1. Development of RO Membrane & Its Characterization 9/21/2010 1 Project Presentation On:

2. Tables Of Content History What is Reverse Osmosis? Membrane & Its types Reverse Osmosis Membranes & its comparison Membrane Materials Membrane Modules Membrane Fouling Work Plan of our Project Testing Desalination Benefits Future Aspects 9/21/2010 2 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi

4. The early 1960's, Loeb and Sourirajan developed a method for making asymmetric Cellulose acetate membranes

5. In 1970, the development of new-generation membranes such as the thin-film, composite Membrane that can tolerate wide pH ranges, higher temperatures and harsh chemical environments.

6. An estimate indicated that sales of RO membrane products had grown to $280 million yearly in 20069/21/2010 3 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi

8. A reverse osmosis membrane acts as the semi permeable barrier to flow in the RO process, allowing selective passage of a particular species (solvent, usually water) while partially & completely retaining other species (solutes). As shown in Figure(b).9/21/2010 4 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi

10. UF membranes have smaller pores than MF membranes and, therefore, in addition to large particles and microorganisms, they can reject bacteria and soluble macromolecules such as proteins.

11. RO membranes are effectively non-porous and, therefore, exclude particles and even many low molar mass species such as salt ions, organics, etc.

12. NF membranes are relatively new and are sometimes called “loose” RO membranes9/21/2010 5 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi

14. Thin Film Composite Membrane9/21/2010 6 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi

16. These CA membranes were asymmetric and exhibited NaCl rejection values of approximately 99.5%

17. The degree of acetylation describes the how many pendent OH groups are replaced acetyl groups, CH3COO.

18. It ranges from 0 to 3

19. they have excellent mechanical properties & resistant to chlorine.

20. CA membranes can tolerate up to 5 ppm9/21/2010 7 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi

22. interfacial polymerization are use to create a polyamide coating.

23. Most TFC membranes are made with a porous, highly permeable support.

24. Nowadays, This technique can also be used to produce Commercial RO membranes9/21/2010 8 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi

25. Comparison of Reverse Osmosis Membranes 9/21/2010 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi 9

26. Membrane Materials 9/21/2010 10 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi

27. RO Membranes There are typically cellulose acetate Polysulfone coated with aromatic polyamides 9/21/2010 11 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi

28. MF & UF Materials Poly (vinylidene fluoride) Polysulfone Poly (acrylonitrile) Poly (acrylonitrile)-poly(vinyl chloride) copolymers Poly (ether sulfone) is also commonly used for UF membranes poly (tetrafluoroethylene). 9/21/2010 12 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi

29. Membranes Modules 9/21/2010 13 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi

31. Tubular

32. spiral wound

33. hollow fiber 9/21/2010 14 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi

34. Membrane fouling 9/21/2010 15 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi

35. Causes of Fauling Bio-fouling (it results from microbial contamination of feed water) Scaling (It arises from the deposition of salts) Organic (It comes from substances i.e. C-H which coat the surface) Colloidal (It mainly stems from particles) 9/21/2010 16 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi

36. Work Plan of Project 9/21/2010 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi 17

37. Strategy of Work Plan MARKET SURVEY TO FIND THE AVAILBILITY OF MATERIALS STUDY AND ANALYZE ABOUT RO PROCESS TECHNOLOGY CONSULT THE RELEVANT AUTHORITIES / ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT OF RO MEMBRANE SAMPLES TESTING OF MEMBRANE SAMPLES 9/21/2010 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi 18

38. Testing of Membranes 9/21/2010 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi 19

39. Major Tests of Membranes Non-Destructive Tests: Bubble test- test physical integrity of the membrane envelope Membrane performance - flux, pressure and percent reject Analysis of cleaning solution Destructive Tests: Internal visual exam Coupon testing of membrane surface Metals analyses Digestion Organic Analyses: FTIR Spectroscopy UV Spectroscopy 9/21/2010 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi 20

40. Desalination 9/21/2010 21 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi

41. Desalination Techniques Multi-effect distillation (MED) Multi-stage flash (MSF) Reverse osmosis (RO) Electro dialysis (ED) Capacitive deionization (CDI) Mechanical vapor compression (MVC) 9/21/2010 22 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi

42. Benefits & Applications of Membrane 9/21/2010 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi 23

43. CA membranes will reduce the cost of RO treatment processes RO processes are used in the production of food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, and chemical products. a new alternative to many areas where drinking water is in short supply. RO technologies can make use of use an almost unlimited and reliable water source, the sea. RO has a negligible environmental impact RO technologies can be used to remove organic and inorganic contaminants. Most economical process for salinity reduction associated with secondary effluent (or other wastewater source) TDS levels. 9/21/2010 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi 24

44. Future Aspects 9/21/2010 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi 25

45. Development of membranes that is less prone to fouling, operate at lower pressures, and require less pretreatment of the feed water. Membranes able to remove hydrocarbons and salt could turn produced water. Reduced fouling would make membranes even more cost effective by extending their operational lifetime. focused on surface modification of membranes and increasing the pretreatment of the feed water. Development of more energy-efficient technologies that are simpler to operate than the existing technology 9/21/2010 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi 26

46. “End of Presentation”DESIGNED BY: Adeel Fayyaz (12 – PE – 01) Rehan Hasan (12 –PE – 33) Zohaib Siddiqui(12 – PE – 44) 9/21/2010 Plastic Technology Center, Karachi 27