This is the 4th lecture in British civilization presented in the two last sessions. It provides an overview of British multi-cultural society highlighting both British reception of immigrants, and the différences between the ethnic groups.

2.  Minority
 Race
 Racism
 Ethnicity/Ethnic Group

3. Minority: less than half the whole
Race: common origin & genetic characteristics
Racism: belief that members of 1 race are
inferior or superior to another race,
and hostility to other races.
Ethnicity: Common consciousness of shared
origins and traditions.
Differences are cultural and not biological.
Ethnic identity linked to national, linguistic
and religious identity.

4.  Segregation
 Discrimiination
 Assimilation

5.  Segregation: Groups live apart, either by
minority choice or majority imposition.
 Discrimination: the practice of treating
people unfairly & differently from other
people.
 Assimilation: Disappearance of
distinctions, + movement and marriage
between ethnic groups
 Coexistence of different groups with
different values with no complete
assimilation.
 Multiculturalism: diversity of groups
which remain culturally distinct.

6. White
88%
Other
12%

7. 1914-1918
WWI Men from across the Empire
fought for Britain
India: 1.3 M Soldiers
Government feared the impact
of black faces in white Britain

8. British Troops
The British Indian Army
1.3 million men
served in WW1,
and 2.5 million
in WW2.
Volunteer
Indian Soldiers
under British
officers.

9.  Before the Second World War, most
immigrants to Britain came from the
largely white Old Commonwealth
countries of Canada, Australia and New
Zealand, and from South Africa.
 All Commonwealth citizens were allowed
free access and were not treated as
aliens.

10. 1946-1948
Labour shortages in Britain. The
government began looking for
immigrants.
157,000 Poles settled in the UK (joined by
Italians)
Reluctance to allow immigration from the
empire, but not enough workers from
Europe.
Visuals

11.  At the invitation of government agencies
immigrants came to fill the vacant manual
and lower-paid jobs of an expanding
economy
 People from non-white New Commonwealth
nations of India, Pakistan and the West Indies
came to Britain
 On 22 June 1948, hundreds of men from the
West Indies were brought to London.

16.  Ends discrimination on the grounds of race,
ethnic or national origins
 Outlaws discrimination in public places
legislation considered weak by labour
backbenchers and anti-racist groups
Extended in1968 to cover employment &
housing

17.  Better definition of direct and indirect
discrimination
 outlawed racial discrimination in the work
place and at school, in provision of goods
and services,
 created CRE (Commission for Racial Equality)
to investigate unlawful discrimination.
 But tightened immigration standards

18. A black British man from
South East London.
Was murdered in a racist
attack while waiting for a
bus on the evening of 22
April 1993.
Two of the 5
perpetrators were
convicted almost 20
years later in 2012.

19.  A public enquiry was ordered into the death
of Stephen Lawrence conducted by
Macpherson
 Following Macpherson's report, the 1976 Act
was amended in 2000 to include the police
for the first time.
 Public bodies must promote race equality &
prevent race discrimination.
 Efforts to increase minority ethnic staff.

20.  White population: 87.9%

21.  White population: 55 M
 Total Asians: 4.4 M
◦ Indian 1.5
◦ Pakistani 1.2
◦ Bangladeshi 450,000
◦ Chinese 420,000
 Total Blacks:4.9 M

22. 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
Bangladeshi
Pakistani
White and Black Caribbean
Black Caribbean
Other Black
Indian

23. 2/5th of people from ethnic minorities live in low-
income households, twice the rate for White people.

24. Limiting long-term illness as compared to White
British

25.  Minorities have their own newspapers:
Caribbean Time, Asian Time and Amar Deep
Hindi
 They have their own political organizations:
The Standing Conference of Afro-
Caribbean
The Asian Councilors
The Black Against State Harassment
and Repression Groups
The Muslim Parliament

26.  Household size: largest for Bangladeshi and
Pakistani
 Employment: Indians were least
disadvantaged & Bangladeshis most
disadvantaged.
 Home ownership: Indians &Pakistanis higher
/ Caribbean and Bangladeshi rented houses
 Cars: Highest for Indians lowest for
Bangladeshi

27.  Ability to speak and read English: greatest
among Indians and least among Bangladeshis
 Patterns of religious affiliation:
- All Pakistanis and Bangladeshis Muslims
- Indians split: Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims.
- Caribbeans mainly Protestant or Catholic

28.  the Civil Service: In 2015, 11% of Civil
Servants were from minority ethnic groups.
This compares with 7% in the UK Armed
Forces.

29.  the NHS has the
largest share of
ethnic minorities.
18% of all NHS staff
and around 41% of
Doctors in England
are from an ethnic
minority
background.

31.  6% of Members of both Houses are from an
ethnic minority background.
Lady Doreen Lawrence
Mother of Stephen
Lawrence takes her seat in
the House of Lords , 2013

32.  Born in Tooting, South London to a working-
class British Pakistani family
The Right Honourable, Sadiq Khan, 3rd Mayor of
London
end