The changing nature of scholarly resources, knowledge access, rising expectations of end users and public services staff asked us to revisit opportunities for academic libraries as gateways, archives, place, buyers, universal digital library infrastructure, etc. If we say that each media type requires new devices, equipment, computing power and others to create, process, manage, publish, and display its content, then the increasingly digital nature of library resources demand similar capability. In the presentation, the answer to meet these challenges facing metadata services lie in 1) treating info as product; 2) providing support for a well-established, ubiquitous, pervasive, reliable, configurable, robust, and public accessible information infrastructure and computing environment, which integrate people, organizations, processes, data, information, and technologies in such a coherent manner that the objectives of a digital library can be performed, measured and controlled at the lowest meaningful and atomic level; 3) providing support for relevant, engaged, and customized information contents and services, which cover all resources, all vocabularies, and all languages to any given user at any time with critical mass in compliance with control objectives and process maturity measures for info systems and enterprise architecture defined by COBIT 5.0, TOGAF 9.0, and leveraged by library-specific IT industry; and 4) empowering the whole brain team using leadership, communication skills, project management, analytical skills, collaboration, and teamwork.

1. Challenges Facing Metadata
Services/Cataloging
Departments (MSD)
University of Maryland Libraries
College Park, MD, Nov. 9, 2011
Presenter: Amanda Xu
Candidate for Head, Metadata Services Dept., Univ. Of
Maryland, Univ. Libraries
Amanda_xu@yahoo.com
Logo Source: University of Maryland. ”Transforming Maryland: Higher Expectations.”
Executive Summary of Strategic Plan PowerPoint, slide#18.
Retrieved from http://www.umd.edu/strat_plan/index.cfm

2.  Challenges Facing Metadata
Services/Cataloging Departments (MSD)
in Alignment with Core Values and
Principles of the University of
Maryland, & Changing Nature of
Scholarly Resources and Knowledge
Access, etc.
 Answers to the Challenges Based on
Personal
Knowledge, Education, Experience
Overview

3. Core Values and Principles
• Build inclusive community
• Embrace the power of technology
• Act with entrepreneurial spirit
• Take responsibility for the future
Source: University of Maryland. ”Transforming Maryland: Higher Expectations.” Executive
Summary of Strategic Plan PowerPoint, slide#2 & 18.
Retrieved from http://www.umd.edu/strat_plan/index.cfm

4.  “Ask self-examination
 “Value excellence, diversity and questions – „Who are we?
inclusiveness; What is our mission?‟
 Value innovation and  Ask self-evaluation
creativity; question – „How good are
we? What are our
 Value high ethical standards; challenges and
 Value civility and collegiality opportunities‟
 Value openness and  Ask self-determination
question – „Are we
accountability “ committed to moving to
the next level among
world-class universities?‟
„What do we expect from
ourselves and those we
serve?‟ ”
 Source: University of Maryland. “Transform
Maryland: Higher Expectations.” Strategic
Plan Executive Summary PowerPoint, slide#2
&16. Retrieved from
http://www.umd.edu/strat_plan/index.cfm
What Does it Mean to Metadata
Services & Cataloging Dept. (MSD)?

5. 1. Changing Nature of 6. Rising Expectations of End
Scholarly Resources Users using Web as
2. Changing Nature of Infrastructure for
Knowledge Access Research, Teaching &
3. Economic Challenges Learning
and Opportunities for 7. Rising Expectations of
Academic Libraries as Public Services Staff using
Gateways, Archives, a Web as Infrastructure
Place, Buyers, etc. 8. MSD in Alignment to Core
4. Increasing Digital Nature Values and Mission of
of Library Collections – UM, Changing Nature of
Information as Product Resources, and Need of
5. Innovative Approaches Library Users and Public
to Bibliographic Control Services Staff
What Does it Mean to Metadata
Services & Cataloging Dept. (MSD)?

6. Trends
Issues
Access methods
Systematic Approaches
Publishing Participatory
Contribution
Changing Nature of Scholarly Resources –
Research (1)

7. Trends
Issues
Access methods
Systematic Approaches
Participatory
Scholarly Publishing Contribution
Communications
Changing Nature of Scholarly
Resources – Research (2)

8. Trends
Issues
Access methods
Systematic Approaches
Scholarly Publishing Participatory
Communications Contribution
Changing Nature of Scholarly
Resources - Teaching & Learning (3)

9. Trends
Issues
Access methods
Systematic Approaches
Scholarly Publishing Participatory
Communications Contribution
Changing Nature of Scholarly
Resources – Teaching & Learning(4)

10. Create Expertise
Services
Changing Nature of Knowledge Access –
Knowledge Creation as Researcher (1)

11. Trends
Issues
Access methods
Systematic Approaches
Scholarly Publishing Participatory
Communications Contribution
Changing Nature of Knowledge Access – Knowledge
Creation and Dissemination Process (2)

12.  Metadata standards  Service-centered
 Bibliographic control Approaches
 Authority control ◦ Alignment to
Institutional Goals
 Knowledge
◦ Service Improvement
Management to End Users and
Library Colleagues
Changing Nature of Knowledge
Access – MSD (3)

13. “ Provide instant access to electronic library holdings and
resources of multiple arrays deemed essential for scholars,
students and the public”
• MSD – Supporting library‟s role as gateways to info
space by embedding library resources, bibliographic
data, authority data, holdings data, user data, and
linkages optimized into the context of user preferred
experience:Programs as Research Toolkit –
• Academic
Expertise/Tools/Resources/Services/Infrastructure
LMS (Learning Management Systems)/CMS (Course
Management Systems) / GIS (Geographic Information
Services) / Research Statistical Services / Discovery
Services / Google enterprise search /Library portals …
• MSD - Ensuring linked data quality by providing complete,
clean, consistent, secured, and current data for holdings,
resource identity, etc. in compliance with bibliographic
control standards, provisions of use, privacy, and info security
in cost effective manner
Library as Gateways

14. “With greater capacity for resources”
MSD – Honoring tradition by continuously
selecting, acquiring, organizing, maintaining, tracking and
reporting, evaluating active holdings for
print, media, electronic, and other resources of all types via
integrated library systems, and any other external systems in the
network
“ Social learning and social networking”
MSD – Embracing changes to the library landscape by
incorporating the appropriate toolkit/infrastructure into the library
that supports social learning and networking, including using Web
as infrastructure with optimized processes and control
objectives, e.g. strategic alignment, change
management, performance measures, process maturity
measures, etc.
“ Scholarly community and intellectual engagement”
MSD – Participating in the infrastructure development for effective
dissemination of ideas in the form of talks, exhibits, and forums.
Library as a Place

15. “ Advanced technology for digital resources curation, production &
preservation of text, images, sound, videos customized to the user
community of the academic library upon request”
1. MSD - Developing in-house expertise in digital
resources curation, production & preservation;
2. MSD - Providing trainings for staff to be fluent with
digital resources curation, production & preservation
standards, best practices, and tools;
3. MSD – Actively participating in lab development for
creation, conversion, preservation, digitization in
collaboration with content & tech
partners, especially Special Collections, Research
Port, IT Unit, and others
Library as Archives

16. Selectively acquiring or subscribing or on-demand distributing
critical mass of information resources by discipline, e.g. Linked
Library Data, Z39.50, EDI, OpenURL, OAI, Web Services API,
XML/XSL, and ILS:
1. MSD – Providing metadata support to enable the next
generation of library technologies in collection development,
acquisitions, cataloging, serials control, ERMS (Electronic
Resources Management Systems), and linked data in highly
integrated, automated and maintainable computing
environment;
2. MSD – Improving IT infrastructure of the library for auto-
processing information resources in various formats in
collaboration with external and internal partners & in
compliance with control objectives and process maturity
measures for info systems and enterprise architecture defined
by COBIT 5.0, TOGAF 9.0, and leveraged by library-specific IT
industry as super users;
Library as a Buyer – Resource Processing

17. 11. Auto citation integration
1. ILS 12. Data & record management
2. ERMS for institution and archival
3. Full-text A-Z contents
4. Discovery services 13. Library portals for library
5. Google Search Appliance content and service distribution
6. Link Resolver toolkit/framework/infrastructure
7. ILL •Research Port
8. eReserve •OAI & community-based
9. eReferences portals
10.Integrated support for 14.
specialized services with Measures, evaluation, refinement
CMS, LMS, social media , & strategic alignment
sites, location-based
services, etc.
Library as a Buyer – Service Point

18. MSD - Providing support for a well-established, ubiquitous, pervasive,
reliable, configurable, robust, and public accessible information
infrastructure and computing environment, which integrate people,
organizations, processes, data, information, and technologies in such a
coherent manner that the objectives of a digital library can be
performed, measured and controlled at the lowest meaningful and
atomic level;
MSD - Providing support for relevant, engaged, and customized
information contents and services, which cover all resources, all
vocabularies, and all languages to any given user at any time with
critical mass in compliance with control objectives and process
maturity measures for info systems and enterprise architecture defined
by COBIT 5.0, TOGAF 9.0, and leveraged by library-specific IT
industry;
MSD - Empowering the whole brain team using leadership,
communication skills, project management, analytical skills,
collaboration, and teamwork.
Library as A Universal Digital Library
Infrastructure

19. D-Lib Infrastructures, Learning Places, Problem-Solving, Compliance •Institutionalizing What
Works Well &Refining
or Retiring What’s Not
•Tracing & Assessing D-Lib Research
Info Needs for D-Lib Research Penetration Maturity Level
Penetration 360 ° in Compliance to
Industry Standards for Capability
Maturity Level, Customer
Satisfaction, Quality Control, TCO,
Web-scaled Infrastructures, etc.
•Embedding D-Lib Research into LMS, Social Media
Sites, and Other Users’ Experience
Ubiquitously, Pervasively & Intentionally
•Enhancing D-Lib Research Content, Pedagogy, Skills, etc
•Training Lib Faculty and Staff
•Establishing D-Lib Research Penetration Core Competence
Team & Center of Excellence
•Defining Baselines for D-Lib Research Penetration
•Checking Reality – Champions, Niche Players, Innovators,
Challengers, etc. among Peer-Institutions
Process Requirements & Level of D-Lib Research Penetration in LMS &
Social Media Sites
Info Needs & Process Requirements for D-Lib Research Penetration into LMS &
Social Media Sites Using Student-Centered Approach [1], [2], [3]
6/17/2010
axu@mtsu.edu Slide 19 of 1

20. Increasing Digital Nature of Lib Content - Info as Product
•Tools/Solutions/Services/Expe • All resources/models
rtise • All vocabularies
•Gateways, Archives, Place, Buy
ers
• All media types
•Universal D-Lib Infrastructure • All formats
•D-Lib Research Hub & Toolkit • All languages
•Resources & Data Management • All locations
•Connect/Social/Location • All timelines
•/Collaborate Embedding • All profiles
•People/Team/Community Enabling Resources/
•/Project Technology Services
•/Process Management
•Outreach - Partners &
Customers
User
Experience Context
•Mobile/Social/Cultural/ (Teaching, ual •Physical/Online/Cloud
Local/Augmented Learning, Distributi •/Ubiquitous/NFC/Virtual
•Semantic/analytical/vis Researching) on Reality
ualizing
•Browsers/Desktops/Device
•3D/Surface Touching
s/Mobiles/Sensors/Environ
•Multimodal interfaces ments
•Language •Channeling Through
•Disciplines Traditional & Emerging
•Usability Value-Chains
20
•Accessibility • Customized/Personalized/
Intentional/Experiential

21. Increasing Digital Nature of Lib Content – Info
As Product ->The Process Enablers
Technology
/Infrastructure
1. Plan &
Organize
2. Acquire &
User Implement
experie 3. Deliver & Resources/
nce Support Services
4.
Measure, Eval
uate & Refine
Distribution
21

22. Increasing Digital Nature of Lib Content – Info
As Product -> The People/Team Enablers
Awareness, communication & training
Policies, plans & procedures
Tools & automation
Skills, expertise & fitness
Responsibility & accountability
Goal & scope setting, measurement, team
building, buy-in, consensus, expectations
22

23. Increasing Digital Nature of Library Contents –
Info as Product -> The Measurement Enablers
23

24. Increasing Digital Nature of Library Collection –
Information as Product –>Technical Enabler (1)
 Project management, enterprise architecture (EA), EA
modeling and business process modeling
 Content capturing
 Content modeling and content management systems
 Search engine services
 Enterprise service bus (ESB) and service-oriented
architecture (SOA)
 Relational, multidimensional and ontological database
management systems and administration
 Portal solutions
 Customer relationship management
 Service resolution management
 Business intelligence and reporting
 Specialized content and services, e.g. location as
service, IaaS, Intentional Discovery, etc.
 Information security

25. Increasing Digital Nature of Library Collection –
Information as Product ->Technical Enabler (2)

26. Increasing Digital Nature of Library Collection –
Information as Product ->Technical Enabler (3)

27.  21st century enrollment
◦ New students, new technologies and new senses
◦ Media savvy, and always connected
 Teaching and learning 21st century skills
◦ Digital divide between faculty and students
◦ Mending the gaps by Library
 Digital age literacy
 Inventive thinking
 Effective communication
 High productivity
 21st century research
◦ Cyber infrastructure for research in science, engineering,
humanities and social sciences
 One to one engagement
Rising Expectations of End Users Using Web
As Infrastructure (1)

28. Rising Expectations of Public Services
Staff Using Web As Infrastructure (2)
 Self-services
 Few interfaces & end points for services
 Relevant and connected
 User experience
 On-demand generation of info resources, e.g.
tutorials for info literacy, RSS, distance
learners, etc.
 Instructions & reference services
 Liaison services to labs, centers, and
departments, etc.
 Training & being trained

29. Answers to Challenges
 Discovery Systems  Knowledge access
 Leadership & strategies
Expertise ◦ Define
 Project ◦ Setup metrics
◦ Evaluate
management, Analysi
◦ Measure
s & Teamwork
◦ Refine
 Workflows &
 Innovative approach
Communications
◦ Alignment to rubrics for
 Training teaching, learning, rese
 Partnerships arch assessment

30. Metadata Services Cataloging Dept
 Resources, standards &
technologies proliferation  Quantity & quality &
variations
 Profile-
 Parallel development
based, crosswalk, conversion
 Engagement relevance
 Interchange, reuse, participa  Rapid changes &
tory backward compatible
 Global access to data  Increasingly digital
 Info processing increasingly  Updatable
using Web as Infrastructure  Reduce cost and stay
 Modeling from content visible as part of the
creation tools pursuit of excellence at
UM
 Tie user experience in
content
design, integration, analysis,
enhancement
 Simulation
Answers to Challenges
 Visualization

31. Innovative Approaches to Bibliographic Control
(1)
◦ A library resource is increasingly becoming an info
product, e.g. parts of a book or collection of books
aggregated, distributed, and disaggregated in
heterogeneous computing environment with end service
point on the Web platform geared toward a specific user
group community, who are the supporters of the library
services (M.V.C. & M.G.C.);
◦ Unified/federated/discovery approach to bibliographic
control of library resources purchased, licensed, in-house
developed, or freely available in the public domain
through common infrastructures
compostable, comparable and maintainable at
presentation layer, application layer, service
layer, business logic layer, database layer, network
layer, content model layer, etc. in design-
time, development-time, run-time, and operational
environment;

32. Innovative Approaches to Bibliographic Control (2)
 Any collection of electronic data, from library catalogs
to collections of full-text packages whether structured
or unstructured in any media type on the Internet can
be:
◦ Interwoven with enterprise-wide resources, processes,
services, systems and devices
◦ Mined through automated means, e.g. named entity and
noun phrases extraction, analysis, association, and
interpretation
◦ Sliced and diced for better forecasting and decision making
using data warehousing and business intelligence packages
on things such as library collection development,
assessment, and re-organization
 Bibliographic control is increasingly a matter of
managing relationships – among works, names,
concepts, and object descriptions across communities
with emphasis on reuse, scalability, maintainability,
traceability, efficiency, and productivity using Web as
Infrastructure

33. Innovative Approaches to Bibliographic Control (3)
 Traditional information context
◦ Markup
◦ Types – Descriptive, Technical, Administrative, Structural,
Preservation;
◦ Typical library metadata schemes – MARC, TEI, EAD, Dublin Core,
VRA, MODS, MIX, METS, PREMIS, CDWA, OAI-PHM
◦ A metadata scheme specifies – structure, syntax, content
◦ Crosswalks among metadata schemas
◦ Maintenance – validation, CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) &
archive
 Digital information context
◦ Linked Data & Internet of Things
◦ CIA – Confidential, Integrity, Available
◦ Process maturity measures
◦ Adaptable, maintainable & lifecycle
◦ Separation of concerns: rules; patterns; structures, behavior &
user experience

34. Infrastructure and
Academic Support // We
will build an infrastructure
and academic support
systems essential to a
world-class university.
Source: University of Maryland. ”Transforming Maryland:
Higher Expectations.” Executive Summary of Strategic Plan
PowerPoint, slide#14.
Retrieved from http://www.umd.edu/strat_plan/index.cfm

35. MSD Alignment to Core Values and Mission of
University, and to Changing Need of Library Users
and Public Services Staff – Understand Users’
Perspectives (1)
 What data are involved with the systems?
 How and what are expected systems behavior?
 Where are the logistics of the network for the
systems?
 Who are the users, and what are their access rights
and
privileges for the systems?
 When and what system procedures will be generated
for what business activities? Contextual-level req.?
 Why or what are purposes for the system functions to
be built?

36. MSD Alignment to Core Values and Mission of
UM, and to Changing Need of Library Users and
Public Services Staff – Understand Users’
Perspectives (2)

37. MSD Alignment to Core Values and Mission of UM, to
Changing Needs of Users and Public Service Staff -
Business Process Management (3)
MSD
BPM
Processes
People
Domains
Organizations
Tech &
Distribution
Context & culture

38. MSD Alignment to Core Values and Mission of UM, and
Changing Needs of Users and Public Service Staff -
Control Objectives for Info Systems Defined by COBIT
5.0 (4)

39. MSD Alignment to Core Values and Mission of UM, and
Changing Needs of Users and Public Service Staff - Enterprise
Architecture Best Practices Defined by TOGAF 9.0 (5)

40. References
IT Governance Institute. 2007. “Figure 13 – Generic Maturity
Model.” COBIT Framework, p. 19.
IT Governance Institute. 2007. “Figure 15 – Maturity Attribute Table.”
COBIT Framework. p. 21.
ISACA. Figure 3 – COBIT 5 Information Reference Model. COBIT 5
Design Paper Exposure Draft, March 18, 2010.
Lynch, C. (2009). Digital Dilemmas Symposium:
Challenges, Opportunities, Solutions, METRO, New York, NY, April
16, 2009.
Lee, Y. W., Pipino, L. L., Funk, J. D., Wang, R. Y. (2006). “Managing
information as product.” Journey to Data Quality. Cambridge: MIT
Press. pp. 125-135.
Marcum, D. B. (2008). “LC Response to On the Record: Report of the
Library of Congress Working Group on the Future of Bibliographic
Control.” Retrieved from http://www.loc.gov/bibliographic-
future/news/LCWGResponse-Marcum-Final-061008.pdf.
Open Group Adoption Strategy Working Group. (2009, April). “Figure
2: Enterprise architecture capability model.” World-Class Enterprise
Architecture Framework Guidance and TOGAF 9 Example.
Schonfeld, R. (2009). Digital Dilemmas Symposium:
Challenges, Opportunities, Solutions, METRO, New York, NY, April
16, 2009.