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SESSION 4 AN INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
REVIEW ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Research – basic concepts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
REVIEW OF SESSION 1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
REVIEW OF SESSION 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
REVIEW OF SESSION 2 ,[object Object],[object Object]
REVIEW OF SESSION 3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Research design vs. Research methods ,[object Object],[object Object],1. SAMPLING 2. DATA COLLECTION  3. DATA ANALYSIS  Research Design Research methods Sampling strategies
Quantitative vs. qualitative research ,[object Object],[object Object]
Method/Design vs. Instrument ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contents Consultancy on students’ study Writing up the research Processing interview data Processing questionnaire data Data analysis
[object Object]
Basic research process ,[object Object],1. Identify problem areas 2. Survey literature 3. Formulate research questions 4. Construct research design 5. Specify sources of data 6. Specify data collection & data analysis   procedures  7. Execute research plan 
Basic elements of a research report ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],
What does it mean by doing data analysis? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contents Consultation on students’ study Writing up the research Processing interview data Processing questionnaire data Data analysis
Contents Types of responses & quantification Descriptive univariate statistics Distribution Measures of central tendency Dispersion- Measures of variablity 
Types of responses & quantification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contents Types of responses & quantification Descriptive univariate statistics Distribution Measures of central tendency Dispersion- Measures of variablity  
Variable ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Descriptive statistics ,[object Object],[object Object]
Contents Types of responses & quantification Descriptive univariate statistics Distribution Measures of central tendency Dispersion- Measures of variablity   
Frequency distribution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Simple distribution (bar chart)
Grouped distribution (bar chart)
Cumulative  distribution (pie chart)
Contents Types of responses & quantification Descriptive univariate statistics Distribution Measures of central tendency Dispersion- Measures of variablity    
Measures of central tendency ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Measures of central tendency ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
Dispersion (variability) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Contents Types of responses & quantification Descriptive univariate statistics Distribution Measures of central tendency Dispersion- Measures of variablity     
[object Object]
Range ,[object Object],[object Object]
Standard Deviation ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
Test scores ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contents Consultancy on students’ study Writing up the research Processing interview data Processing questionnaire data Data analysis
Analyzing and using interview data ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Work out the common themes that emerge ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Work out the common themes that emerge ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contents Consultation on students’ study Writing up the research Processing interview data Processing questionnaire data Data analysis
Structure and elements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Main text ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
General style and format ,[object Object]
English academic writing style ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Complexity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Formality AVOID Colloquial  words  & expressions Abbreviated  forms 2-word  verbs Bullet  points Asking  questions
Objectivity ,[object Object],[object Object]
Objectivity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Explicitness ,[object Object],[object Object]
Hedging - useful language e.g. It may be possible to obtain .  e.g. It is important to develop .  e.g. It is useful to study .  To-clause + adjective 8. e.g. It could be the case that .  e.g. It might be suggested that .  e.g. There is every hope that .  That clauses 7. e.g. assumption, possibility, probability Modal nouns 6. e.g. certain, definite, clear, probable, possible Modal adjectives 5. e.g. certainly, definitely, clearly, probably, possibly, perhaps, conceivably,  Modal adverbs 4. e.g. often, sometimes, usually  Adverbs of frequency 4. e.g. will, must, would, may, might, could  Certain modal verbs: 3. e.g. believe, assume, suggest Certain lexical verbs 2. e.g. seem, tend, look like, appear to be, think, believe, doubt, be sure, indicate, suggest  Introductory verbs: 1.
Responsibility ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Verb Tenses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contents Consultancy on students’ study Writing up the research Processing interview data Processing questionnaire data Data analysis
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Student Research Session 4

  • 1. SESSION 4 AN INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
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  • 11. Contents Consultancy on students’ study Writing up the research Processing interview data Processing questionnaire data Data analysis
  • 12.
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  • 16. Contents Consultation on students’ study Writing up the research Processing interview data Processing questionnaire data Data analysis
  • 17. Contents Types of responses & quantification Descriptive univariate statistics Distribution Measures of central tendency Dispersion- Measures of variablity 
  • 18.
  • 19. Contents Types of responses & quantification Descriptive univariate statistics Distribution Measures of central tendency Dispersion- Measures of variablity  
  • 20.
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  • 22. Contents Types of responses & quantification Descriptive univariate statistics Distribution Measures of central tendency Dispersion- Measures of variablity   
  • 23.
  • 26. Cumulative distribution (pie chart)
  • 27. Contents Types of responses & quantification Descriptive univariate statistics Distribution Measures of central tendency Dispersion- Measures of variablity    
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  • 32. Contents Types of responses & quantification Descriptive univariate statistics Distribution Measures of central tendency Dispersion- Measures of variablity     
  • 33.
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  • 36.  
  • 37.
  • 38. Contents Consultancy on students’ study Writing up the research Processing interview data Processing questionnaire data Data analysis
  • 39.
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  • 42. Contents Consultation on students’ study Writing up the research Processing interview data Processing questionnaire data Data analysis
  • 43.
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  • 48. Formality AVOID Colloquial words & expressions Abbreviated forms 2-word verbs Bullet points Asking questions
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  • 52. Hedging - useful language e.g. It may be possible to obtain . e.g. It is important to develop . e.g. It is useful to study . To-clause + adjective 8. e.g. It could be the case that . e.g. It might be suggested that . e.g. There is every hope that . That clauses 7. e.g. assumption, possibility, probability Modal nouns 6. e.g. certain, definite, clear, probable, possible Modal adjectives 5. e.g. certainly, definitely, clearly, probably, possibly, perhaps, conceivably, Modal adverbs 4. e.g. often, sometimes, usually Adverbs of frequency 4. e.g. will, must, would, may, might, could Certain modal verbs: 3. e.g. believe, assume, suggest Certain lexical verbs 2. e.g. seem, tend, look like, appear to be, think, believe, doubt, be sure, indicate, suggest Introductory verbs: 1.
  • 53.
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  • 55. Contents Consultancy on students’ study Writing up the research Processing interview data Processing questionnaire data Data analysis
  • 56. Click to edit company slogan . Thank You !

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. cumulative: growing in amount, strength, or effect by small steps
  2. The eleventh score in the ordered set is the median score (87), because ten scores are on either side of it. If there were an even number of scores, say 20, the median would fall halfway between the tenth and eleventh scores in the ordered set (adding the two scores- the tenth and eleventh scores- together and dividing by two).
  3. It's kind of like taking a vacation where only the departure and the destination are important and the trip itself is ignored