This paper presents the first steps of a project to convert the notable Italian "Zeri photo archive" to a linked and open dataset. The full project entails the analysis of the records’ description model (Scheda F) in order to define a suitable ontology by exploring existing data models, the creation of the RDF triple store, the creation of links to the cloud, and the definition of the user interface for browsing the linked open dataset. This paper presents and discusses the conceptual modeling of the data stored in the Zeri archival database.

1. Zeri e LODE
Extracting the Zeri photo archive to Linked Open Data:
formalizing the conceptual model
Ciro Mattia Gonano – ciromattia@gmail.com
Francesca Mambelli – francesca.mambelli6@unibo.it
Silvio Peroni – silvio.peroni@unibo.it
Francesca Tomasi – francesca.tomasi@unibo.it
Fabio Vitali – fabio@cs.unibo.it
Digital Libraries 2014
ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL 2014)
International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries (TPDL 2014)
London, 8th-12th September 2014
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

2. Summary
• The Zeri Photo Archive
✦ Zeri’s legacy
✦ Zeri Foundation
✦ “Zeri e LODE” project
• F Entry Ontology
✦ Main ontological entities
✦ Examples and queries
✦ Mapping to CIDOC-CRM
• Conclusions

3. The Zeri Photo Archive

4. Federico Zeri
• Federico Zeri (August 21, 1921 - October 5, 1998) was an Italian art
historian, and a specialist in Italian Renaissance painting
• During his life, he collected 290,000 photographs of artworks and
monuments, that he organised, expanded and improved throughout his
entire career creating one of the most important photo collection in the
world on art history
• Federico Zeri considered the photo archive a fundamental tool for
studying as well as for philological analysis of the artworks
• Complex cross-reference system, in the form of handwritten and printed
annotations on the photos
✦ provenance
✦ attributions
✦ restoration

5. Federico Zeri
• Federico Zeri (August 21, 1921 - October 5, 1998) was an Italian art
historian, and a specialist in Italian Renaissance painting
• During his life, he collected 290,000 photographs of artworks and
monuments, that he organised, expanded and improved throughout his
entire career creating one of the most important photo collection in the
world on art history
• Federico Zeri considered the photo archive a fundamental tool for
studying as well as for philological analysis of the artworks
• Complex cross-reference system, in the form of handwritten and printed
annotations on the photos
✦ provenance
✦ attributions
✦ restoration
An example of some metadata written on a photograph of
Mona Lisa
http://www.fondazionezeri.unibo.it/foto/80000/78800/78415.jpg
(Ed.ni Brogi) 19637. PARIGI. Museo del Louvre. Testa della Gioconda; Leonardo da Vinci. (Riprod. interdetta).

6. Federico Zeri
• Federico Zeri (August 21, 1921 - October 5, 1998) was an Italian art
historian, and a specialist in Italian Renaissance painting
• During his life, he collected 290,000 photographs of artworks and
monuments, that he organised, expanded and improved throughout his
entire career creating one of the most important photo collection in the
world on art history
• Federico Zeri considered the photo archive a fundamental tool for
studying as well as for philological analysis of the artworks
• Complex cross-reference system, in the form of handwritten and printed
annotations on the photos
✦ provenance
✦ attributions
✦ restoration
(Ed.ni Brogi) 19637. PARIGI. Museo del Louvre. Testa della Gioconda; Leonardo da Vinci. (Riprod. interdetta).
author of the
id location of the artwork
subject of the
author of the
permissions
photograph
(city) (building)
photograph
artwork
An example of some metadata written on a photograph of
Mona Lisa
http://www.fondazionezeri.unibo.it/foto/80000/78800/78415.jpg
Brogi 19637 Paris Louvre Museum Mona Lisa’s head Leonardo da Vinci Not to be reproduced

7. The Zeri Photo Archive
• Federico Zeri Foundation (http://www.fondazionezeri.unibo.it/)
✦ constituted in 2002
✦ focus: make accessible to scholars and students all Zeri’s photographs by cataloguing,
digitalising and making them available online
• Cataloguing, issues:
✦ to adopt an entry that was compatible with national catalographic standards issued by the
Italian Cultural Heritage Ministry and structured to respect the specificity and organisation
of the Zeri Library
✦ to save and standardise all the levels of information on the photographs, combined with
that of conveying the hierarchical structure of the Zeri Library

8. Scheda F
• Each record includes two primary catalogue units:
✦ one describing the photograph (Scheda F, or F Entry in English)
✦ the other describing the artwork represented in such photograph (Scheda OA, or OA Entry in English)
• These two entries and their connections give rise to a symmetrical database that allows two-sided
research by users and transversal navigation
• Scheda F is a standard of the Italian
Central Institute for Cataloging and
Documentation, and allows us to
record:
✦ photographer
✦ chronology of the positive
✦ place and date of the shot
✦ location and classification of the photo
✦ previous locations of the photo
✦ technical data of the photograph
✦ editing and publishing
✦ copyright
✦ codes
✦ subject
✦ title
✦ state of preservation

9. Scheda F
• Each record includes two primary catalogue units:
✦ one describing the photograph (Scheda F, or F Entry in English)
✦ the other describing the artwork represented in such photograph (Scheda OA, or OA Entry in English)
• These two entries and their connections give rise to a symmetrical database that allows two-sided
research by users and transversal navigation
• Scheda F is a standard of the Italian
Central Institute for Cataloging and
Documentation, and allows us to
record:
✦ photographer
✦ chronology of the positive
✦ place and date of the shot
✦ location and classification of the photo
✦ previous locations of the photo
✦ technical data of the photograph
✦ editing and publishing
✦ copyright
✦ codes
✦ subject
✦ title
✦ state of preservation
An excerpt of the XML exportation of a Scheda F of a
photograph included in the Zeri Foundation’s Library
<SCHEDA intestazione="Gabinetto Fotografico della Soprintendenza Speciale per il !
Patrimonio Storico, Artistico ed Etnoantropologico e per il Polo Museale della città di !
Firenze , Roma - Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Corsini. Beato Angelico - !
Particolare" sercdf="112321" sercdoa="12725">
<PARAGRAFO etichetta="CLASSIFICATION">
<SERCD etichetta="SERCD">112321</SERCD>
<SERCDOA etichetta="SERCDOA">12725</SERCDOA>
<INVN etichetta="Inventory number">34927</INVN>
<UBFP etichetta="Collection">Fototeca Zeri</UBFP>
<UBFS etichetta="Archive series">Pittura italiana</UBFS>
<UBFN etichetta="Container number">0146</UBFN>
<UBFT etichetta="Container heading">Pittura italiana sec. XV. Firenze. Beato !
Angelico: tavole minori, affreschi</UBFT>
<UBFF etichetta="Folder number">1</UBFF>
<UBFU etichetta="Folder heading">Beato Angelico: piccoli trittici</UBFU>
<UBFC etichetta="Shelfmark">PI_0146/1/12</UBFC>
</PARAGRAFO>
<PARAGRAFO etichetta="SUBJECT">
<SGTI etichetta="Subject">Giudizio Universale, Ascensione di Cristo, !
Pentecoste</SGTI>
<OGTD etichetta=“Object">dipinto</OGTD>!
…
</PARAGRAFO>!
…!
</SCHEDA>

10. Scheda F
• Each record includes two primary catalogue units:
✦ one describing the photograph (Scheda F, or F Entry in English)
✦ the other describing the artwork represented in such photograph (Scheda OA, or OA Entry in English)
• These two entries and their connections give rise to a symmetrical database that allows two-sided
research by users and transversal navigation
• Scheda F is a standard of the Italian
Central Institute for Cataloging and
Documentation, and allows us to
record:
✦ photographer
✦ chronology of the positive
✦ place and date of the shot
✦ location and classification of the photo
✦ previous locations of the photo
✦ technical data of the photograph
✦ editing and publishing
✦ copyright
✦ codes
✦ subject
✦ title
✦ state of preservation
An excerpt of the XML exportation of a Scheda F of a
photograph included in the Zeri Foundation’s Library
<SCHEDA intestazione="Gabinetto Fotografico della Soprintendenza Speciale per il !
Patrimonio Storico, Artistico ed Etnoantropologico e per il Polo Museale della città di !
Firenze , Roma - Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Corsini. Beato Angelico - !
Particolare" sercdf="112321" sercdoa="12725">
<PARAGRAFO etichetta="CLASSIFICATION">
<SERCD etichetta="SERCD">112321</SERCD>
<SERCDOA etichetta="SERCDOA">12725</SERCDOA>
<INVN etichetta="Inventory number">34927</INVN>
<UBFP etichetta="Collection">Fototeca Zeri</UBFP>
<UBFS etichetta="Archive series">Pittura italiana</UBFS>
<UBFN etichetta="Container number">0146</UBFN>
<UBFT etichetta="Container heading">Pittura italiana sec. XV. Firenze. Beato !
Angelico: tavole minori, affreschi</UBFT>
<UBFF etichetta="Folder number">1</UBFF>
<UBFU etichetta="Folder heading">Beato Angelico: piccoli trittici</UBFU>
<UBFC etichetta="Shelfmark">PI_0146/1/12</UBFC>
</PARAGRAFO>
<PARAGRAFO etichetta="SUBJECT">
<SGTI etichetta="Subject">Giudizio Universale, Ascensione di Cristo, !
Pentecoste</SGTI>
<OGTD etichetta=“Object">dipinto</OGTD>!
…
</PARAGRAFO>!
…!
</SCHEDA>
The Scheda F as shown in the
Zeri Foundation website

11. “Zeri e LODE” project
from DB to LOD
The project is organised in 4 steps:
Zeri Foundation
database

12. “Zeri e LODE” project
from DB to LOD
Zeri Foundation
database
F Entry Ontology
OA Entry Ontology
Create the ontology
from E/R model and
data in DB
The project is organised in 4 steps:
1.
Developing ontologies for
Scheda F and Scheda OA

13. “Zeri e LODE” project
from DB to LOD
Zeri Foundation
database
F Entry Ontology
OA Entry Ontology
Create the ontology
from E/R model and
data in DB
SPAR’s
F R B R PROV-O FaBiO
use entities defined in
The project is organised in 4 steps:
1.
Developing ontologies for
Scheda F and Scheda OA 1bis.
Reuse existing
models

14. “Zeri e LODE” project
from DB to LOD
Zeri Foundation
database
F Entry Ontology
OA Entry Ontology
Create the ontology
from E/R model and
data in DB
Convert DB data into RDF
according to the ontologies
SPAR’s
F R B R PROV-O FaBiO
use entities defined in
The project is organised in 4 steps:
1.
Developing ontologies for
Scheda F and Scheda OA
2.
Data conversion
into RDF
1bis.
Reuse existing
models

15. “Zeri e LODE” project
from DB to LOD
Zeri Foundation
database
F Entry Ontology
OA Entry Ontology
Create the ontology
from E/R model and
data in DB
Convert DB data into RDF
according to the ontologies
Add links
to LOD
SPAR’s
F R B R PROV-O FaBiO
use entities defined in
The project is organised in 4 steps:
1.
Developing ontologies for
Scheda F and Scheda OA
2.
Data conversion
into RDF 3.
1bis.
Reuse existing
models
Publishing in LOD
through RDF links

16. “Zeri e LODE” project
from DB to LOD
Zeri Foundation
database
F Entry Ontology
OA Entry Ontology
Create the ontology
from E/R model and
data in DB
Convert DB data into RDF
according to the ontologies
Add links
to LOD
Create a responsive website
based on a public faceted user
interface for browsing RDF data
Different devices for browsing
SPAR’s
F R B R PROV-O FaBiO
use entities defined in
The project is organised in 4 steps:
1.
Developing ontologies for
Scheda F and Scheda OA
2.
Data conversion
into RDF 3.
Publishing in LOD
through RDF links
4.
Developing smart applications
that use such data for real
1bis.
Reuse existing
models

17. F Entry Ontology
(FEO)

18. F Entry Ontology
Available at http://www.essepuntato.it/2014/03/fentry
• SAMOD outcomes:
✦ ontology source
✦ documentation
✦ examples of usage
✦ exemplar queries
• Reuse of ontologies
✦ FRBR: describes online library
catalogues and bibliographic
databases from a user’s
perspective
✦ FaBiO: it allows us to record
and publish on the Semantic
Web bibliographic records of
scholarly endeavours and other
cultural object
✦ PROV-O: used to represent and
interchange provenance
information generated in
different systems and under
different contexts
SAMOD methodology is available at http://www.essepuntato.it/samod

19. F Entry Ontology
Available at http://www.essepuntato.it/2014/03/fentry
• SAMOD outcomes:
✦ ontology source
✦ documentation
✦ examples of usage
✦ exemplar queries
• Reuse of ontologies
✦ FRBR: describes online library
catalogues and bibliographic
databases from a user’s
perspective
✦ FaBiO: it allows us to record
and publish on the Semantic
Web bibliographic records of
scholarly endeavours and other
cultural object
✦ PROV-O: used to represent and
interchange provenance
information generated in
different systems and under
different contexts
SAMOD methodology is available at http://www.essepuntato.it/samod

20. F Entry Ontology
Available at http://www.essepuntato.it/2014/03/fentry
• SAMOD outcomes:
✦ ontology source
✦ documentation
✦ examples of usage
✦ exemplar queries
• Reuse of ontologies
✦ FRBR: describes online library
catalogues and bibliographic
databases from a user’s
perspective
✦ FaBiO: it allows us to record
and publish on the Semantic
Web bibliographic records of
scholarly endeavours and other
cultural object
✦ PROV-O: used to represent and
interchange provenance
information generated in
different systems and under
different contexts
SAMOD methodology is available at http://www.essepuntato.it/samod

21. F Entry Ontology
Available at http://www.essepuntato.it/2014/03/fentry
• SAMOD outcomes:
✦ ontology source
✦ documentation
✦ examples of usage
✦ exemplar queries
• Reuse of ontologies
✦ FRBR: describes online library
catalogues and bibliographic
databases from a user’s
perspective
✦ FaBiO: it allows us to record
and publish on the Semantic
Web bibliographic records of
scholarly endeavours and other
cultural object
✦ PROV-O: used to represent and
interchange provenance
information generated in
different systems and under
different contexts
SAMOD methodology is available at http://www.essepuntato.it/samod

22. Main ontological entities

23. Main ontological entities
• fentry:FEntry
It is the class describing all the documents containing metadata about a
photograph and (some) metadata about the concrete object portrayed by the
photograph. It is subclass of fabio:EntityMetadata, which is used to describe the
photograph and its subject, including for example the name of photograph, the
subject creator, the title of the subject, and the date and place of the shot, etc.

24. Main ontological entities
• fentry:FEntry
It is the class describing all the documents containing metadata about a
photograph and (some) metadata about the concrete object portrayed by the
photograph. It is subclass of fabio:EntityMetadata, which is used to describe the
photograph and its subject, including for example the name of photograph, the
subject creator, the title of the subject, and the date and place of the shot, etc.
• fentry:describes
It allows one to link a Scheda F to the photograph and the portrayed object
the Scheda F describes.

25. Main ontological entities
• fentry:FEntry
It is the class describing all the documents containing metadata about a
photograph and (some) metadata about the concrete object portrayed by the
photograph. It is subclass of fabio:EntityMetadata, which is used to describe the
photograph and its subject, including for example the name of photograph, the
subject creator, the title of the subject, and the date and place of the shot, etc.
• fentry:describes
It allows one to link a Scheda F to the photograph and the portrayed object
the Scheda F describes.
• fentry:Photograph
It is a static, visual representation of some concrete object (or part of it) or a
group of different objects. It is subclass of fabio:StillImage, a class that describe
any recorded static visual representation, such as diagrams, drawings, graphs,
graphic designs, plans, maps, photographs and prints.

26. An examples (in Turtle)
• A Scheda F describes
that
:f-entry-1 a fentry:FEntry ;!
! fentry:describes

27. An examples (in Turtle)
• A Scheda F describes
that
✦ the Federico Zeri
Foundation owns a
photograph
:f-entry-1 a fentry:FEntry ;!
! fentry:describes
! ! :madonna-and-child-photo-item ,
:madonna-and-child-photo-item a fabio:AnalogueItem ;!
! prov:wasAttributedTo :federico-zeri-foundation ;

28. An examples (in Turtle)
• A Scheda F describes
that
✦ the Federico Zeri
Foundation owns a
photograph
:f-entry-1 a fentry:FEntry ;!
! fentry:describes
! ! :madonna-and-child-photo-item ,
! ! :madonna-and-child-photo-work ,
:madonna-and-child-photo-item a fabio:AnalogueItem ;!
! prov:wasAttributedTo :federico-zeri-foundation ;
:madonna-and-child-photo-work a fentry:Photograph ;!
! fabio:hasPortrayal :madonna-and-child-photo-item ;!
! prov:wasAttributedTo :bruckmann ;
✦ the photograph was
authored by the
publisher Bruckmann

29. An examples (in Turtle)
• A Scheda F describes
that
✦ the Federico Zeri
Foundation owns a
photograph
:f-entry-1 a fentry:FEntry ;!
! fentry:describes
! ! :madonna-and-child-photo-item ,
! ! :madonna-and-child-photo-work ,
! ! :madonna-and-child-item ,
:madonna-and-child-photo-item a fabio:AnalogueItem ;!
! prov:wasAttributedTo :federico-zeri-foundation ;
:madonna-and-child-photo-work a fentry:Photograph ;!
! fabio:hasPortrayal :madonna-and-child-photo-item ;!
! prov:wasAttributedTo :bruckmann ;
! frbr:subject :madonna-and-child-item .
✦ the photograph was
authored by the
publisher Bruckmann
✦ the photograph
portrays the Madonna
and Child

30. An examples (in Turtle)
• A Scheda F describes
that
✦ the Federico Zeri
Foundation owns a
photograph
:f-entry-1 a fentry:FEntry ;!
! fentry:describes
! ! :madonna-and-child-photo-item ,
! ! :madonna-and-child-photo-work ,
! ! :madonna-and-child-item ,
! ! :madonna-and-child-work .
:madonna-and-child-photo-item a fabio:AnalogueItem ;!
! prov:wasAttributedTo :federico-zeri-foundation ;
:madonna-and-child-photo-work a fentry:Photograph ;!
! fabio:hasPortrayal :madonna-and-child-photo-item ;!
! prov:wasAttributedTo :bruckmann ;
! frbr:subject :madonna-and-child-item .
:madonna-and-child-work a fabio:ArtisticWork ;!
! prov:wasAttributedTo :leonardo-da-vinci ;!
! fabio:hasPortrayal :madonna-and-child-item .
✦ the photograph was
authored by the
publisher Bruckmann
✦ the photograph
portrays the Madonna
and Child
✦ Madonna and Child was
made by Leonardo da
Vinci

31. An examples (in Turtle)
• A Scheda F describes
that
✦ the Federico Zeri
Foundation owns a
photograph
:f-entry-1 a fentry:FEntry ;!
! fentry:describes
! ! :madonna-and-child-photo-item ,
! ! :madonna-and-child-photo-work ,
! ! :madonna-and-child-item ,
! ! :madonna-and-child-work .
:madonna-and-child-photo-item a fabio:AnalogueItem ;!
! prov:wasAttributedTo :federico-zeri-foundation ;
:madonna-and-child-photo-work a fentry:Photograph ;!
! fabio:hasPortrayal :madonna-and-child-photo-item ;!
! prov:wasAttributedTo :bruckmann ;
! frbr:subject :madonna-and-child-item .
:madonna-and-child-work a fabio:ArtisticWork ;!
! prov:wasAttributedTo :leonardo-da-vinci ;!
! fabio:hasPortrayal :madonna-and-child-item .
:madonna-and-child-creation a prov:Activity ; !
! prov:startedAtTime "1470-01-01T00:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime ; ! prov:endedAtTime "1478-01-01T00:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime ;!
! prov:wasAssociatedWith :leonardo-da-vinci ;!
! prov:generated :madonna-and-child-item .
✦ the photograph was
authored by the
publisher Bruckmann
✦ the photograph
portrays the Madonna
and Child
✦ Madonna and Child was
made by Leonardo da
Vinci
✦ Madonna and Child was
made between 1470
and 1478

32. An examples (in Turtle)
• A Scheda F describes
that
✦ the Federico Zeri
Foundation owns a
photograph
:f-entry-1 a fentry:FEntry ;!
! fentry:describes
! ! :madonna-and-child-photo-item ,
! ! :madonna-and-child-photo-work ,
! ! :madonna-and-child-item ,
! ! :madonna-and-child-work .
:madonna-and-child-photo-item a fabio:AnalogueItem ;!
! prov:wasAttributedTo :federico-zeri-foundation ;
! frbr:partOf :box0360-issue1 .!
!
:box0360-issue1 a fabio:AnalogueItem ;!
! frbr:partOf :box0360 .!
!
:box0360 a fabio:AnalogueItem .
:madonna-and-child-photo-work a fentry:Photograph ;!
! fabio:hasPortrayal :madonna-and-child-photo-item ;!
! prov:wasAttributedTo :bruckmann ;
! frbr:subject :madonna-and-child-item .
:madonna-and-child-work a fabio:ArtisticWork ;!
! prov:wasAttributedTo :leonardo-da-vinci ;!
! fabio:hasPortrayal :madonna-and-child-item .
:madonna-and-child-creation a prov:Activity ; !
! prov:startedAtTime "1470-01-01T00:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime ; ! prov:endedAtTime "1478-01-01T00:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime ;!
! prov:wasAssociatedWith :leonardo-da-vinci ;!
! prov:generated :madonna-and-child-item .
✦ the photograph was
authored by the
publisher Bruckmann
✦ the photograph
portrays the Madonna
and Child
✦ Madonna and Child was
made by Leonardo da
Vinci
✦ Madonna and Child was
made between 1470
and 1478
✦ the photograph is part
of the box 0360, issue 1

33. A query (in SPARQL)
• What are all the photographs that portray some detail of a larger
work?
• When were all the subjects of photographs created and by whom
(if any)?

34. A query (in SPARQL)
• What are all the photographs that portray some detail of a larger
work?
SELECT DISTINCT ?photo ?subj ?part WHERE { !
! ?photo a fentry:Photograph ;!
! ! frbr:subject ?subj .!
! ?subj (^fabio:hasPortrayal|^fabio:hasManifestation)*/frbr:partOf ?part .!
}
• When were all the subjects of photographs created and by whom
(if any)?

35. A query (in SPARQL)
• What are all the photographs that portray some detail of a larger
work?
SELECT DISTINCT ?photo ?subj ?part WHERE { !
! ?photo a fentry:Photograph ;!
! ! frbr:subject ?subj .!
! ?subj (^fabio:hasPortrayal|^fabio:hasManifestation)*/frbr:partOf ?part .!
}
• When were all the subjects of photographs created and by whom
(if any)?
SELECT DISTINCT ?subj ?author ?s ?e WHERE { !
! ?photo a fentry:Photograph ; frbr:subject ?subj .!
! ?activity a prov:Activity ;!
! ! prov:generated ?subj ;!
! ! prov:startedAtTime ?s ;!
! ! prov:endedAtTime ?e!
! OPTIONAL { ?activity prov:wasAssociatedWith ?author } }

36. Mapping Scheda F concepts to CIDOC-CRM
E28 Conceptual Object
E22 Man-Made Object P62 is depicted by E22 Man-Made Object
P108 has produced
E12 Production
P14 performed
P94 has created
E39 Actor
E31 Document
P70 documents P70 documents
P43 has dimension
E54 Dimension
E57 Material
E55 Type
P45 consist of
P32 used technique
E65 Creation
P14 performed
P7 took place P7 took place
E53 Place
P10 falls within P10 falls within
E4 Period
P2 has type

37. Mapping Scheda F concepts to CIDOC-CRM
E28 Conceptual Object
E22 Man-Made Object P62 is depicted by E22 Man-Made Object
P108 has produced
E12 Production
P14 performed
P94 has created
E39 Actor
E31 Document
P70 documents P70 documents
P43 has dimension
E54 Dimension
E57 Material
E55 Type
P45 consist of
P32 used technique
E65 Creation
P14 performed
P7 took place P7 took place
E53 Place
P10 falls within P10 falls within
E4 Period
P2 has type
Scheda F

38. Mapping Scheda F concepts to CIDOC-CRM
E28 Conceptual Object
E22 Man-Made Object P62 is depicted by E22 Man-Made Object
P108 has produced
E12 Production
P14 performed
P94 has created
E39 Actor
E31 Document
P70 documents P70 documents
P43 has dimension
E54 Dimension
E57 Material
E55 Type
P45 consist of
P32 used technique
E65 Creation
P14 performed
P7 took place P7 took place
E53 Place
P10 falls within P10 falls within
E4 Period
P2 has type
Scheda F
Photograph

39. Mapping Scheda F concepts to CIDOC-CRM
E28 Conceptual Object
E22 Man-Made Object P62 is depicted by E22 Man-Made Object
P108 has produced
E12 Production
P14 performed
P94 has created
E39 Actor
E31 Document
P70 documents P70 documents
P43 has dimension
E54 Dimension
E57 Material
E55 Type
P45 consist of
P32 used technique
E65 Creation
P14 performed
P7 took place P7 took place
E53 Place
P10 falls within P10 falls within
E4 Period
P2 has type
Scheda F
Subject
Photograph

40. Mapping Scheda F concepts to CIDOC-CRM
E28 Conceptual Object
E22 Man-Made Object P62 is depicted by E22 Man-Made Object
P108 has produced
E12 Production
P14 performed
P94 has created
E39 Actor
E31 Document
P70 documents P70 documents
P43 has dimension
E54 Dimension
E57 Material
E55 Type
P45 consist of
P32 used technique
E65 Creation
P14 performed
P7 took place P7 took place
E53 Place
P10 falls within P10 falls within
E4 Period
P2 has type
Scheda F
Subject
Photograph
Mapping between Scheda F
and CIDOC-CRM

41. Conclusions

42. Towards the next steps
• The F Entry Ontology (FEO) is the first outcome of our “Zeri e
LODE” project on converting the DB data of the Zeri
Foundation’s Photo Library into RDF
• Lot of works still to be done
✦ Alignment with
✴ CIDOC-CRM (by using part of FRBR-OO) [in-progress]
✴ OAI Object Reuse and Exchange (OAI-ORE)
✦ Extending FEO introducing an explicit FRBR expression entity (e.g., Shot), so
as to associate to it metadata concerning when/where a photo was taken
[in-progress]
✦ Development of a new ontology for OA Entry [in-progress]
✦ Converting DB data into RDF according to the ontologies [in-progress]
✦ Publishing all data as Open Linked Data

43. Thank you for your attention

44. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD
http://www.essepuntato.it/samod
SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an
iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using
significative exemplar of data

45. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD
http://www.essepuntato.it/samod
SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an
iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using
significative exemplar of data
Ontology Engineers (OEs) collect all the information
about a specific domain, with the help of Domain
Experts (DEs), build a modelet formalising the domain
in consideration, and then create a new test case
Collect requirements
milestone and develop a modelet
1.

46. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD
http://www.essepuntato.it/samod
SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an
iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using
significative exemplar of data
Ontology Engineers (OEs) collect all the information
about a specific domain, with the help of Domain
Experts (DEs), build a modelet formalising the domain
in consideration, and then create a new test case
Collect requirements
milestone and develop a modelet
did it pass model,
data, query tests?
1.

47. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD
http://www.essepuntato.it/samod
SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an
iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using
significative exemplar of data
Ontology Engineers (OEs) collect all the information
about a specific domain, with the help of Domain
Experts (DEs), build a modelet formalising the domain
in consideration, and then create a new test case
Collect requirements
milestone and develop a modelet
Go to the previous
n
milestone
did it pass model,
data, query tests?
1.

48. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD
http://www.essepuntato.it/samod
SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an
iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using
significative exemplar of data
Ontology Engineers (OEs) collect all the information
about a specific domain, with the help of Domain
Experts (DEs), build a modelet formalising the domain
in consideration, and then create a new test case
Collect requirements
milestone and develop a modelet
Go to the previous
n
milestone
did it pass model,
data, query tests?
milestone y
Merge the modelet with
the current final model
1.
OEs merge the modelet of the new test case with the
current model produced by the end of the last process
iteration (first iteration: modelet becomes current model)
2.

49. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD
http://www.essepuntato.it/samod
SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an
iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using
significative exemplar of data
Ontology Engineers (OEs) collect all the information
about a specific domain, with the help of Domain
Experts (DEs), build a modelet formalising the domain
in consideration, and then create a new test case
Collect requirements
milestone and develop a modelet
Go to the previous
n
milestone
milestone y
Merge the modelet with
the current final model
did it pass model,
data, query tests?
did it pass model,
data, query tests?
1.
OEs merge the modelet of the new test case with the
current model produced by the end of the last process
iteration (first iteration: modelet becomes current model)
2.

50. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD
http://www.essepuntato.it/samod
SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an
iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using
significative exemplar of data
Ontology Engineers (OEs) collect all the information
about a specific domain, with the help of Domain
Experts (DEs), build a modelet formalising the domain
in consideration, and then create a new test case
Collect requirements
milestone and develop a modelet
Go to the previous
n
milestone
n
milestone y
Merge the modelet with
the current final model
did it pass model,
data, query tests?
did it pass model,
data, query tests?
1.
OEs merge the modelet of the new test case with the
current model produced by the end of the last process
iteration (first iteration: modelet becomes current model)
2.

51. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD
http://www.essepuntato.it/samod
SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an
iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using
significative exemplar of data
Ontology Engineers (OEs) collect all the information
about a specific domain, with the help of Domain
Experts (DEs), build a modelet formalising the domain
in consideration, and then create a new test case
Collect requirements
milestone and develop a modelet
Go to the previous
n
milestone
n
milestone y
Merge the modelet with
the current final model
Refactor the
current final model
milestone y did it pass model,
data, query tests?
did it pass model,
data, query tests?
1.
OEs merge the modelet of the new test case with the
current model produced by the end of the last process
iteration (first iteration: modelet becomes current model)
OEs refactor (important: reuse existing 2.
knowledge) the current model, focussing
on the last part added in the previous step
3.

52. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD
http://www.essepuntato.it/samod
SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an
iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using
significative exemplar of data
Collect requirements
milestone and develop a modelet
Go to the previous
n
milestone
n
milestone y
Merge the modelet with
the current final model
Refactor the
current final model
milestone y did it pass model,
data, query tests?
did it pass model,
data, query tests?
did it pass model,
data, query tests?
Ontology Engineers (OEs) collect all the information
about a specific domain, with the help of Domain
Experts (DEs), build a modelet formalising the domain
in consideration, and then create a new test case
1.
OEs merge the modelet of the new test case with the
current model produced by the end of the last process
iteration (first iteration: modelet becomes current model)
OEs refactor (important: reuse existing 2.
knowledge) the current model, focussing
on the last part added in the previous step
3.

53. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD
http://www.essepuntato.it/samod
SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an
iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using
significative exemplar of data
Collect requirements
milestone and develop a modelet
Go to the previous
n
milestone
n
n
milestone y
Merge the modelet with
the current final model
Refactor the
current final model
milestone y did it pass model,
data, query tests?
did it pass model,
data, query tests?
did it pass model,
data, query tests?
Ontology Engineers (OEs) collect all the information
about a specific domain, with the help of Domain
Experts (DEs), build a modelet formalising the domain
in consideration, and then create a new test case
1.
OEs merge the modelet of the new test case with the
current model produced by the end of the last process
iteration (first iteration: modelet becomes current model)
OEs refactor (important: reuse existing 2.
knowledge) the current model, focussing
on the last part added in the previous step
3.

54. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD
http://www.essepuntato.it/samod
SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an
iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using
significative exemplar of data
Collect requirements
milestone and develop a modelet
Go to the previous
n
milestone
n
n
milestone y
Merge the modelet with
the current final model
is there any
further scenario?
Refactor the
current final model
milestone y
y
did it pass model,
data, query tests?
did it pass model,
data, query tests?
did it pass model,
data, query tests?
Ontology Engineers (OEs) collect all the information
about a specific domain, with the help of Domain
Experts (DEs), build a modelet formalising the domain
in consideration, and then create a new test case
1.
OEs merge the modelet of the new test case with the
current model produced by the end of the last process
iteration (first iteration: modelet becomes current model)
OEs refactor (important: reuse existing 2.
knowledge) the current model, focussing
on the last part added in the previous step
3.

55. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD
http://www.essepuntato.it/samod
SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an
iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using
significative exemplar of data
Collect requirements
milestone and develop a modelet
Go to the previous
n
milestone
n
n
milestone y
Merge the modelet with
the current final model
end of process
n
is there any
further scenario?
Refactor the
current final model
milestone y
y
did it pass model,
data, query tests?
did it pass model,
data, query tests?
did it pass model,
data, query tests?
Ontology Engineers (OEs) collect all the information
about a specific domain, with the help of Domain
Experts (DEs), build a modelet formalising the domain
in consideration, and then create a new test case
1.
OEs merge the modelet of the new test case with the
current model produced by the end of the last process
iteration (first iteration: modelet becomes current model)
OEs refactor (important: reuse existing 2.
knowledge) the current model, focussing
on the last part added in the previous step
3.

56. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD
http://www.essepuntato.it/samod
SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an
iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using
significative exemplar of data
Collect requirements
milestone and develop a modelet
y
Go to the previous
n
milestone
n
n
milestone y
Merge the modelet with
the current final model
end of process
n
is there any
further scenario?
Refactor the
current final model
milestone y
y
did it pass model,
data, query tests?
did it pass model,
data, query tests?
did it pass model,
data, query tests?
Ontology Engineers (OEs) collect all the information
about a specific domain, with the help of Domain
Experts (DEs), build a modelet formalising the domain
in consideration, and then create a new test case
1.
OEs merge the modelet of the new test case with the
current model produced by the end of the last process
iteration (first iteration: modelet becomes current model)
OEs refactor (important: reuse existing 2.
knowledge) the current model, focussing
on the last part added in the previous step
3.

57. Developing an ontology for Scheda F with SAMOD
http://www.essepuntato.it/samod
SAMOD is an agile methodology for the development of ontologies by means of small steps of an
iterative process that focuses on creating well-developed and documented models through using
significative exemplar of data
Collect requirements
milestone and develop a modelet
y
Go to the previous
n
milestone
n
n
milestone y
Merge the modelet with
the current final model
end of process
n
is there any
further scenario?
Refactor the
current final model
milestone y
y
did it pass model,
data, query tests?
did it pass model,
data, query tests?
did it pass model,
data, query tests?
if we need to extend
the model in the future
Ontology Engineers (OEs) collect all the information
about a specific domain, with the help of Domain
Experts (DEs), build a modelet formalising the domain
in consideration, and then create a new test case
1.
OEs merge the modelet of the new test case with the
current model produced by the end of the last process
iteration (first iteration: modelet becomes current model)
OEs refactor (important: reuse existing 2.
knowledge) the current model, focussing
on the last part added in the previous step
3.