Making Communities Disaster Resilient
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Making (or not making) our world disaster resilient will be our lasting legacy. History Will Decide Which Legacy We Actually Leave. Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction
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Making Communities Disaster Resilient
- 1. AT PRESENT, OUR WORLD IS NOT DISASTER RESILIENT • FLOODS • SEVERE WINDSTORMS • EARTHQUAKES • TSUNAMIS • DROUGHTS • VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS • LANDSLIDES • WILDFIRES
- 2. MAKING (OR NOT MAKING) OUR WORLD DISASTER RESILIENT IS OUR LEGACY History Will Decide Which Legacy We Actually Leave
- 3. DISASTER RESILIENCE HAS A VERY HIGH BENEFIT/COST 1 < BENEFIT/COST < 1000 THE PAYOFF IS GREATER SAFETY, SECURITY, AND QUALITY OF LIFE FOR EVRYONE
- 4. AT PRESENT, OUR WORLD IS NOT DISASTER RESILIENT • FLOODS • SEVERE WINDSTORMS • EARTHQUAKES • TSUNAMIS • DROUGHTS • VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS • LANDSLIDES • WILDFIRES
- 5. JULY 13, 2013 MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO FLOOD DISASTERS
- 6. BUILDING IN FLOOD PLAIN FLOODSFLOODS INUNDATION AND SCOUR INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS EFFECTS OF WATER ON STRUCTURE & CONTENTS INCREASED POTENTIAL FOR HEALTH PROBLEMS, INJURIES, AND DEATH LOSS OF FUNCTION OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE VULNERABILITY OF NON- STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS CAUSES OF RISK CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES
- 7. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS PREPAREDNES FOR THE EXPECTED AND UNEXPEDTED IS ESSENTIAL FOR BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT
- 8. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS EARLY WARN- ING (THE ISS) AND EVACU- ATION ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
- 9. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
- 10. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS RECOVERY AND RECON- STRUCTION USUALLY TAKES LONGER THAN THOUGHT.
- 11. JULY 13, 2013 MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO HURRICANE OR TYPHOON DISASTERS
- 12. WIND AND WATER PENETRATE BUILDING ENVELOPE SEVERE WINDSTORMS SEVERE WINDSTORMS UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM FLYING DEBRIS PENETRATES WINDOWS STORM SURGE AND HEAVY PRECIPITATION IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN POOR WORKMANSHIP IGNORING NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS CAUSES OF RISK CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES
- 13. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL WIND- STORMS PREPAREDNES FOR THE EXPECTED AND UNEXPECTED IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
- 14. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL WINDSTORMS • WITHOUT ADEQUATE PROTECTION, HIGH VELOCITY WIND WILL LIFT THE ROOF OFF OF NON- ENGINEERED BUILDINGS.
- 15. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL WINDSTORMS. • DISASTER- INTELLIGENT COMMUNITIES USE TIMELY EARLY WARNING TO EVACUATE PEOPLE AND TO PREPARE.
- 16. LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL WINDSTORMS • CAPACITY FOR INTELLIGENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
- 17. LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL WINDSTORMS • CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
- 18. JULY 13, 2013 MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO EARTHQUAKE DISASTERS
- 19. INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING EARTHQUAKESEARTHQUAKES SOIL AMPLIFICATION PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SOIL FAILURE AND SURFACE FAULTING ) IRREGULARITIES IN MASS, STRENGTH, AND STIFFNESS FLOODING FROM TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP AND SEICHE POOR DETAILING OF STRUCTURALSYSTEM IGNORING NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS CAUSES OF RISK CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES
- 20. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL EARTHQUAKES PREPAREDNESS FOR ALL OF THE LIKELY AND UNLIKELY HAZARDS AND RISKS IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
- 21. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL EARTH- QUAKES BUILDING CODES AND LIFELINE STANDARDS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
- 22. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL EARTHQUAKES TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
- 23. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL EARTHQUAKES IF APRIORI PLANS FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION ARE ABSENT, THE PROCESS WILL BE LONG, COMPLEX, AND HIGHLY POLITICAL
- 24. JULY 13, 2013 MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO TSUNAMI DISASTERS
- 25. HIGH VELOCITY IMPACT OF INCOMING WAVES TSUNAMISTSUNAMIS INLAND DISTANCE OF WAVE RUNUP VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE RUNUP INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF BUILDINGS FLOODING NO WARNING, OR INADEQUATE WARNING PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF TSUNAMI CAUSES OF RISK CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES
- 26. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL TSUNAMIS. • DISASTER- INTELLIGENT COMMUNITIES USE TIMELY EARLY WARNING FROM A TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM TO EVACUATE PEOPLE FROM HARM’S WAY.
- 27. LESSON: RECOVERY AND RECON- STRUCTION IS LONG AND COMPLEX
- 28. JULY 13, 2013 MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO DROUGHT DISASTERS
- 29. PROLONGED LACK OF PRECIPITATION DROUGHTSDROUGHTS LOSS OF SOIL MOSTURE LOSS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY DEPLETION/POLLUTION OF GROUND WATER LOSS OF VEGETATION INSECT INFESTATION PROGRESSIVE LOSS OF LAND BY DESERTIFICATION CAUSES OF RISK CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES
- 30. JULY 13, 2013 MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO VOLCANIC ERUPTION DISASTERS
- 31. PROXIMITY TO LATERAL BLAST VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS IN PATH OF PYROCLASTIC FLOWS IN PATH OF FLYING DEBRIS (TEPHRA) IN PATH OF VOLCANIC ASH (AVIATION) IN PATH OF LAVA FLOWS IN PATH OF LAHARS IGNORING WARNING TO EVACUATE CAUSES OF RISK CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES
- 32. THE KEYS TO RESILIENCE: 1) KNOW THE ERUPTIVE HISTORY OF YOUR REGION’S VOLCANOES, 2) BE PREPARED 3) HAVE A WARNING SYSTEM 4) EVACUATE 5) LEARN FROM THE EXPERIENCE AND START OVER
- 33. TECHNOLOGIES FOR MONITORING, FORECASTING, AND WARNING ARE VITAL FOR BECOMING RESILIENT
- 34. JULY 2013 MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO LANDSLIDE DISASTERS
- 35. BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES LANDSLIDESLANDSLIDES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS EXCESSIVE PRECIPITATION OR GROUND SHAKING BARE, OVERSTEEPENED SLOPES CAUSES OF RISK CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES
- 36. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL LANDSLIDES PREPAREDNES FOR THE EXPECTED AND UNEXPEDTED IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
- 37. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL LANDSLIDES TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE (SEARCH AND RESCUE) IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
- 38. JULY 13, 2013 MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO WILDFIRE DISASTERS
- 39. LIGHTNING STRIKES WILDFIRESWILDFIRES MANMADE FIRES PROXIMITY OF URBAN- WILDLANDS INTERFACE WIND DIRECTION AND SPEED DEFORESTATION DENUDED SLOPES HOT, DRY WEATHER CAUSES OF RISK CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES
- 40. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL WILDFIRES PREPAREDNES FOR THE EXPECTED AND UNEXPEDTED IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
- 41. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL WILDFIRES EARLY WARN- ING (THE ISS) AND EVACU- ATION ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
- 42. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL WILDFIRES TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
- 43. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL WILDFIRES RECOVERY AND RECON- STRUCTION USUALLY MEANS HAVING THE CAPACITY TO START OVER.
- 44. GLOBALGLOBAL COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES DATA BASESDATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS •NATURAL HAZARDS •PEOPLE & BLDGS. •VULNERABILITY •LOCATION DISASTER ASSESS.DISASTER ASSESS. RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK THE CA: DISASTERTHE CA: DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE • PREPAREDNESS •PROTECTION •EARLY WARNING •EMERGENCY RESPONSE •RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS
- 45. EDUCATION FOR GLOBAL DISASTER RESILIENCEEDUCATION FOR GLOBAL DISASTER RESILIENCEEDUCATION FOR GLOBAL DISASTER RESILIENCEEDUCATION FOR GLOBAL DISASTER RESILIENCE THE KNOWLEDGE BASE Best Practices Increased Knowledge, and Understanding Hazard Characterization Vulnerability Assessment Event-Action Associations Collect, Store and Process Data Interface with Other Information Sources Cause & Effect Relationships CAPACITY BUILDING Towards Disaster Resilience Public/Private Sector Partnerships Use of the Knowledge Base Towards “Intelligent Cities” Warning Systems CONTINUING EDUCATION Up Close and Personal Learning Update Knowledge Bases After Each Disaster Disaster Scenarios For Training Distance Learning Educational Surges for Disaster Resilience GOAL:GOAL: An Infrastructure ForAn Infrastructure For Delivering Knowledge and Information toDelivering Knowledge and Information to Communities in Real and Near-Real TimeCommunities in Real and Near-Real Time GOAL:GOAL: An Infrastructure ForAn Infrastructure For Delivering Knowledge and Information toDelivering Knowledge and Information to Communities in Real and Near-Real TimeCommunities in Real and Near-Real Time
- 46. NORTH AMERICA’S DISASTER CAUSING EVENTS • FLOODS • HURRICANES • EARTHQUAKES • TORNADOES • ICE STORMS • VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS • LANDSLIDES
- 47. NORTH AMERICA’S DISASTER CAUSING EVENTS • WILDFIRES • TSUNAMIS • ENVIRONNMENTAL MPACTS • TERRORISM
- 48. TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENTTOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENTTOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES NORTH AMERICA’S PRIORITIES USE LAND-USE PLAN TO AVOID HAZARDOUS AREAS Integrate Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EMIntegrate Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response. and Recovery. & Recon. StrategiesResponse. and Recovery. & Recon. Strategies Integrate Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EMIntegrate Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response. and Recovery. & Recon. StrategiesResponse. and Recovery. & Recon. Strategies MATCH BUILDING AND INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN WITH HAZARD DEMAND IMPROVE EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS, EM. RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY IMPROVE CAPABILITY TO CONDUCT PRE- DISASTER STUDIES FOR FUTURE USE IMPROVE PUBLIC AWARENESS IMPROVE HAZARD CHARACTERIZATION MODELS AND SCENARIO MAPS REDUCE URBAN VULNERABILITIES REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
- 49. TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENTTOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENTTOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES NORTH AMERICA’S PRIORITIES (CONTINUED) IMPROVE PREVENTION, MITIGATION AND PREPAREDNESS POLICIES Integrate Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EMIntegrate Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response, and Recovery. & Recon. StrategiesResponse, and Recovery. & Recon. Strategies Integrate Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EMIntegrate Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response, and Recovery. & Recon. StrategiesResponse, and Recovery. & Recon. Strategies IMPROVE THE NEXT GENERATION OF BUILDING CODES AND STANDARDS IMPROVE UNDERSTANDING OF DAMAGE FROM EACH POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENT IMPROVE WAYS TO SHARE “BEST PRACTICES” IMPROVE ALL HAZARDS WARNING SYSTEMS IMPROVE WAYS TO SHARE EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES ENHANCE EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMMES CLOSE “IMPLEMENTATION GAPS “
- 50. ASIA’S DISASTER CAUSING EVENTS • FLOODS • EARTHQUAKES • TSUNAMIS • TYPHOONS/CYCLONES • VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS • LANDSLIDES • DROUGHTS • ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
- 51. TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENTTOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENTTOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES ASIA’S PRIORITIES USE LAND-USE PLAN TO AVOID HAZARDOUS AREAS Integrate Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EMIntegrate Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response. and Recovery. & Recon. StrategiesResponse. and Recovery. & Recon. Strategies Integrate Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EMIntegrate Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response. and Recovery. & Recon. StrategiesResponse. and Recovery. & Recon. Strategies MATCH BUILDING AND INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN WITH HAZARD DEMAND IMPROVE EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS, EM. RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY IMPROVE POST-DISASTER STUDIES FOR THE LESSONS IMPROVE PUBLIC AWARENESS IMPROVE DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIOS REDUCE URBAN VULNERABILITIES REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
- 52. TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENTTOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENTTOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES ASIA’S PRIORITIES (CONTINUED) IMPROVE PREVENTION, MITIGATION AND PREPAREDNESS MODELS Integrate Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EMIntegrate Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response, and Recovery. & Recon. StrategiesResponse, and Recovery. & Recon. Strategies Integrate Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EMIntegrate Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response, and Recovery. & Recon. StrategiesResponse, and Recovery. & Recon. Strategies IMPLEMENT AND ENFORCE MODERN BUILDING CODES MENT AND ENFO IMPLEMENT MODERN STANDARDS FOR INFRASTRUCTURE ENVIRONMENTS IMPROVE WAYS TO SHARE “BEST PRACTICES” IMPROVE TSUNQMI WARNING SYSTEMS IMPROVE WAYS TO SHARE EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES ENHANCE EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMMES CLOSE “KNOWLEDGE” AND “IMPLEMENTATION GAPS “ E
- 53. PACIFIC RIM’S HAZARDS • SEVERE WINDSTORMS • FLOODS • EARTHQUAKES • TSUNAMIS • VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS • LANDSLIDES
- 54. TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENTTOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENTTOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES PACIFIC RIM’S PRIORITIES FOCUS CULTURAL DIVERSITY OF REGION ON A COMMON AGENDA Integrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EMIntegrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response. and Recovery & Recon. StrategiesResponse. and Recovery & Recon. Strategies yy Integrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EMIntegrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response. and Recovery & Recon. StrategiesResponse. and Recovery & Recon. Strategies yy BUILD TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL CAPACITY FOR INT’L ASSISTANCET IMPROVE ALL-HAZRDS COMMUNICATION IMPROVE ALL HAZARDS PARTNERSHIPS FOCUS ON HIGH BENEFIT/COST IMPLE-MENTATION STRATEGIES INCREASE FINANCIAL CAPACITY FOR INSURANCE DECREASE BUILDING AND LIFELINE VULNERABILITUES IMPROVE PUBLIC AWARENESS, EDUCATION AND TRAINING
- 55. LATIN AMERICA/CARIBBEAN’S HAZARDS • HURRICANES • EARTHQUAKES • FLOODS • DROUGHTS • LANDSLIDES • VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS • ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS • TSUNAMIS
- 56. TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENTTOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENTTOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN PRIORITIES INCREASE PUBLIC AWARENESS OF RISKS Integrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EMIntegrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response. and Recovery & Recon. StrategiesResponse. and Recovery & Recon. Strategies Integrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EMIntegrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response. and Recovery & Recon. StrategiesResponse. and Recovery & Recon. Strategies IMPROVE POLICIES FOR REDUCING RISKS TO BLDGS. AND INFRASTRUCTURE REDUCE VULNERABILITIES ON LOCAL SCALE CREATE PARTNERSHIPS FOR INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE CREATE MUTUAL ASSISTANCE PACTS REDUCE VULNERABILITIES ON REGIONAL SCALE CONTINUE CAPACITY BUILDING IN ALL SECTORS IMPROVE ALL HAZARDS COMMUNICATION
- 57. EUROPE’S HAZARDS • FLOODS • WILDFIRES • SEVERE WINDSTORMS • EARTHQUAKES • VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
- 58. TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENTTOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENTTOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES EUROPE’S PRIORITIES IMPROVE CAPACITY FOR ALL HAZARDS EARLY WARNING Integrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EMIntegrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response. and Recovery & Recon. StrategiesResponse. and Recovery & Recon. Strategies Integrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EMIntegrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response. and Recovery & Recon. StrategiesResponse. and Recovery & Recon. Strategies CREATE MUTUAL ASSISTANCE PACTS REDUCE BUILDING AND LIFELINE VULNERABILITIES INCREASE PROTECTION OF PEOPLE, LIVELIHOODS, AND CULTURAL HERITAGE CONTINUE TO CLOSE “KNOWLEDGE GAPS? CONTINUE TO CLOSE “IMPLEMENTATION GAPS” IMPROVE CAPACITY FOR ALL HAZARDS EVACUATION IMPROVE PUBLIC AWARENESS, EDUCATION, AND TRAINING
- 59. MEDITERRANEAN REGION’S HAZARDS • EARTHQUAKES • FLOODS • DROUGHTS • LANDSLIDES • TSUNAMIS • DUST STORMS • VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS (Rare)
- 60. TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENTTOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENTTOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES MEDITERRANEAN REGION’S PRIORITIES INCREASE PUBLIC AWARENESS Integrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EMIntegrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response. and Recovery & Recon. StrategiesResponse. and Recovery & Recon. Strategies Integrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EMIntegrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response. and Recovery & Recon. StrategiesResponse. and Recovery & Recon. Strategies IMPROVE EDUCATION AND TRAINING REDUCE VULNERABILITIES TO BUILDINGS & LIFELINES INCREASE PROTECTION OF PEOPLE, LIVELIHOOD, AND CULTURAL HERITAGE IMPROVE ALL HAZARDS MONITORING IMPROVE POLICIES AND BEST PRACTICES FOR RESILIENCE FORGE DISASTER ASSISTANCE PACTS IMPROVE REGIONAL COMMINICATION
- 61. SUB-SAHARA AFRICA’S PROBLEMS AND HAZARDS • POLITICAL INSTABILITY • FLOODS • DROUGHTS • VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS (rare) • HEALTH IMPACTS • ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
- 62. TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENTTOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENTTOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES SUB-SAHARA AFRICA’S PRIORITIES INCREASE PUBLIC AWARENESS Integrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EMIntegrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response. and Recovery & Recon. StrategiesResponse. and Recovery & Recon. Strategies Integrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EMIntegrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response. and Recovery & Recon. StrategiesResponse. and Recovery & Recon. Strategies REDUCE SOCIETAL VULNER-ABILITIES TO FLOODS AND DROUGHTS ACCELERATE EDUCATION (WITH FOCUS ON RISK REDUCTION TECHNIQUES) INCREASE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING IMPROVE PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMMES IMPROVE CAPACITY FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE ESTABLISH REGIONAL PARTNERSHIPS FOR SUSTAINABILE DEVELOPMENT ESTABLISH MUTUAL ASSISTANCE PACTS