3. The Romanesque artistic style developed in
feudal Europe between the 11th and 13th
centuries.
The most important Romanesque buildings
were churches and monasteries, filled with
paintings and sculptures that depicted
passages from the Bible to a largely illiterate
population.
Vocabulary:
- to depict: representar
- illiterate: analfabeto
- sought (past of seek): buscaba
- hence: de ahí
- to strength: fortalecer
Romanesque art and culture was deeply religious and sought to strengthen people's
Christian beliefs.
The style adapted some Roman elements (semi-circular arch and vault) and developed
alongside the Romance languages, hence the origin of its name
4. The Romanesque style
spread across Europe thanks
to:
- The cult of the relic (part of
the body or object belonging
to a saint), which were kept
and venerated in churches.
- Pilgrimage routes to a
sacred place, because
Romanesque art initially
developed along the routes.
6. Definition of vault: an arched structure
that forms a ceiling
Barrel vault: ceiling or roof consisting of
a series of semi-circular arches, divided
into sections by arches.
In Spanish: bóveda de cañón)
The central nave of the Church of
La Madeleine in Veselay (France).
7. Groin vault: the intersection
of two barrel vault resulted in
the groin vault. It is much
lighter and is supported by
four pillars that transmit the
vault’s weight onto the
exterior walls.
Abbey Church of Sainte-Foy,
France
9. Sculpture, like painting, was used to teach the Christian doctrine.
To convey these teachings, sculptures were put in visible places in
churches: doorways, capitals, doorframes, columns, corbels, cornices,
etc.
Most sculptures had a religious, symbolic and spiritual theme, but
some were scenes of everyday life that give us an idea of what feudal
society was like.
Romanesque Sculpture
10. Romanesque Sculpture
The Virgin of Vico, in
Arnedo (La Rioja), 12th
Century.
The Batlló
Majesty, in
Barcelona,
12th Century.
Free-standing sculpture
(religious carvings made of
wood and brightly colored
polychrome were found in
church altars)
12. Moissac Abbey, France
In the tympanum, above the portal, is
represented Christ in Majesty (sitting on a
throne). In the lintel, doorframe and archivolts
scenes from the bible, figures of apostles or
saints, animals and geometric motifs.
Entrances: a stone Bible
13. Romanesque Painting
Royal Pantheon in the
Basilica of San Isidoro
(León)
The functions of Romanesque
painting were educational (to
teach the faithful),
moralising (helping people to
distinguish right from wrong)
and decorative (to cover the
cold, stone walls).
Types of paintings:
Frescos, panel paintings and
miniatures.
14. Hermitage of San
Baudelio de Berlanga
(Soria)
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermita_de_San_Baudelio_de_Berlanga
https://www.museodelprado.es/coleccion/obra-de-arte/elefante-ermita-de-san-baudelio-casillas-de/ce77333
2-e8dd-447c-bd22-b57c0778a120
ia.org/wiki/Ermita_de_San_Baudelio_de_Berlanga
15. Illuminated manuscript page from a collection of psalms, 1300.
Miniatures were important for decorating and
illustrating religious books or manuscripts.
Manuscripts had no indexes. In order to find pages
quickly, copyists drew coloured pictures, which
represented the theme of the text, at the beginning of
paragraphs.
Monks transcribing texts in a scriptorium, depicted in a
painting from 1040.
17. The Gothic artistic style
developed in the High and Late
Middle Ages (12-15th
centuries), a time of economic
and urban growth that led to:
- Increased in education
- spread of vernacular
languages
- development of schools
- first universities
- new role of the Church
The courtyard of the University of
Salamanca, Spain’s first University
18. Economic and population growth in
cities led to the need for new buildings
such as:
- palaces for nobles and merchants
- city halls for local governments
- marketplaces for merchants
- cathedrals, which became the centre
and symbol of the cities.
Cloth Hall in Brugges (Belgium, 13th
Century)
Gothic Architecture
22. Amiens Cathedral, France
The pointed arches join the ribbed
vaults at the top.
Ribbed vault, formed by the intersection of
two pointed arches that were supported by
four columns.
They weight of the roof did not rest directly
on the walls, so weight of the roof did not
rest directly on the walls, so large stained
glass and rose Windows were possible.
28. Gothic Sculpture
Sculptures continued to be used as decoration and to convey religious
messages on façades (porticos) and in cloisters (capital of columns), but
altarpieces and sepulchres (tombs) were also made. Freestanding
sculptures with religious themes and portraits of kings and nobles became
more common.
Gothic sculpture developed realistic features:
- Faces expresed feelings. Sculptures depicted portraits of real people.
- Sculptures were not isolated figures. They appeared less rigid when
interacting with other sculptures, and could be used as parts of different
scenes and narratives.
- sense of movement
29. The White Virgin, Toledo
Cathedral, 14th Century
The smiling angel
on the façade of
Reims Cathedral,
13th Century.
30. Main altarpiece (on the left), and the
funeral monument for Alfonso son of John II
and brother of Isabella I of Castile (below),
by Gil de Siloé, both located in Miraflores
Charterhouse, Burgos.
31. In Gothic churches, walls were
replaced by large windows. This
reduced the space for fresco
paintings on the walls, and panel
painting (altarpieces) became
more common.
Gothic painting
What is panel painting?
A panel is a rigid wooden board that can be moved.
It is called a diptych, triptych or polyptych, depending
on the number of panels (two, three and more than
three respectively).
Robert Campin: The Entombment, 15tth century.
32. The Descent from the
Cross, oil painting by
Rogier van der
Weyden, 15th Century.
(it was the central part
of a three-piece panel
painting - triptych)
33. Imaginar el mundo desde un monasterio. San Baudelio de Berlanga.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQSgX72iAsg
Pintura Gótica Española en el Museo del Prado
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tvWcsUbgJ1I
Pintura Gótica Española en el Museo del Prado: "La mirada eterna: santo o tótem"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJMQc8i5X-Q
