2. What is an Inference?
An inference is something that you
conclude based on evidence and
partly on your own knowledge.
When you make an inference, you
read something, add what you know
to it, and draw a conclusion.
You put “two and two together” or
“read between the lines”.
3. Did you know that you make
inferences everyday in the real
world?
You evaluate situations.
You make predictions.
These skills help you to choose
friends, settle arguments, make
decisions.
7. What I + What I = What I
Read/ know Infer
Viewed Already
8. What I + What I = What I
Read/ know Infer
Viewed Already
A man Highly
holding a unlikely that
very large a house cat
?
cat with an would be
odd tail that large
9. What I + What I = What I
Read/ know Infer
Viewed Already
A man Highly This
holding a unlikely that picture
very large a house cat must be
cat with an would be photo-
odd tail that large shopped.
10.
11. What I + What I = What I
Read/ know Infer
Viewed Already
An X-ray of This X-ray
a foot in a shows a foot
very high in an
?
heel unnatural
position.
12. What I Read/ + What I know = What I
Viewed Already Infer
An X-ray of a This X-ray This foot
foot in a very shows a foot in position
high heel an unnatural does not
position. look
comfortable.
13.
14. What I + What I = What I
Read/ know Infer
Viewed Already
A newborn
baby The words
covered with on the baby
?
words are
advertising
logos
15. What I read/ + What I know = What I infer
viewed already
A newborn The words on Advertisers
baby covered the baby are are targeting
with words advertising younger and
logos younger
audiences.
16.
17. What I + What I know = What I
Read/ Already Infer
Viewed
A person Traffic officers
holding a cell stop cars for
phone by his violations; In ?
toes stopped certain states,
by a traffic texting while
officer who driving is against
looks the law
confused
18.
19. What I + What I know = What I
Read/ Already Infer
Viewed
A person Traffic officers Some
holding a cell stop cars for people will
phone by his violations; In try to get
toes stopped certain states, around the
by a traffic texting while texting law
officer who driving is against any way
looks the law they can.
confused
20. You can make inferences
about the setting
After reading you can picture a setting; you
are “reading” the setting.
You need to read between the lines and
make inferences about what it tells you.
Usually it tells you:
About the feeling, or mood, of the moment
About how characters feel or what they are
like
About something new that is about to
happen in the plot
21. Check Out This Example
“Snow blows across the highway before me as I
walk—little, wavering trails of it swept along like a
people dispersed. The snow people—where are
they going? Some great danger must pursue them.
They hurry and fall, the wind gives them a push,
they get up and go on again.”
JOHN HAINES, FROM “SNOW”
22. What I Read + What I Know = What I Infer
Already
People are trying to It is possible to slip Crossing a highway in
get across a highway and fall while walking a snowstorm is
in a snowstorm. in a snowstorm. dangerous.
Some of them are in Because of the snow,
such a hurry that they when you fall, it may
fall. be difficult to get back
up.
23. With Your Partner Make an
Inference
“In a forest of mixed growth somewhere on the
easterns spurs of the Carpathians, a man stood
one winter night watching and listening, as
though he waited for some beast of the woods
to come within the range of his vision and, later,
of his rifle. But the game for whose presence
he kept so keen an outlook was none that
figured in the sportsman’s calendar as lawful
and proper for the chase; Ulrich von Gradwitz
patrolled the dark forest in quest of a human
enemy.” The Interlopers by Saki
24. What can you infer that Ulrich
von Gradwitz is up to ?
What I Read + What I Know = What I Infer
Already
Hinweis der Redaktion
SAY TO STUDENTS: Questioning and inferring work in tandem to enhance understanding of text. (Harvey & Goudvis, Strategies that Work)
AFTER YOU READ THE SLIDE TO STUDENTS, COVER THESE POINTS To infer as we read is to go beyond literal interpretation and to open a world of meaning deeply connected to our lives. (Ellen Keene, Mosaic of Thought) When you make an inference, you first go to the text, pictures, graphics, and then add your own background knowledge. Because we have different backgrounds we may arrive at different inferences but they must always be plausible and be supported by the passage
READ SLIDE
FIRST DISCUSS WHAT IS LITERALLY HAPPENING IN THIS PICTURE.. WHAT DO THEY SEE? THEN ASK THE QUESTION: How is this romance going? What inferences can we make?
SAY TO STUDENTS: What are the literal implications of the picture? What inference can you make?
TELL STUDENTS: Inferring is not just guessing! Teacher walks students through the process – MODEL with this picture. See next three slides with YOU doing the work.
With this slide, take students through GUIDED PRACTICE What do they literally see? Next two slides for our responses. Students may differ.
Have students provide the answers for this picture. Sample responses follow.
Have students jot down their answers for “What I view”…. + “What I know already” = “What I infer”
Ask students how their inference changed with more information
TELL STUDENTS: In addition to pictures you can make inferences about other elements of fiction and the elements of nonfiction as well.
MODEL THIS EXAMPLE
Step 1: Pair a stronger reader with a more fragile reader for this partner work. Step 2: Students read passage silently from SMARTBOARD Step 3: Teacher reads it aloud Step 4: Teacher asks student pairs to “unpack”, literally, what the text says and record it under “What I Read” and “What I Already Know” on the graphic organizer. Step 5: Discuss student responses briefly, both “What I read” and “What I already know”. Step 6: Have student pairs answer the question, “What is Ulrich von Gradwitz up to?” by inferring a response.