Signals from the brain can be processed to improve quality of human life. Such is the aim of biotechnology, to harness cellular and biomolecular processes to develop technologies that can improve human life. How can brain computer interface (BCI) and artificial brain achieve that?

1. BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE AND ARTIFICIAL
BRAIN: INTERFACING MICROELECTRONICS AND THE
HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM
Mapúa Institute of Technology // 4th term, SY 2013-2014 // BIO20-1/A7
Rigor, Lady Krista V. // YANG, Reth Jeron H.

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Definition of Terms
 Human Visual System
 Brain Computer Interface
 Artificial Brain
 Summary
 Final quote
 Download links

3. INTRODUCTION
Biology TechnologyBiotechnology Human Eye
Brain Computer
Interface
Artificial Brain
Microelectronics
Brain Computer Interface
and Artificial Brain:
Interfacing
Microelectronics and the
Human Visual System

4. DEFINITION OF TERMS
 biotechnology
 technology based on biology
 harnesses cellular and biomolecular
processes to develop technologies and
products that help improve our lives and
the health of our planet
 used in diseases, environmental footprint,
food, energy, and industrial manufacturing
processes

5. DEFINITION OF TERMS
 interface
 shared boundary or connection between
two dissimilar objects, devices or systems
through which information is passed
 the physical boundary between two
subsystems or devices
 a part or circuit in some subsystem that
sends or receives signals to or from other
systems or subsystems

6. DEFINITION OF TERMS
 electronics
 a branch of physics that deals with the
emission, behavior, and effects of
electrons and with electronic devices
 semiconductors: diodes, transistors
 microelectronics
 study and manufacture of very small
electronic designs and components
 ICs

7. HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM: HOW DO WE SEE?
1. Light is focused primarily by the cornea.
2. The iris controls the amount of light reaching
the back of the eye by automatically adjusting
the size of the pupil.
3. The eye's crystalline lens is located directly
behind the pupil and further focuses light. This
lens helps the eye automatically focus on near
and approaching objects.
4. The light reaches the retina which converts
optical images into electronic signals.
5. The optic nerve then transmits these signals
to the visual cortex the part of the brain
that controls our sense of sight.

8. HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM: SENDING THE SIGNAL
1. Optic nerve

9. HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM: SENDING THE SIGNAL
1. Optic nerve
2. Optic chiasm
3. Optic tract
4. Lateral
geniculate
nucleus
(LGN)
5. Optic
radiation
6. Visual
cortex

10. BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE AND ARTIFICIAL BRAIN

11. BRAIN COMPUTER
INTERFACE
Introduction
Description
Process
Types of BCI
Bionic Eye
Video

12. BCI: INTRODUCTION
 BCI is a system for
controlling a device such as
computer by human
intention which does not
output pathway of peripheral
nerves and muscle.

13. BCI: DESCRIPTION
 It is the process of interacting between
human brain and machines such as
computer
 Allow disabled patients to control a
computer by conscious changes of brain
activity
 Provide a means of communication to
completely paralyzed person
 Can be used to control or select

14. BCI: PROCESS

15. TYPES OF BCI
 invasive
 implant electrodes directly onto a
 non-invasive
 scanning devices that read brain
signal

16. BIONIC EYE
 The first advanced prototype:
 contains 98 electrodes
 is capable of allowing patient to
distinguish light and dark
 can help patient navigate around
large objects
 could improve the quality of life for
the patients with severe mobility
and light perception issues

17. BIONIC EYE

18. ARTIFICIAL BRAIN
Description
Neuromorphic Hardware
Neural network simulation
Related Research
Other projects
Implications

19. AB: DESCRIPTION
 also called artificial mind and artificial
general intelligence (strong AI)
 used to describe research that aims to
develop software and hardware with
cognitive abilities similar to those of the
animal or human brain
 According to Markram and Kurzweil, the
whole brain simulation could be
completed around 2020

20. NEUROMORPHIC HARDWARE
 DARPA SyNAPSE Program
 Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable
Electronics
 an electronic microprocessor system that
matches a mammalian brain in function, size,
and power consumption
 a digital neurosynaptic core is used to
process neurons
 memristor chip is used for simultaneous
memory storage and logic processing

21. NEURAL NETWORK SIMULATION
 Blue Brain Project
 attempt to reverse engineer the human brain
and recreate it at the cellular level inside a
computer simulation
 goal: to gain a complete understanding of the
brain and to enable better and faster
development of brain disease treatments
 may exceed human intellectual capacity by
around 2015
 we will be able to download the human brain
at some time around 2050

22. NEURAL NETWORK SIMULATION
 Blue Brain Project
 data is acquired by taking brain slices,
placing them under microscope, and taking
needed measurements
 typed by morphology/shape,
electrophysiological behaviour, location within
the cortex, and their population density
 observations are translated to algorithms
 simulation by NEURON
 visualization by RTNeuron
 Blue Gene/P supercomputer

23. RELATED RESEARCH
 Google X
 secretive part of Google that experiments
with ambitious future technologies
 thought to include projects relating to
artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics
 co-founders of Google both said that their
ultimate aim is for Google Search to become
AI-complete
 Google Glass, driverless car, Majel (virtual
assistant in Android phones like Siri)

24. OTHER PROJECTS
 Neuromorphic hardware
 SpiNNaker Machine, BrainScaleS project,
CogniMem, Brain Corporation, Neurogrid,
Biomimetric Real-time Cortex (BioRC), MIT's
Silicon Synapse, Intel's neuromorphic hardware
 Neural network simulation
 Spaun, DigiCortex, OpenWorm, IBM Neural
Simulator, Synthetic Cognition at LANL
 Related research
 Vicarious, OpenCog, MoNETA, Neurona@Home,
Russia2045

25. IMPLICATIONS
 Two things can only
happen:
 Quality of life will be
greatly improved
 Robots might take over
the world

26. SUMMARY
 Biotechnology harnesses cellular and
biomolecular processes to develop
technologies and products that help improve
our lives and the health of our planet.

processes before we can see using our eyes.
 BCI using signals from the brain. Bionic eye is
created using BCI.
 There are still ongoing projects on forming
artificial brain. Once completed, it could either
be constructive or destructive to human life.

27. FINAL QUOTE
Everything we do, every thought we've
ever had, is produced by the human
brain. But exactly how it operates
remains one of the biggest unsolved
mysteries, and it seems the more we
probe its secrets, the more surprises we
find.
 Neil deGrasse Tyson

28. DOWNLOAD THIS PRESENTATION!
http://slideshare.net/ellekaie
http://tinyurl.com/bio201-bci-ab

29. THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING!