Elements & Principles of Art Through Photography

With
help
from:

Mrs.
Moncure
@/moncurephoto.weebly.com

Ms.
Rosania-‐Harvie
@www.nhvweb.net

¡  The
“building
block”
of
design.

¡  All
good
design
will
have
one
or
more
of

these
elements:
line,
color,
shape,
form,

texture,
space,
and
value.

¡  This
presentation
aims
to
show
you
some

illustrations
of
these
elements
through

photography.

It
could
also
be
done
through

other
art
methods,
such
as
painting,
fashion

design,
sculpture,
etc.

Line

A
line
is
one-‐dimensional
and

can
vary
in
width,
direction,
and

length.

Lines
also
can
deﬁne
the
edges

of
a
form.

Lines
can
be
horizontal,
vertical,

or
diagonal,
straight
or
curved,

thick
or
thin.

Leading
lines
draw
your
eye

around
the
composition.

Alfred
Steiglitz,
The
Steerage,
1907

Blurred
Line
Photography

¡  Lines:

§  Connect
information

§  Separate
information

§  Show
physical
or

chronological

movement
and

progression

¡  Lines:

§  Connect
information

§  Separate

information

§  Show
physical
or

chronological

movement
and

progression

Color

Color
has
three
main

characteristics:
hue
(red,

yellow,
green),
value
(how

light
or
dark
it
is),
and

intensity
(how
bright
or

dull
it
is).

Colors
can
also
be

described
as
warm
or
cool.

Furthermore,
there
is
black

&
white
and
also

monochromatic:
one
color

plus
its
tints
(adding
white)

and
shades
(adding
black).

Sandy
Skoglund,
Revenge
of
the
Goldﬁsh,

1981

Warm:

Magenta

Red

Orange

Yellow

Cool:

Green

Cyan

Blue

Purple

¡  Color:

§  Connects

information

§  Separates

information

§  Adds

emphasis

and
mood

Shape

Shape
is
two

dimensional,
with
a

height
and
width.

Organic
shapes
are

made
by
nature,

and
often
not

completely
deﬁned.

Inorganic
shapes

are
man-‐made,

such
as
triangles

and
rectangles.

Laszlo
Moholy-‐Nagy,
Photogram,
1924

¡  Shape:

§  Connects

information

§  Separates

information

Form

Form
is
three

dimensional,

has
height
and

width
and

depth.

Photographers

emphasize

form
by
the
use

of
highlights

and
shadows.
Ansel
Adams,
Mount
Williamson-‐
Clearing
Storm,
1944

¡  Form:

§  Gives
a

sense
of

dimension,

either
2D
or

3D

Texture

The
surface
quality
of
an

object
that
we
sense
through

touch.
All
objects
have
a

physical
texture
(think-‐

horse
hair,
dolphin
smooth).

In
a
two-‐dimensional
work,

texture
gives
a
visual
sense

of
how
an
object
depicted

would
feel
in
real
life
if

touched.

Kelly
Clark,
Tiger
Cat!,
2005

Meret
Oppenheim,
Objet

¡  Texture:

§  Gives
a
sense
of

tactile
feel
–
how

it
would
feel
to

the
touch
in
real

life

Space

Real
space
is
three

dimensional.
Space
in
a
work

of
art
refers
to
a
feeling
of

depth
or
three
dimensions.

It
can
also
refer
to
an
artist’s

use
of
the
area
around
the

picture
plane.

Positive
space:
the
space

occupied
by
the
primary

object.

Negative
space:
The
space

around
the
primary
object.

Josef
Koudelka,
Czechoslovakia,
1968

¡  Space:

§  Use
of
positive

space
connects

ideas,
showing

relationships

§  Use
of
negative

space
breaks
up

information,
making

it
easier
to
digest

¡  Space:

§  Use
of
positive

space
connects

ideas,
showing

relationships

§  Use
of
negative

space
breaks
up

information,

making
it
easier
to

digest

Value

Value
is
the

lightness
or

darkness
of
a

surface.
It
is

frequently
used

when
talking
about

shading,
but
is
also

important
in
the

study
of
color.

Ben
Von
Wong,
Redemption,
2012

¡  Value:

§  Similar
colour

value
connects

elements

§  Value
can

suggest

strength
of

relationship

§  Helps
create

mood

¡  The
principles
of
art
are
the
rules
or
guidelines

of
art.

¡  Used
to
organize
or
arrange
the
structural

elements
of
design.

¡  Principles
are
balance,
proportion,
rhythm,

emphasis,
harmony,
variety
and
unity.

Balance

Balance
is
similar
to
our

physical
sense
of
balance.

It
is
how
the
artist
uses

opposing
forces
in
a
way

that
results
in
visual

stability.

Most
successful

compositions
achieve

balance
in
one
of
two

ways:
symmetry
(the

same
on
both
sides,
like
a

butterﬂy
wing)
or

asymmetry.

Annie
Leibovitz

Proportion

Proportion
relates
to

the
relative
size
and

scale
of
the
various

elements
in
a
design.

Speciﬁcally,
the

relationship
between

the
objects.

Diane
Arbus,
A
Jewish
Giant
At
Home
With
His
Parents
in
the
Bronx,
NY,
1970

Museum
and
Institute
of
History
and
Science,
The
Dome
of
Santa
Maria
del
Fiore

Rhythm

Rhythm
in
an

artwork
indicates

movement
by
the

repetition
of

elements.

Rhythm
can
make

an
artwork
seem

active.

Robert
Capa,
D-‐Day
Landing,
1944

Christian
Ngo,
Glass
Bottles

Emphasis

Emphasis
is
to
make
one

part
of
an
artwork

dominant
over
the
other

parts.
It
attracts
the

viewer’s
eyes
to
a
place
of

special
importance
in
an

artwork.

Steve
McCurry,
Afghan
Girl,
1985

Ansel
Adams,
The
Tetons
and
the
Snake
River,
1942

Harmony

Harmony
is
the
pleasing

quality
achieved
by

diﬀerent
elements
of
a

composition
interacting

to
form
a
whole.

Harmony

is
often
accomplished

through
repetition
of
the

same
or
similar

characteristics.

Joel
Meyerowitz,
Cape
Light,
1979

Variety

Diﬀerences
achieved
by

opposing,
contrasting,

changing,
elaborating,

or
diversifying

elements
in
a

composition
to
add

individualism
and

interest.

William
Wegman,
B
is
for
Baker,
2012

Unity

Unity
is
the
result

of
bringing
the

elements
of
art
into

the
appropriate

ratio
between

harmony
and

variety
to
achieve

a
sense
of

oneness.
It
is
the

sense
that

everything
works

together
and
looks

like
it
ﬁts.

Mary
Ellen
Mark,
Monkey
Trainer’s
Daughter:
Indian
Street

Performers,
New
Delhi,
India,
1980

Elements & Principles of Art Through Photography

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