This document provides an overview of common athletic injuries, their causes, signs and symptoms, evaluation, and treatment. It discusses different types of forces that can cause injuries like fractures, sprains, strains and dislocations. Guidelines are provided for splinting injuries and controlling inflammation. Common emergency situations like wounds, burns, bites and their classifications and first aid treatments are also summarized.

1. 3 rd Quarter Notes

2. What is an athletic injury? A damage to the musculoskeletal structures brought about by forces (i.e. acute or repetitive) during athletic performance.

3. Compression Forces that act along the long axis of a structure which produces a crushing effect.

4. Tension A pulling force that acts along the long axis of the structure which stretches the tissue.

5. Shear Forces that act at opposite directions at different points causing one part of the structure to move away from another part of the structure.

9. Evaluation Palpation – deformity, tenderness, indentation Percussion – pain during tapping Compression – distal to proximal Distraction – apply traction

10. Treatment Cast? Internal Fixation? External Fixation?

11. Dislocations Bone is pushed out of the joint capsule Signs and symptoms are similar to fracture Treat like fracture!!!

12. Immobilization Anatomical – fingers Rigid - wood Soft - bandage

15. SPRAINS vs. STRAINS NOT INTERCHANGEABLE!! Both injuries are caused by abnormally high tensile forces which tears the tissue but damaged tissues are different . . . Which is Which?!?

17. SPRAINS vs. STRAINS 1 st Degree (Mild) No loss of function 2 nd Degree (Moderate) Unstable / Weak 3 rd Degree (Severe) Loss of function Dependent on the number of torn fibers . . .

18. Control Inflammation What is inflammation? Is it bad? P – protect R – rest I – ice C – compression E – elevation

23. Common Emergencies Bites Wound caused by teeth or mouth Stings Small puncture wounds with chemical injected

28. SUTURES are needed for deep cuts as well as cuts more than an inch long. Interrupted or Subcuticular ?

30. Burn Severity Remember the Rule of Nines Adult Child Determine extent of burned area!! 1% Perineum 9% Each Arm 18% Each Leg 18% Posterior Torso 18% Anterior Torso 9% Head Surface area Anatomic structure 1% Perineum 9% Each Arm 14% Each Leg 18% Posterior Torso 18% Anterior Torso 18% Head Surface area Anatomic structure