This document discusses key topics related to financing for development, including: 1. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which aim to reduce poverty and promote economic development. 2. The role of Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) in leveraging funding to support countries' development goals through financing, technical assistance, and policy advice. MDBs are able to commit $2-5 for every $1 invested by shareholders. 3. How different entities of the World Bank Group, including the IBRD, IDA, and IFC, provide loans, grants, and advisory services to support development in middle-income, low-

1. Course: Finance for Development by World Bank Group
Final Project
Topic
Something important that you have learned
during this course about financing for
development

2. Very interesting to know about MDGs and SDGs:
MDGs:
Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education
Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women
Goal 4: Reduce child mortality
Goal 5: Improve maternal health
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability
Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development
SDGs:
Goal 1 End poverty in all its forms everywhere
Goal 2 End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and
promote sustainable agriculture
Goal 3 Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
Goal 4 Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote
lifelong learning opportunities for all
Goal 5 Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
Goal 6 Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and
sanitation for all

3. Goal 7 Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern
energy for all
Goal 8 Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic
growth, full and productive employment and decent work for
all
Goal 9 Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and
sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
Goal 10 Reduce inequality within and among countries
Goal 11 Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient
and sustainable
Goal 12 Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Goal 13 Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts*
Goal 14 Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine
resources for sustainable development
Goal 15 Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial
ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat
desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt
biodiversity loss
Goal 16 Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable
development, provide access to justice for all and build
effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
Goal 17 Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the
global partnership for sustainable development

4. From Billions to Trillions:
1. “Billions” in ODA to “Trillions” in investments of all kinds: public
and private, national and global, in both capital and capacity. Yet
flows for development include philanthropy, remittances, South-
South flows and other official assistance, and foreign direct
investment— together these sources amount to nearly US$ 1
trillion that needs to be used just as effectively. The most
substantial development spending happens at the national level in
the form of public resources, while the largest potential is from
private sector business, finance and investment. This is the
trajectory from billions to trillions, which each country and the
global community must support together to finance and achieve
the transformative vision of the SDGs.
2. The realization that achieving the SDGs will require more than
money. It needs a global change of mindsets, approaches and
accountabilities to reflect and transform the new reality of a
developing world with highly varied country contexts.
Role of MDBs:
1. The MDBs support countries in achieving their development
goals by working on the ground and through financial support that we
offer, that's with the financing for development, technical assistance,
and policy advice. This whole structure is a leverage approach. Central
to our work is using our capital base to multiply the funds we are given

5. several times over and then put them to use for development. We
leverage, we multiply these development resources so that a dollar in
managed by MDBs results in more than a dollar out for development.
Not only that, more than a dollar out every single year once we're
holding that dollar that's come in. It begins, the top of our pyramid,
with the capital subscriptions, the Official Development Assistant
contributions or ODA contributions and grants that we receive from
shareholders.
2. This financial leverage is significant. For each one dollar
invested in us by our shareholders, the MDBs can commit two to
five dollars in new financing to our clients every single year. In the
private sector arms of the MDBs, and I note that the European
Bank for Reconstruction and Development is entirely a private
sector focused MDB, for every one dollar there that's invested
directly in private sector operations, another two to five dollars
are mobilized in additional private investment
3. Overall, the MDBs manage to leverage and multiply their
funding capacity through this capital, through the markets, to
clients approach. Through the private sector where we mobilize
additional private sector spending and also domestically with our
client countries where we provide advice on tax systems, on
spending that increases the development impact of every tax
dollar that comes in and also increases the number of tax dollars
coming in. So the whole model is one of leverage and multiplying
and mobilizing resources across the development landscape for
greater impact

6. Functions of some of World Bank Group entities:
IBRD: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
IBRD serves primarily middle-income developing countries and it helps
them invest in their major development needs by giving them loans,
advice, guidance and advisory services.
IDA: International Development Association
IDA focuses on less developed, low-income countries. Because IDA
works in the poorest countries it offers grants and concessional loans.
IDA serves the poorest countries and it offers the least expensive forms
of financing.
IFC: International Finance Corporation
IFC was created next to the World Bank to stimulate private investment
in development countries. IFC doesn't work directly with governments
although it also provides advisory services, it works in the private sector
with loans and equity grants and other investments.