
frcative
palatal, These may
oral, happen in free
variation
lateral.

56. The /ɹ/sound of
english is called a
retroflex
The english R-sound
certainly count as an Retroflex sounds are
CONTRAST OF
apico-postalveolar and made with the
ENGLISH AND
has a legitimate claim tongue tip curled
SPANISH R-
on the symbol even back
SOUNDS
without a retracted
diacritic.
Yetthe symbol for
it appears in the
IPA chart in the
dental-alveolar-
palatalveolar
mega-column

57. CONTRASTIVE R-SOUNDS
CHART
ARTICULATOR AND POINT OF ARTICULATION
Apico Apico Apico
post alveolar alveolar
alveolar
english /ɹ/ [ɾ] - oral
spanish - /ɾ/ /r/ oral
retroflex flap trill
vd vd vd
voicing

58. • Despite the fact we may refer to r-
sounds in both languages, Spanish
and English use different
phonological symbols which implies
different manners of producing
them in spanish and english
• SPAINISH /ɾ/ is voiced,apico-alveolar,oral,flap or
R-PHONEMIC AND tap.it has the following variants: [ɾ] voiced,apico-
PHONETIC FEATURES alveolar,oral,flap;[ŗ] voiceless, apico-
alveolar,oral,flap; [ŗ] voiced, apico-
dental.oral.fap.
• ENGLISH, it /ɹ/ is voiced, apico
postalveolar,oral,approximant,reflex and it has
the following possibilities: [ɹ] voiced, apico-
postalveolar,oral,retroflex, semiconsonant,[ɹ]
voiceless, apico-postalveolar,oral,retroflex.

59. TONGUE TWISTERS
•SPANISH: /r/
•Guerra tenia una parra, y parra
tenía una parra, y la perra de
Parra mordió a la parra de
Guerra:-dígame usted, señor
Guerra ¿Por qué le a pagado
con la porra a la parra ?-
porque si la parra de Parra no
hubiese mordido a `la parra de
Guerra, Guerra no le hubiese
pagado con la porra a la
perra.

60. /W/ PHONEMIC AND PHONETIC FEATURES
In spanish, there following variants spacially as part of a diphong:
[w-] voiced, bilabial-dorso-velar,oral semiconsonant; [-u] voiced,
bilabial-dorso-velar.oral semi vowel :[w]voiced,bilabial-dorso-
velar,oral semiconsonant.[g] color.
English as well as in spanish, the following allophones are part of
diphongs or glided sounds:
[w-] voiced.bilabial-dorso-velar. Oral,semiconsonat; [-u] voiced,
bilabial-dorso-velar, oral, semivowel.
The /w/ approximant sound occurs in both languages. It is voiced,
bilavial-dorso-velar, oral, appoximant.