Update #2 Super Typhoon Haiyan damage assessments summary

LEARNING FROM GLOBAL DISASTER LABORATORIES PROVIDES A FRAMEWORK FOR GLOBAL DIALOGUE THAT IS THE FIRST STEP ON THE ROAD TO RESILIENT COMMUNITIES. A Framework For A Comprehensive, Inter-Disciplinary Dialogue On 21st Century Disasters And Disaster Resilience. A Disaster Is The Set Of Failures That Occur When The Continuums Of: 1) People, 2) Community (I.E., A Set Of Habitats, Livelihoods, And Social Constructs), And 3) Recurring Events (E.G., Floods, Earthquakes) Intersect At A Point In Space And Time, When And Where The People And Community Are Not Ready. Intersection Of These Continuums Is Inevitable. Some Intersections Will Cause A Disaster, And Some Won’t. Each Community Must Be Ready For The Inevitable Intersection That Will Challenge Its State Of Readiness. Best Policies And Practices: Create, Adjust, And Realign Programs, Partners And People Until You Have Created The Kinds Of Turning Points Needed For Moving Towards Disaster Resilience. Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction

Learning from Global Disaster Laboratories: A Framework For Global Dialogue

Professor Eric K. Noji, M.D., MPH, DTMH(Lon), FRCP(UK)hon

Knowledge From Cyclone Disasters, Which Occur Annually In Parts Of The Pacific And Indian Oceans, Is Enough To Make Any Nation Susceptible To Cyclones Adopt And Implement Policies That Will Facilitate Its Disaster Resilience. The people who know: 1) what to expect (e.g., storm surge, high-velocity winds, rain, flash floods, and landslides,), 2) where and when it will happen, and 3) what they should (and should not) do to prepare will survive. Integration Of Scientific And Technical Solutions With Political Solutions For Policies On Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, Emergency Response, And Recovery Presentation Courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance For Disaster Reduction

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Professor Eric K. Noji, M.D., MPH, DTMH(Lon), FRCP(UK)hon

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We believe a flawed premise. Typhoon disasters, which occur annually, should be enough to make any nation susceptible to typhoons adopt and implement policies that will lead to their typhoon disaster resilience. Fact: it usually takes multiple disasters before a stricken nation will adopt policies to move towards disaster resilient. Creating turning points for typhoon disaster resilience. Integration of scientific and technical solutions with political solutions for policies on preparedness, protection, early warning, emergency response, and recovery. Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction

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Professor Eric K. Noji, M.D., MPH, DTMH(Lon), FRCP(UK)hon

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War has devastating implications for families, communities, cultures, economies, and state infrastructure. Similarly, the last decade has seen an increase in the number of attacks against health workers in conflict zones and unstable environments. Unfortunately, these attacks have grave consequences for local populations which often rely on foreign aid programs for their health and well-being. As such, this paper will examine why aid-workers have increasingly been targeted for abductions, ambushes, assassinations, and various forms of intimidation. Furthermore, examples of terminated health programs, as well as populations served by current medical and humanitarian interventions, will be provided to impart a sense of magnitude and importance of health programs to the reader. Lastly, suggestions will be presented which could serve to minimize aid-workers’ risk and exposure to acts of violence in the field.

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2014 TYPHOON RAMMASUN IMPACTS THE PHILIPPINES

Professor Eric K. Noji, M.D., MPH, DTMH(Lon), FRCP(UK)hon

NOTABLE SEVERE WINDSTORM EVENTS AND DISASTERS OF 2014. November 30th marked the official end of a quiet 2014 Atlantic Basin hurricane season. There were eight named storms, six of which were hurricanes, with only two (Edouard and Gonzalo) becoming major storms. The Atlantic basin, which includes the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean, produced the fewest tropical cyclones and fewest named storms since 1997. November 30th marked the official end of a very active 2014 Eastern Pacific hurricane season– the most active season since 1992.There were 20 named storms, the most in 22 years, peaking 2-3 years after El Niño . Of those named storms, 14 became hurricanes, with nine of them developing into major hurricanes.In general, meteorologists believe that El Niño conditions suppress hurricane activity in the Atlantic and increase it in the Pacific. A new study suggests that there may be a delayed reaction, with peak hurricane activity in the northeastern Pacific happening two or three years after an El Niño peak. Presentation courtesy of Dr Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction

Notable severe windstorm events and disasters of 2014

Professor Eric K. Noji, M.D., MPH, DTMH(Lon), FRCP(UK)hon

A framework for a comprehensive, inter-disciplinary integration of knowledge forglobal disaster resilience in the 21st century. Disaster resilience policies must close prior knowledge divides and gaps, and identify weak links in the people/community continuums. A deeper understanding of past disasters leads to “counter measures” that prevent recurrences. The state-of-resilience increases as a) the capacity of the people is increased, b) physical and organizational vulnerabilities in the community are eliminated, and c) each people-community-hazard intersection is met successfully. Best policies and best practices will encompass innovative use of technology and strategic planning. Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction

A FRAMEWORK FOR THE END GAME OF DISASTER RESILIENCE: LEARNING FROM GLOBAL DI...

Professor Eric K. Noji, M.D., MPH, DTMH(Lon), FRCP(UK)hon

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The slide, which occurred on Saturday morning, was triggered by heavy rainfall and reported to be about 25 m (80 feet) deep in some parts. In 2006 after a smaller landslide occurred on the north fork of the Stillaguamish River, millions of dollars were spent on regional mitigation measures. In 2010, a report commissioned by the county in order to be in compliance with federal regulations identified the hillside that collapsed Saturday outside of the community of Oso as particularly susceptible. Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction

Mudslide Disaster In Washington State USA 22 March 22 2014

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Super Typhoon Haiyan update 9 November 2013

Professor Eric K. Noji, M.D., MPH, DTMH(Lon), FRCP(UK)hon

Typhoon Hagupit, known locally as Typhoon Ruby, first landed at Eastern Samar on Saturday and moved slowly across the country, bringing strong winds (200 kph (125 mph) winds and unloading at least 40 cm (16 in) of rain over coastal areas.At least 21 people in the Philippines were killed before Typhoon Hagupit weakened into a tropical storm Monday. The storm forced more than one million people out of their homes and into shelters. Almost exactly one year ago, the Philippine archipelago was devastated by Super Typhoon Haiyan, rated as probably the strongest typhoon ever to strike the Philippines. Lessons from past typhoons clearly demonstrate that people who have timely early warning in conjunction with a community evacuation plan that facilitates getting out of harm’s way from the risks associated with storm surge, high winds, flooding, and landslides will survive. Damaged hospitals and medical facilities combined with lack of clean drinking water, food, and medicine, and high levels of morbidity and mortality will quickly overrun the local community’s capacity for emergency health care.

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Flooding occurs somewhere in the world approximately 10,000 times every day as the consequences of a locale having more water than the local water cycle can process within its physical limits. Floods occur as the result of: extreme levels of , precipitation in thunderstorms, tropical storms, typhoons, hurricanes, and cyclones; in storm surges, and in tsunami wave run up. We continue to operate with a flawed premise: Knowledge from flood disasters, which occur in association with great subduction zone earthquakes in the Pacific and Indian oceans and are very well understood, therefore flood disaster resilience should be accomplished relatively easily by vulnerable countries. Unfortunately, the fact of the matter is, floods are not annual events; they are also complex, so most nations, whether impacted or not, usually are slow to adopt and implement policies based on science and recent catastrophic events making flood disaster resilience a very elusive goal to achieve. What have we learned from recent past floods to increase survivability? First of all, the timing of anticipatory actions is vital. People who know: 1) what to expect (e.g., strong ground motion, soil effects, flood wave run up, ground failure), where and when floods have historically happened, and 3) what they should (and should not) do to prepare for them, will survive. Secondly, timely, realistic disaster scenarios save lives. The people who have timely, realistic, advance information that facilitates reduction of vulnerabilities, and hence the risks associated with strong ground shaking, flood wave run up, and ground failure will survive. Thirdly, Emergency preparedness and response. The “Uncontrollable and Unthinkable” events will always hinder the timing of emergency response operations, especially the search and rescue operations that are limited to “the golden 48 hours.” The local community’s capacity for emergency health care (i,e., coping with damaged hospitals and medical facilities, lack of clean drinking water, food, and medicine, and high levels of morbidity and mortality) is vital for survival. And finally, earthquake engineer building save lives. Buildings engineered to withstand the risks from an earthquake’s strong ground shaking and ground failure that cause damage, collapse, and loss of function, is vital for protecting occupants and users from death and injury. Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction

FLOODS PART II. THE GLOBAL DISASTER LABORATORY MODEL. AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK...

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Particulate matter is a mixture of very small solids and liquid droplets that float in the air. Some particles come from a specific source (such as a burning candle), while others form as a result of complicated chemical reactions. While much is known about the health effects of exposure to particulate matter outdoors, the effects of indoor exposure are less well-understood. However, indoor exposure to particulate matter is gaining attention as a potential source of adverse health effects.

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Professor Eric K. Noji, M.D., MPH, DTMH(Lon), FRCP(UK)hon

Two drivers stand out in this analysis because of their potentially large and negative effect on disaster risk, and the low associated uncer tainty of their future trends: global environmental change and demographic change. But others stand out for a different reason: while they have the potential to greatly increase disaster risk, there is also potential for effective policy action to achieve risk reduction. Urbanisation provides the clearest example: unmanaged growth of cities, par ticularly those in low elevation coastal zones, would leave millions in extremely vulnerable situations, but there will be oppor tunities for policy makers to intervene to increase resilience in urban areas. Other drivers, for example globalisation, have extremely complex interactions with disaster risk, but must nonetheless be considered. In this lecture I will discuss the impact of each of the eight drivers on disaster risk is considered.

Past present future disaster risk of natural hazards: Key drivers of future d...

Professor Eric K. Noji, M.D., MPH, DTMH(Lon), FRCP(UK)hon

The objective of this study is to evaluate the seismic hazard at the northwestern Egypt using the probabilistic seismic hazard assessment approach. The Probabilistic approach was carried out based on a recent data set to take into account the historic seismicity and updated instrumental seismicity. A homogenous earthquake catalogue was compiled and a proposed seismic sources model was presented. The doubly-truncated exponential model was adopted for calculations of the recurrence parameters. Ground-motion prediction equations that recently recommended by experts and developed based upon..

Historical Review of Notable Earthquakes in the Mediterranean Region

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A powerful 7.5 magnitude earthquake rocked parts of South Asia on 26 October 2015. It was centred near Jurm in northeast Afghanistan, 250 kilometres (160 miles) from the capital Kabul and at a depth of 213.5 kilometres, the US Geological Survey said. (AFP, 26 Oct 2015) Pakistan's confirmed death toll so far stands at 272, with more than 1,900 people injured and nearly 14,000 homes damaged, though the spokesman said the NDMA was still in the process of estimating a final toll. (AFP, 28 Oct 2015) In Afghanistan, Assessment reports indicate 117 deaths, 544 people injured, 12,794 homes damaged and 7,384 houses destroyed. Furthermore, 136,967 people are still in need of humanitarian assistance, of which 131,345 people have received some form of assistance so far date. More than 51,000 people were affected in Badakhshan alone, where property damage was most extensive. The earthquake claimed the most lives and caused the most casualties in Kunar and Nangarhar provinces. Access remains the most significant challenge in providing assistance to people in need and is an issue reaching at least 194 villages affected by the earthquake.

October 2015 Earthquake in Afghanistan: Need for improved tools for rapid dam...

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A torrential rain event during the first full week of March 2016 featuring over two feet of record March rain in the South unleashed major river flooding, rising to historic levels in some areas. Add flooding along the Gulf Coast, and the disaster became a triple assault. In all, 400 homes flooded in Mississippi. Three people were killed in Louisiana, the governor said. In one case, a driver died when floodwater swept his vehicle off a road in Bienville Parish, the Governor's Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness said. The two others died in Ouachita Parish, according to the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals.

2016 historic floods in louisiana and mississippi

Professor Eric K. Noji, M.D., MPH, DTMH(Lon), FRCP(UK)hon

The 2016 Ecuador earthquake occurred on April 16 at 18:58:37 ECT with a moment magnitude of 7.8 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). The very large thrust earthquake was centered approximately 27 km (17 mi) from the towns of Muisne and Pedernales in a sparsely populated part of the country, and 170 km (110 mi) from the capital Quito, where it was felt strongly. Regions of Manta, Pedernales and Portoviejo accounted for over 75 percent of total casualties.[6] Manta's central commercial shopping district Tarqui, was completely destroyed. Widespread damage was caused across Manabi province, with structures hundreds of kilometres from the epicenter collapsing. At least 659 people were killed and 27,732 people injured. President Rafael Correa declared a state of emergency; 13,500 military personnel and police officers were dispatched for recovery operations.

16 April 2016 magnitude 7.8 earthquake strikes Ecuador

Professor Eric K. Noji, M.D., MPH, DTMH(Lon), FRCP(UK)hon

The moderate-magnitude quake struck at 9:26 p.M. Thursday night at a depth of 11 kilometers (7 miles) in southern Japan near Kumamoto city on the island of Kyushu. The epicenter was 120 kilometers (74 miles) northeast of Kyushu Electric Power Company's Sendai nuclear plant, the only one operating in the country; no adverse consequences were reported. Lesson: the knowledge and timing of anticipatory actions is vital

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Professor Eric K. Noji, M.D., MPH, DTMH(Lon), FRCP(UK)hon

The Kathmandu Valley is densely populated with nearly 2.5 million people, and the quality of building construction is often poor. The epicenter of today's disaster was 80 kilometers (50 miles) northwest of the city, and had a depth of only 11 kilometers (7 miles), which is considered shallow in geological terms. This earthquake, the worst quake to hit Nepal (a poor South Asian nation) since 1934, collapsed buildings and houses, leveled centuries-old temples and triggered avalanches in the Himalayas. Presentation courtesy of Dr Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction.

Today's Earthquake in Nepal

Professor Eric K. Noji, M.D., MPH, DTMH(Lon), FRCP(UK)hon

The Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction was held from 14 to 18 March 2015 in Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Several thousand participants attended, including at related events linked to the World Conference under the umbrella of building the resilience of nations and communities to disasters. The United Nations General Assembly Resolution for 2013 on International Strategy for Disaster Reduction states that the World Conference will result in a concise, focused, forward-looking, and action-oriented outcome document and will have the following objectives: * To complete assessment and review of the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action; * To consider the experience gained through the regional and national strategies/institutions and plans for disaster risk reduction and their recommendations as well as relevant regional agreements within the implementation of the Hyogo Framework of Action; * To adopt a post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction; * To identify modalities of cooperation based on commitments to implement a post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction; * To determine modalities to periodically review the implementation of a post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction. Presentation courtesy of Dr Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction

2015 2030 sendai framework for action on global disaster risk reduction actions

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Professor Eric K. Noji, M.D., MPH, DTMH(Lon), FRCP(UK)hon

Popocatapatele and Colima, two of Mexico’s most active volcanoes, are acting up again. For now the eruptions are not considered to be dangerous and no evacuations have been ordered. But don’t forget that the world’s 1,498 other active volcanoes can erupt at anytime too. A re-eruption of any of these active volcanoes is likely to be very devastating, locally, regionally, and globally. Location and a large explosivity index (VEI) combine to make some volcanoes especially dangerous. Location refers to proximity to cities and other areas of high human population density. An eruption with large VEI at such locations is certain to be devastating to people, their property, their health, the community infra-structure, the environment, and the economy. Presentation courtesy of Dr Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction.

Two Of Mexico's Dangerous Volcanoes Are Threatening To Erupt

Professor Eric K. Noji, M.D., MPH, DTMH(Lon), FRCP(UK)hon

INDIA IS BIG, DIVERSE, and CAPABLE. It is the seventh largest country, The second most populous country with human resources of over 1.2 billion people having cultural and religious diversity, The most populous democracy, with many well- educated and well-trained people, with high-tech and low-tech capabilities. On the downside, it is also a country with many living in poverty, with many living in non-earthquake-resistant housing, with cities and towns that are dependent upon non- earthquake-resistant infrastructure and critical facilities. India faces potential disasters each year from floods, earthquakes, and cyclones, some of which have triggered notable disasters in the past, and very recently. That will happen again, unless a paradigm shift occurs. Disaster resilience has become an urgent global goal in the 21st century as many Nations are experiencing disasters after a natural hazard strikes, and learning that their communities, institutions, and people do NOT yet have the capacity to be disaster resilient. Disaster resilience does not just happen; it is the result of decision-making for a national paradigm shift from the status quo to an improved “coping capacity” that enables the country to rebound quickly after a disaster. A paradigm shift towards earthquake disaster resilience is a three step process. Step 1: Integrate Past Experiences Into Books of Knowledge. Step 2: From Books of Knowledge to Innovative Educational Surges to Build Professional and Technical Capacit. Step 3: From Professional and Technical Capacity to Disaster Resilience. In summary, BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE are are “TOOLS” to facilitate India’s continuing commitment to minimize the likely impacts of the inevitable future earthquake, thereby preventing another disaster

India Case Study. A paradigm shift towards earthquake disaster resilience.

Professor Eric K. Noji, M.D., MPH, DTMH(Lon), FRCP(UK)hon

Disaster resilience, which is the capacity of a country to rebound quickly after the socioeconomic impacts of a disaster, requires decision-making for a national paradigm shift from the status quo. Disaster resilience has become an urgent global goal in the 21st century as many Nations are experiencing disasters after a natural hazard strikes, and learning that their communities, institutions, and people do NOT yet have the capacity to be disaster resilient. Presentation courtesy of Dr Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction.

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Professor Eric K. Noji, M.D., MPH, DTMH(Lon), FRCP(UK)hon

On January 29, 2015, a routine delivery of gas to a maternity hospital in Mexico City leads to a deadly explosion killing 4 and injuring dozens. The explosion occurred when a gas tanker was making a routine, early morning delivery of gas to the hospital kitchen, and gas started to leak. The tanker workers worked for 15 to 20 minutes to repair the leak while a large cloud of gas was forming, then exploded. Technologies for monitoring, forecasting, and warning are vital for becoming resilient. Presentation courtesy of Dr Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction

Making Our World Disaster Resilient Is Our Legacy

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Professor Eric K. Noji, M.D., MPH, DTMH(Lon), FRCP(UK)hon

As we begin the year 2015, we must unfortunately recognize that it is well past the time to speed up the long-term recovery process for earthquakes (and tsunamis). The main insights from global earthquakes have consistently shown that being prepared includes pre-earthquake planning for post-earthquake recovery ("PEPPER"). Only about 110 of the 10 million earthquakes of all sizes that occur somewhere in the world each year are large enough and close enough to a community to cause a disaster, which creates a multitude of local and regional dilemmas about what to do, both before and after the quake, to shorten the recovery process. THE SOLUTION: PRE-EARTHQUAKE PLANNING FOR POST-EARTHQUAKE RECOVERY(PEPPER). “THE END GAME” FOR JAPAN AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA: Identification of the physical, social and economic consequences of a major earthquake in Tokai, Japan or Southern California will enable end users to identify what they can change now before the earthquake—to shorten recovery from the catastrophic impacts after the inevitable “big ones” occur, probably in the near future.

Towards Pre-Earthquake Planning for Post-Earthquake Recovery 2015-2020

Professor Eric K. Noji, M.D., MPH, DTMH(Lon), FRCP(UK)hon

Floods occur somewhere in the world 10,000 times or more each year. With 2015’s spring floods only weeks away, it’s past time to speed up the long-term recovery process for floods. In 2008, after weeks of flooding through Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Indiana and Wisconsin, the region faced billions of dollars in losses, threats of disease, and a long cleanup. Losses included millions of acres of prime farm land that are still requiring restoration and the rebuilding of large urban areas such as Cedar Rapids, Iowa which alone is estimated to have required at least $1 billion. However, the total direct and indirect losses may never be known. Flood waters during the summer of 2008 seeped into countless wells, affecting drinking water for thousands of homes and businesses across the region. Hazardous materials were also released into the flood waters that ultimately emptied into the Gulf of Mexico exacerbating what marine biologists call a “dead zone” – bodies of water so starved for oxygen that aquatic life can no longer be supported. Presentation courtesy of Dr Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction.

Towards faster disaster recovery. case study the 2008 midwest usa floods

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This article aims to demonstrate the need for Israeli and Palestinian extremists to be removed from power and for the UN to be restructured so that there is peace between Israel and Palestine. The construction of peace can only happen in the Palestine region if the Jewish people in Israel and throughout the world, as well as the Palestinians, politically repel the extremists who exercise power in their territories and establish governments that seek conciliation between the Jewish and Palestinian peoples. It can be said that there is only one solution to the conflict between Palestine and Israel: on the one hand, Israel needs to accept the constitution of the Palestinian State, seek a fair and negotiated solution regarding Jerusalem and the fate of Palestinian refugees and end the settlements Jews in the West Bank and, on the other, Palestinians need to recognize the State of Israel because neither Palestinians nor Israelis can impose their will on each other. Neither the right-wing extremists who govern Israel nor the Palestinian extremist groups will be able to impose their will by force of arms in Palestine. It is unlikely that the conflict between Palestinians and Jews will be resolved today because existing international institutions are not capable of building a negotiated solution to the conflict between these two peoples and between Israel, Iran and the Arab countries. This means that there is an urgent need to restructure the international system to resolve the conflict between Israel and Palestine, between Russia and Ukraine and all international conflicts that may occur in the future. The time has come for humanity to promote the construction of world peace and to exercise control over its destiny. To achieve these objectives, it is urgent to restructure the UN with a view to transforming it into a democratic government of the world that constitutes the only means of survival for the human species.

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20052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf

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