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Semantic Web An Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
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Agenda ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Innovazione
Innovazione oggi idea micro fenomeno macro fenomeno problemi innovare analizzare creare complessità = 6.000.000.000 persone
Innovazione: non tutto è controllabile idea micro fenomeno macro fenomeno problemi innovare analizzare creare complessità = magia
Innovazione: ruolo di scienza e ingegneria idea micro fenomeno macro fenomeno problemi innovare analizzare creare complessità = magia scienza ingegneria
Innovare … idea micro fenomeno innovare creare complessità
…  non è mai solo una questione di tecnologia idea micro fenomeno innovare soluzione  tecnica soluzione  sociale creare complessità
Un modello per studiare l’innovazione oggi idea micro fenomeno macro fenomeno problemi analizzare creare complessità soluzione  tecnica soluzione  sociale innovare
Il Web delle origini 1988 (CERN)
Analizziamo il Web delle origini (1988-1998) idea micro fenomeno macro fenomeno problemi analizzare creare complessità soluzione  tecnica soluzione  sociale innovare Non riesco ad accedere all’informazione Ipertesti + Internet WWW URI HTTP HTML Condividere  info e link  a cose  interessanti
Il Web delle origini (1990) [source:  http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/diagrams/history/proposal-fig1.gif  ] [source:  http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/diagrams/history/Architecture_crop.png  ]
Analizziamo il Web delle origini (1988-1998) idea micro fenomeno macro fenomeno problemi analizzare creare complessità soluzione  tecnica soluzione  sociale innovare Non riesco ad accedere all’informazione Ipertesti + Internet WWW URI HTTP HTML Esplosione del fenomeno Web Condividere  info e link  a cose  interessanti
The Web today Let’s browse together 2009 Map http://www.zoomorama.com/01-2477f0e8b447bb6570493cdac464c41f
Analizziamo il Web delle origini (1988-1998) idea micro fenomeno macro fenomeno problemi analizzare creare complessità soluzione  tecnica soluzione  sociale innovare Non riesco ad accedere all’informazione Ipertesti + Internet WWW URI HTTP HTML Esplosione del fenomeno Web Come trovo le pagine? Come posso scrivere? Condividere  info e link  a cose  interessanti
Come posso scrivere? … Web 2.0! (1998-2006) idea micro fenomeno macro fenomeno problemi analizzare creare complessità soluzione  tecnica soluzione  sociale innovare Come posso scrivere? wiki-wiki e Web-Log Web 2.0 wiki blog I fenomeni Wikipedia, blogosphere, … Come gestire tutta questa  info? Condividere  info e link  a cose  interessanti
Come trovo le pagine? … Google! (1998-oggi) idea micro fenomeno macro fenomeno problemi analizzare creare complessità soluzione  tecnica soluzione  sociale innovare Come trovo le pagine? Indici + eigenspace Google PageRank Il fenomeno Google Basta  cercare, vogliamo  trovare! Condividere  info e link  a cose  interessanti
Introduction Computer should understand more Large number of integrations -  ad hoc  -  pair-wise Too much information to browse, need for searching and mashing up automatically Each site is “understandable” for us Computers don’t “understand” much ? Millions of Applications Search &  Mash-up  Engine 010 0 1 1 0 0 1101 10100  10  0010 01  101  101  01 110  1 10  1 10  0 1  1 0 1 0  1  0 0  1  1 0  1  1 1  10  0 1  101 0 1
Introduction What does “understand” mean? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[ source  http://www.thefarside.com/  ]
Introduction What does Google “understand”? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Introduction Two ways for computer to  “understand” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Some NLP Related Entertainment  http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/ NL/amusement.html
Introduction   The Semantic Web  1/4 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Introduction   The Semantic Web  2/4 ,[object Object],Web 1.0 The Web Today
Introduction   The Semantic Web  3/4 ,[object Object],Human   understandable   but  “only”  machine-readable Human and machine “ understandable ” ? Web 1.0 Semantic Web
Introduction   The Semantic Web  4/4 Semantic Web Fewer Integration -  standard  -  multi-lateral […] better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation. Even More Applications Easier to understand for people More “understandable” for computers Semantic   Mash-ups & Search
Introduction   Semantic Web “layer cake” Standardized Under Investigation Already Possible [ source  http://www.w3.org/2007/03/layerCake.png  ]
Introduction   The “lower” layers are already useful Standardized Under Investigation Already Possible [ source  http://www.w3.org/2007/03/layerCake.png  ]
Introduction   Architectural view of the lower layers [source  http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/diagrams/sw-double-bus.png  ]
Introduction   What’s an ontology? Standardized Under Investigation Already Possible [ source  http://www.w3.org/2007/03/layerCake.png  ]
Introduction   Ontology definition Formal, explicit specification of a shared conceptualization [Studer(98)] Machine readable Several people agrees that such conceptual model is adequate to  describe  such  aspects of the reality A conceptual  model of some aspects of the reality It makes domain assumption explicit
Introduction   Esempio di Ontologia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Introduction   How explicit shall the specification be ? “ A  little semantics ,  goes a long way” [James Hendler, 2001] “ A Little Semantic Web Goes a Long Way in Biology” [ Wolstencroft et al., 2005]
Introduction   Light Example: Publishing Semantic Mark-up  ,[object Object],<div id=&quot;event-info-where&quot;  class=&quot;info-wh-info vcard &quot;>  <h2><a  rel=&quot;bookmark&quot; class=&quot;fn org location&quot;  href=&quot;/venues/V0-001-000693919-2&quot;> Circus Krone Munich </a></h2> <div  class=&quot;adr&quot; >  <span  class=&quot;street-address&quot; > 1 </span><br> <span  class=&quot;locality&quot; > Munich </span>, <span  class=&quot;region&quot; > Bayern </span> <br> <span  class=&quot;country-name&quot; > Germany </span>
Introduction   Example: Automatic Semantic mark-up  Normal page Page Augmented with Gnosis Firefox Extension Download Gnosis at  https://addons.mozilla.org/de/firefox/addon/3999
Introduction   Example: BBC’s Artist as Linked Data  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],HTML:  http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/a3cb23fc-acd3-4ce0-8f36-1e5aa6a18432   RDF :  http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/a3cb23fc-acd3-4ce0-8f36-1e5aa6a18432.rdf
Introduction   Complex Example: Linking Open Data Project ,[object Object],Visit  http://esw.w3.org/topic/SweoIG/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData  !  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Introduction   New York Times Thesaurus  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Introduction   Browsing the LOD with http://sig.ma/  Try it!  http://sig.ma/search?q=Propranolol
Introduction   The new era of Semantic Apps ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Analizziamo il Semantic Web idea micro fenomeno macro fenomeno problemi analizzare creare complessità soluzione  tecnica soluzione  sociale innovare Come gestire i dati sul Web? KR + Web Semantic Web RDF SPARQL SKOS OWL  RIF LOD ? Condividere  info e link  a cose  interessanti
Credits ,[object Object]
Semantic Web An Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Semantic Web, an introduction

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  • 5. Innovazione oggi idea micro fenomeno macro fenomeno problemi innovare analizzare creare complessità = 6.000.000.000 persone
  • 6. Innovazione: non tutto è controllabile idea micro fenomeno macro fenomeno problemi innovare analizzare creare complessità = magia
  • 7. Innovazione: ruolo di scienza e ingegneria idea micro fenomeno macro fenomeno problemi innovare analizzare creare complessità = magia scienza ingegneria
  • 8. Innovare … idea micro fenomeno innovare creare complessità
  • 9. … non è mai solo una questione di tecnologia idea micro fenomeno innovare soluzione tecnica soluzione sociale creare complessità
  • 10. Un modello per studiare l’innovazione oggi idea micro fenomeno macro fenomeno problemi analizzare creare complessità soluzione tecnica soluzione sociale innovare
  • 11. Il Web delle origini 1988 (CERN)
  • 12. Analizziamo il Web delle origini (1988-1998) idea micro fenomeno macro fenomeno problemi analizzare creare complessità soluzione tecnica soluzione sociale innovare Non riesco ad accedere all’informazione Ipertesti + Internet WWW URI HTTP HTML Condividere info e link a cose interessanti
  • 13. Il Web delle origini (1990) [source: http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/diagrams/history/proposal-fig1.gif ] [source: http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/diagrams/history/Architecture_crop.png ]
  • 14. Analizziamo il Web delle origini (1988-1998) idea micro fenomeno macro fenomeno problemi analizzare creare complessità soluzione tecnica soluzione sociale innovare Non riesco ad accedere all’informazione Ipertesti + Internet WWW URI HTTP HTML Esplosione del fenomeno Web Condividere info e link a cose interessanti
  • 15. The Web today Let’s browse together 2009 Map http://www.zoomorama.com/01-2477f0e8b447bb6570493cdac464c41f
  • 16. Analizziamo il Web delle origini (1988-1998) idea micro fenomeno macro fenomeno problemi analizzare creare complessità soluzione tecnica soluzione sociale innovare Non riesco ad accedere all’informazione Ipertesti + Internet WWW URI HTTP HTML Esplosione del fenomeno Web Come trovo le pagine? Come posso scrivere? Condividere info e link a cose interessanti
  • 17. Come posso scrivere? … Web 2.0! (1998-2006) idea micro fenomeno macro fenomeno problemi analizzare creare complessità soluzione tecnica soluzione sociale innovare Come posso scrivere? wiki-wiki e Web-Log Web 2.0 wiki blog I fenomeni Wikipedia, blogosphere, … Come gestire tutta questa info? Condividere info e link a cose interessanti
  • 18. Come trovo le pagine? … Google! (1998-oggi) idea micro fenomeno macro fenomeno problemi analizzare creare complessità soluzione tecnica soluzione sociale innovare Come trovo le pagine? Indici + eigenspace Google PageRank Il fenomeno Google Basta cercare, vogliamo trovare! Condividere info e link a cose interessanti
  • 19. Introduction Computer should understand more Large number of integrations - ad hoc - pair-wise Too much information to browse, need for searching and mashing up automatically Each site is “understandable” for us Computers don’t “understand” much ? Millions of Applications Search & Mash-up Engine 010 0 1 1 0 0 1101 10100 10 0010 01 101 101 01 110 1 10 1 10 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 10 0 1 101 0 1
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  • 26. Introduction The Semantic Web 4/4 Semantic Web Fewer Integration - standard - multi-lateral […] better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation. Even More Applications Easier to understand for people More “understandable” for computers Semantic Mash-ups & Search
  • 27. Introduction Semantic Web “layer cake” Standardized Under Investigation Already Possible [ source http://www.w3.org/2007/03/layerCake.png ]
  • 28. Introduction The “lower” layers are already useful Standardized Under Investigation Already Possible [ source http://www.w3.org/2007/03/layerCake.png ]
  • 29. Introduction Architectural view of the lower layers [source http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/diagrams/sw-double-bus.png ]
  • 30. Introduction What’s an ontology? Standardized Under Investigation Already Possible [ source http://www.w3.org/2007/03/layerCake.png ]
  • 31. Introduction Ontology definition Formal, explicit specification of a shared conceptualization [Studer(98)] Machine readable Several people agrees that such conceptual model is adequate to describe such aspects of the reality A conceptual model of some aspects of the reality It makes domain assumption explicit
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  • 33. Introduction How explicit shall the specification be ? “ A little semantics , goes a long way” [James Hendler, 2001] “ A Little Semantic Web Goes a Long Way in Biology” [ Wolstencroft et al., 2005]
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  • 35. Introduction Example: Automatic Semantic mark-up Normal page Page Augmented with Gnosis Firefox Extension Download Gnosis at https://addons.mozilla.org/de/firefox/addon/3999
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  • 39. Introduction Browsing the LOD with http://sig.ma/ Try it! http://sig.ma/search?q=Propranolol
  • 40.
  • 41. Analizziamo il Semantic Web idea micro fenomeno macro fenomeno problemi analizzare creare complessità soluzione tecnica soluzione sociale innovare Come gestire i dati sul Web? KR + Web Semantic Web RDF SPARQL SKOS OWL RIF LOD ? Condividere info e link a cose interessanti
  • 42.
  • 43.

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. 07/04/10 © 2005 - Della Valle - CEFRIEL