1. Mi Libro De Gratimatico
Heli Tem

2. Table of Contents
3. Intro to Pred and Imp
4. Imperfect
5. Prederite
6. Formal Commands
7. Por and Para
8. Possessive adjectives and Pronouns
9. Subjunctive
10. Usas Expreciones de Subjunctive
11. Usted and Usteds / Emotion
12. Verbs of will and Influence
13. Subjunctive keys
14. Common Verbs
15. Doubt an Disbelief

3. Preterite and Imperfect
• These are two different forms of the past
tense in spanish. Neither of them are
interchangeable.
Preterite
Actions views by the
speaker.
Express the beginning
or end of past action
In as series of events.
Imperfect
This is an ongoing past
action. Other known as
reoccurring and also
describe emotional
states.

4. Imperfect
Tense
Ar
Er/Ir
Aba
Ia
Abas
Ias
Abamos
Iamos
Abais
Iaias
Aban
ian
-Car (yo form) -que
-Gar (yo form) -gue
-Zae (yo form) -ce
Cucaracha
Tener- Tuve
Estar- Estuve
Ir- Fui
Poner- Puse
Poder- Pude
Traje- Para Traer
Hacer- Hice
Haber- Hube
Dicir- Dije
Venir- Vine
Ver- Vi
Dar- Di
Triggers:
Frecuentemente
Generalmente
Muchas veces
Mucho
Siempre
A menudo
Ser/Ir
Fui
Fuiste
Fue
Fuimos
Fueron
Ver
Vi
Viste
Vio
Vimos
Vieron

5. Preterite
Cucaracha
Tener- Tuve
Estar- Estuve
Ir- Fui
Poner- Puse
Poder- Pude
Traje- Para Traer
Hacer- Hice
Haber- Hube
Dicir- Dije
Venir- Vine
Ver- Vi
Dar- Di
-Car (yo form) -que
-Gar (yo form) -gue
-Zae (yo form) -ce
Er/Ir Form
Yo
Tù
el/ella
Nosotros
ellos/ellas
-í
- iste
- iò
- imos
- ieron
Cucaracha Ending:
Yo
-e
Tù
-iste
Èl/ella
-o
Nosotros - imos
Ellos/ellas - ieron
Ser/Ir
Fui
Fuiste
Fue
Fuimos
Fueron
ar Form
Yo
tù
él/ella
Nosotros
Ellos/elllas
Ver
Vi
Viste
Vio
Vimos
Vieron
-
è
Aste
O
Amos
Aron
IR, SER, DAR, VER,AND HACER
DON’T FOLLOW THE REGULAR
RULE FOR VERBS

6. Formal Commands
1. Put the word in the ‘yo’
Irregular Formal Commands:
form
Infinitive Usted Ustedes
dè
den
2. Change to opposite vowel Dar
Estar
estè
estèn
3. Figure if its (+) or (-)
ir
vaya
vayan
rd
4. Put an accent mark 3
Saber
sepa
sepan
vowel from the end
Ser
sea
sean
5. (-) object pronouns goes
Verbs with irregualr “yo” forms stay
before cong. Verb
the same
6. If you add a syllable, must Sten changing verbs keep the stem
change that has been made
do this.
To make anything negative you put a
“no” infront of it

7. Por and Para
These both mean “for” yet depending on which is used, It will
change the meaning of the sentence so the difference is a must
to know
Por- goes through something motion or general location.
Duration of action, object or a search, which something is done
When giving an exact time ‘de’ is used instead of por. La manana
and la noche
Para- is used in Destination, Deadline or specific tine in the
future, purpose or goal, the recipient of something, comparisons
or opinions and employment
• Camine por el parque- I walked through the park.
• Camine para el parque- I walked towards the park

8. Possessive Adjectives and
Pronouns
-Short Form
Mi(s) Nuestro (a/os/as)
Tu(s) Vuestro (a/os/as)
Su(s) Su
-Long Form
Mio(a)(s) Nuestro(a)(s)
Tuyo(a)(s) Vuestro(a)(s)
Suyo(a)(s) Suyos(a)(s)
Pronouns
To form a possessive
pronoun-Use the long form of
the possessive
adjective
-Add le la los las
based on the gender
and number of the
noun

9. Subjunctive
Express:
- There are key things you look for in these type of 1.Will and influence
sentences.
2.Emotion
- The word “que”
3.Dout and Disbelief
- Special verb(importante etc)
- 2 clauses
4.Indefiniteness
-
The person the sentence is being referred to.
When an action is taking place- based on the mood
of speaker
- Contains the indicative mood
- That tells factual information
Ar
Er-Ir
e
a
es
as
emos
amos
en
an

10. Es malo que..
Es necesario
que..
Unas
Expresiones
para el
subjuntivo
Es triste
que…
Es urgente
que…
Es bueno que
Es importante
que…

11. Usted y Ustedes (affermative)
infinitive
usted present
subjunctive
usted formal
command
ustedes
present
subjunctive
ustedes formal
command
hablar
hable
hable
hablen
hablen
comer
coma
coma
coman
coman
vivir
viva
viva
vivan
vivan
Commands are used when ordering, or telling someone to do something.
This is often referred to as the "imperative" form of the verb.
When expressing a sense of emotion, there is no change in the subject.
This is where the infinitive form is used.
Infinitive is used when there is no change in the subject
If there is a change in the subject, then the subjunctive form is used
Its optional to use the word “que” depending on the text

12. Insistitirto insist
Importarto be
important
Rogar(o-ue)
To beg; to
plead
Sugerir (e-ie)
To suggest
Aconsejarto advise
Recomendar
(e-ie)- to
recommend
Prohibirto prohibit

13. Subjunctive Keys
1 “ SPAAACE”
2 TWO different objects
3 The word “que”
Ex: No juego a menos que juegues tambien
S- sin que (without)
P- para que (so that)
A- a fin que ( so that
A- antes de que (before)
A- a menos que (unless)
C- con tal de que (provided that)
E- en caso de que ( in case)

14. COMMON VERBS
Alegarse
– to be
happy
Molestarto bother
Es una
làstimait’s a
shame
Sentirto regret
or be
sorry
Tener
Miedoto be
afraid
Es
Estrañoits
strange
Es
Terribleits
terrible
Temer- to
be
concerned
Es ridículoits
rediculous
Gustar- to
be
pleasing
Es tristeits sad
Soprender
- to
surprise

15. Expressions of Doubt
Doubt and Disbelief
No dudar
Dudar- to doubt
Negar- to deny
No es cierto- not
true
When there is a change in the
subject, the subjunctive is used in
the subordinate clause
No negar
Cierto
The expression is followed
by the indicative in
affirmative sentences .
Negative sentences are
followed by the subj.