4. Great Content:
bad Slides will not damage the presentation...
Bad content:
great Slides cannot improve bad Content!
(Osterwalder A, 2006)
Aboubakr Elnashar
6. Know standard of the audience.
-Do they have a background like yours?
-Don’t assume the audience will all be experts.
-Never underestimate your audience!
Time allotted to you.
Aboubakr Elnashar
9. The slides should enhance the
presentation, not be the presentation (Compton
K, 2002)
Goals:
Convey the necessary information
Be readable/understandable
Be interesting (enough)
Avoid:
Over stimulation
Boring
Aboubakr Elnashar
10. 1. Outline slide
Start with
Main points
Follow the order of your outline for the
rest of the presentation
Aboubakr Elnashar
12. Avoid backgrounds that are distracting or difficult to
read from
Aboubakr Elnashar
13. 3. Structure
Write in point form (Bullets). DO NOT use
sentences or paragraphs.
Avoid wordiness: use key words& phrases
Simple image on every slide.
Balance of Slide Elements: text, graphics
{You want the audience to focus on what you
present, not the way you present}.
Aboubakr Elnashar
14. Bad
This page contains too many words for a
presentation slide. It is not written in point
form, making it difficult both for your
audience to read and for you to present each
point.Although there are exactly the same
number of points on this slide as the previous
slide, it looks much more complicated. In
short, your audience will spend too much
time trying to read this paragraph instead of
listening to you.
Aboubakr Elnashar
15. 4. Animation
Show one point at a time:
Audience concentrate on what you are saying
Prevent audience from reading ahead
keep your presentation focused
Aboubakr Elnashar
16. Use the “Slide show” - “animations” -”custom”-
option
Same animation
Simple "Wipe Left-to-Right" is good
Do not use:
Distracting animation
Move" or "Fly" {too tedious& slow}
(used in many presentations today).
Aboubakr Elnashar
17. 5.Bullets
3-6 bullets/ slide
4 if large title, logo, picture
Each bullet 1 line, 2 at the most.
This is known as “cueing”
“cue” the audience in what you
are going to say.
This gives the audience a
“framework” to build upon.
Aboubakr Elnashar
18. Crowded text: audience will not read it.
Reading speed does not match listening
speed:
confuse instead of reinforcing each
other.
Aboubakr Elnashar
19. 6. Fonts
Size:
Title: at least 28-point.
Text: at least 18-point
References: 14-point
Different size for main points& secondary points
Text can be read from the back of the room.
Aboubakr Elnashar
21. -Type
Main font: same
2 complementary fonts: Arial& Arial Bold.
Serif font:
e. g. Times New Roman
Used in documents filled with lots of text.
{Easier to read at small sizes}
Aboubakr Elnashar
22. San-serif fonts
Arial
Avoid: Script or Old English
Use a standard font: Times New Roman or
Arial.
Roman& Gothic are easier to read
Aboubakr Elnashar
23. - Caps
Do not use all capital letters
Makes text hard to read
Conceals acronyms
Denies their use for emphasis
-Italics
Used to highlight thoughts or ideas
Used for:
“quotes”, book, journal, or magazine titles
Aboubakr Elnashar
24. Bad
If you use a small font, your audience won’t be able to read what you have written
CAPITALIZE ONLYWHEN NECESSARY. IT IS
DIFFICULTTO READ
Don’t use a complicated font
Aboubakr Elnashar
25. 7. Color
Use color to:
Reinforce the logic of your structure
Emphasize a point (occasionally)
Font color that does not contrast with
the background is hard to read
Aboubakr Elnashar
26. Colors:
I. Cool:
blue& green
best for backgrounds {appear to recede away
from us into the background}.
II. Warm:
orange& red.
best for objects in the foreground (such as text)
{appear to be coming at us}.
Aboubakr Elnashar
27. The Color Wheel
Harmonizing: Adjacent colors
e.g. Green& Yellow
Contrasting=Complementary:
separated by another color
Clashing: Colors that are
directly opposite
e.g. yellow on blue.
Aboubakr Elnashar
28. Reds& oranges :
high-energy but difficult to stay focused on.
Greens, blues, and browns :
mellower, but not as attention grabbing.
Color font that contrasts sharply with the
background
blue font on white background
Yellow font on blue background
Aboubakr Elnashar
29. Avoid
color for decoration {distracting& annoying}.
Different color for each point
Different color for secondary points
Red-green combinations {7 % of population
are red-green colorblind}
Glaring colors
White font on Light Green, Light Blue or Pale
Yellow background
Usually can’t read this…
Aboubakr Elnashar
30. Dark room
white or light font on dark background
(dark blue, grey, etc.).
Good light Rooms: (which is highly
advisable)
Black or dark font on white background
Aboubakr Elnashar
31. Lots of people can’t read this –
and even if they could, it makes your eyes hurt.
Colour - Bad
Aboubakr Elnashar
32. 8. Illustrations
Diagrams are great communicators
(Well-drawn) pictures easier to
understand
Use only when needed, otherwise they
become distracters instead of
communicators
They should relate to the message&
help make a point
Aboubakr Elnashar
33. 9. Graphs
Use graphs:
Data in graphs is easier to comprehend &
retain than is raw data
Trends are easier to visualize in graphs
Graphs& figures:
large
Title
High-quality
Aboubakr Elnashar
34. Types
Pie Charts.
Used to show percentages.
Limit the slices to 4-6
contrast the most important slice either with color
or by exploding the slice.
Aboubakr Elnashar
35. Vertical Bar Charts.
Used to show changes in quantity over time.
Limit the bars to 4-8
Horizontal Bar Charts.
Used to compare quantities.
Aboubakr Elnashar
36. Line Charts.
Used to demonstrate trends.
Tables
Good for side-by-side comparisons of
quantitative data.
lacks impact on a visceral level.
Aboubakr Elnashar
39. Graphs - Bad
Minor gridlines are unnecessary
Font is too small
Colors are illogical
Title is missing
Shading is distracting
Aboubakr Elnashar
42. 10. Video clips
To show concrete examples
promote active cognitive processing,
{this natural way people learn}.
Illustrate your point better
Increase the interest of audience.
Aboubakr Elnashar
43. 11. Audio clips
As interviews.
Avoid
-Cheesy sound effects (sound of a horn or
clapping when transitioning slides).
-Extra sound effects attached to animations
{lose credibility with your audience}.
Aboubakr Elnashar
44. 12. Spelling& Grammar
Checked
If English is not your first language:
pls have someone else check your
presentation
Aboubakr Elnashar
45. 13. Conclusion
Effective& strong
Your audience is likely to remember your last
words
Conclusion slides:
Bring people back if they zoned out
Summarize the main points of presentation
Suggest future research
Aboubakr Elnashar
46. 14. Questions??
Avoid ending presentation abruptly
End with a simple question slide to:
Invite audience to ask questions
Provide a visual aid during question
period
Aboubakr Elnashar
48. Before the talk:
Practice in front of friends or using a video
camera& timer
Take criticism as constructive, not personally
Make changes well in advance
Know Your Location
Check the podium& AV equipment
How far is audience from screen?
Do you need a laser pointer?
Aboubakr Elnashar
49. At the start of the talk:
Thank the sponsor, panel
Start using an emotionally competent stimulus
Story
Question
Anecdote
Application
Aboubakr Elnashar
50. During the Talk:
Do not read your notes word for
word!
-It’s called a “presentation” & not “a reading” of
your work
-Reading a slide is annoying
-Do not read your slides like a script
-You should not simply be a text-to-speech
converter.
Aboubakr Elnashar
51. Do not use the media to hide you
Face the audience, not the screen
Make eye contact
Don’t pace up& down but also don’t
stand rigid
Aboubakr Elnashar
52. Are you hiding behind the podium?
Are your hands/face motionless?
Are you staring…
at your advisor/boss?
at your laptop?
at the screen?
at the ceiling?
Is your back to the audience?
IF SO… you’re probably BORING!
Dead Man Talking
Aboubakr Elnashar
53. Spend between 30sec- 2min/slide
Sometimes nerves make for fast talking
Calm down.
[It’s not a race
People need time to absorb information}
Aboubakr Elnashar
54. Not exceed your allotted time
You were poorly prepared
Have bad manners
If you’re running late:
skip
Don’t just talk faster!
Aboubakr Elnashar
55. Do be enthusiastic
Are you interested in your topic?
If no, get a different one!
If yes, act like it
If you aren’t excited…
Can’t expect other people to be!
Aboubakr Elnashar
56. Vary the tone of your voice, Vary your
tempo, volume, gestures
Microphone at middle of your chest
Not 2mm from your mouth
Modulate your voice evenly
If not using a mic – project your voice!
Aboubakr Elnashar
57. Don’t wave your pointer all over the slide
Do not point at everything
{Not everything is equally important}
Don’t point with your middle finger
Aboubakr Elnashar
58. Orient the audience:
Don’t take lots of drinks {distracting&
unprofessional}
Spend time on
graphs, charts, anatomy
Memorize the outline
Memorize the concluding sentence
Be able to recover from interruptions
Aboubakr Elnashar
59. Careful use of pause
When starting a major result
Raising a question
Showing a complicated fig
Avoid annoying mannerisms
Use of OK
Interrupting yourself with I mean or you know
Aboubakr Elnashar
60. At the end of the talk
Be prepared to get questions!
Move towards the person who asked it
Repeat or rephrase
“What if I don’t know the answer?”
Know when to say “I don’t know”
Know how to say “I don’t know”
Don’t be uncomfortabl
Aboubakr Elnashar
61. Close by thanking your audience
Plan to stay a while after talk
Audience may want to talk with you
Aboubakr Elnashar