1. Your Senses – What Are They? Visual: What we can see Auditory: What we can hear Olfactory: What we can smell Tactile input: What we can touch What we can Taste

2. What we see and perceive

3. Perceiving We select only small amount on which to focus our attention. Actively selecting, organizing, and interpreting what is experienced by your senses. We are an active participant who are always trying to understand the sensations around us.

4. People’s Perceptions Differ We view the world through a lens. Our perceptions of the world are drastically influenced by our past experiences, the we were brought up, our relationships with others, and our training and education. To become an effective critical thinker, we have to become aware of our lenses that we – and others – are wearing.

5. What we see can be very different on what others see… I’m a knock out I’m not pretty enough

6. When you actively perceive You are Selecting certain sensations to pay attention to. You are Organizing these sensations into a design or pattern. You are Interpreting what this design or pattern means to you.

7. Active Participant

8. Becoming and Active Participant Look at the next picture – what do you see? Read some of the words to the music this young man will be singing – is the message appealing? Does the words stir up feelings of hope for a better future? Would you want to be part of this?

9. This young man is singing a stirring song in a popular movie at the time – the song was banned for decades.

10. Using our senses to make sense of what we perceive The sun on the meadow is summery warm. The stag in the forest runs free. But gather together to greet the storm. Tomorrow belongs to me. The branch of the linden is leafy and green, The Rhine gives its gold to the sea. But somewhere a glory awaits unseen. Tomorrow belongs to me. These words are pretty enough and the voice is touching; we will get back to this in a bit…

11. The Process The process of perceiving takes place at a variety of levels. We select only a small amount on which to focus on. Experiences shape our perceptions. If we think critically about our perceptions we will learn more about our experiences and how we make sense out of the world. Our perceptions are often incomplete, distorted and inaccurate – The are shaped and influenced by our lenses.

12. Sometimes We Think We Are Going Somewhere - Are We?

13. What are “beliefs”? Beliefs represent an interpretation, evaluation, conclusion, or predication about the nature of the world. All beliefs are not the same – beliefs differ from one another including their accuracy. “The Earth is flat”, “Purple people dress funny”. Many of us hold beliefs that we know are silly, folk tales and/or absurd but we still hold them even though we know them to be untrue – can you think of any?

14. Listen To The Words – Inspiring

15. Beliefs and their differences We use three basic types of beliefs to make sense of the world Reports - The sun was out today: Type of belief, Reporting Inferences – The sun will probably not be out tomorrow: Type of belief, Inferring Judgments - The sun is never out when we want it to be, Type of belief, Judging

16. Thinking critically about our beliefs Reporting factual information: Describing the world in ways that can be verified through investigation. Inferring: Describing the world in ways that are based on factual information yet going beyond this information to make statements about what is not currently known. Judging: Describing the world in ways that express and evaluation based on certain criteria.

17. What Do We Believe In?

18. Thinking Critically

19. 12 Million Murdered That Nazi’s Deemed Subhuman 55 million dead because of the war Countries raped of their cultural heritage Millions permanently displaced from their homes That nazi’s created a movement and millions followed blindly - young and old Millions died fighting for Lebensraum or ‘Living Space’ and an ideal – the Super Race.

20. Inferring Inferential beliefs go beyond what can be directly observed. Observing then inferring is so automatic most of us don’t realize that we are doing it – making assumptions – many of us have difficulty separating the two. What do you see in the following slide? What did you infer about this person? Is this person married, a father – gainfully employed?

22. Stephen Hawking English scientist, physicist, and mathematician British physicist and mathematician Stephen Hawking has made fundamental contributions to the science of cosmology—the study of the origins, structure, and space-time relationships of the universe.

23. Hawkins & his 2nd wife

24. Stephen Hawkin

25. Analyzing An Incorrect Inference We have all made incorrect inferences in our lives – we may have mistakenly accused someone, we were in an accident because of a miscalculation or made poor decisions because of an inaccurate prediction. The critical mind would ask these questions about these experiences. Silently contemplate on a incorrect inference you have made…

26. Sometimes life gives us challenges we can not figure out.

27. Critically Thinking Tools: Inferences What was (were) your mistaken inference(s)? What was the factual evidence on which you based your inference(s)? Looking back, what could you have done to avoid the erroneous inference(s)? Reviewing Facts, Inference and Judgments as well as an understanding of our lenses we view life from, we can become more aware of ourselves and those around us.

28. Judgments When we judge, we are often expressing our feelings of approval or disapproval. It is essential at times to disregard our personal feelings of approval or disapproval when we judge – such as a Judge in a court room. Many of our disagreements with others focus on differences on judgments.

29. What do you first think when you see this man? Would you trust him?

30. Bernie Madoff - Schemed 69 Billion Dollars from Investors.

31. This man served 13 years in prison – he was supposed to serve 25 to life in for theft. Did he get off easy?

32. Gregory TaylorHe served 13 years behind bars for trying to break in to a church kitchen to find something to eat – he was homeless.

33. Critical Thinking: Approaching Differences in Judgments Intelligently Make explicit the criteria or standards used as a basis for the judgment – is it based in factual evidence or personal opinion? Try to establish the reasons that justify these criteria – the quality and credibility of our judgments depends on these criteria and the evidence or reasons that support it.

34. What I have Learned In reading this chapter, and taking this class - I further realize that I do not know everything, nor will I ever. It’s the want of knowledge that sets those that will remain in their small worlds and those that will learn from others that have the information to share. It is really about the quality that one can live ones life, to think on how we think – why we think the way we do; who we think we are and why we think the way do. To try and better understand others and how they perceive life and to come to some sort of understanding and acceptance with others and we hope they will do the same with us. We all have something to say; some of us can share this and articulate it, others will or can not – others will protect their ignorance and surround themselves with like minded people. We as a class, I hope will not.

35. End

37. Workplace Issue Analysis Continuing Education & Professional Development

38. Will we need to continue with our education even after we graduate? With this recession many of us have lost our jobs, many of our skills are no longer needed. Many of us are in school to retrain for new careers. Many of the younger students may realize they need an education to succeed in life – gone are the jobs where you would be trained and advance within a company often staying for years.

39. Many of our chosen career paths will require us to continue with our educations. For those that are in the medical assistant program – new treatments and procedures will evolve, you will have to be trained further. Business degree students will have to adapt to new business practices and trends to stay competitive. Law enforcement students will need to learn new laws and procedures. Medical Administrative Students will have to keep current with new laws, new office equipment and new policies.

40. Medical Field The department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has mandated the replacement of the ICD-9-CM code sets medical coders and billers in the United States use now to report health care diagnoses and procedures with ICD-10 code sets, effective Oct. 1, 2013. ICD-10 implementation will radically change the way coding is currently done; the code-set will grow from its current 17,000 codes to more than 141,000, and the format is new with seven alpha-numeric codes instead of five numeric digits. These dramatic changes, and others, will require very significant effort to implement, and the time to prepare for ICD-10 implementation is now. “American Academy of Professional Coders, 2010”(AAPC).

41. ICD-10 Will Affect All Areas In The Medical Field

42. Using Our Senses For learning We are constantly learning, but it’s the quality of that learning that is important Allowing ourselves to be taught new concepts by people that are professionals Opening ourselves up to absorb what is being taught to us Leaving our preconceived notions and judgments behind Coming to our own conclusions

43. How We Use Our Senses To Learn Seeing, observing the instructor Hearing, listening to the instructor and our fellow classmates The power of smell – cracking open a book can bring a strong emotional response either positive or negative Touch, tactile stimuli - touching the books, keyboard, pen and paper Taste, how could taste influence the total learning experience?

44. If Our Senses Are ‘Turned On” The Learning Process Becomes More Global The END