1. BEARINGS
&
LUBRICATION

2. PRINCIPLES OF FRICTION

3. TYPES OF BEARINGS
B E A R IN G
P L A IN B E A R IN G R O L L IN G E L E M E N T
OR
A N T I F R IC T IO N B E A R IN G
(A R E A C O N T A C T ) (P O IN T O R L IN E C O N T A C T )
J O U R N A L B E A R IN G G U ID E B E A R IN G T H R U S T B E A R IN G / T IL T IN G P A D
(R A D IA L L O A D ) (B A C K & F O R T H ) (A X IA L L O A D )
M O T IO N
S O L ID S P L IT HALF T IL T IN G P A D G . C Y L IN D E R & G . V E R T IC A L F A N
R ID E R R IN G

4. BEARING ARRANGEMENT
THRUST
RADIAL

5. BEARING ARRANGEMENT
THRUST
RADIAL

6. BEARING ARRANGEMENT

7. ANTIFRICTION BEARINGS
• BALL BEARINGS
•RADIAL BALL BEARING
•ANGULAR CONTACT BALL BEARING
• ROLLER BEARINGS
• CYLINDRICAL ROLLER BEARING
• TAPER ROLLER BEARING
• SPHERICAL ROLLER BEARING
• NEEDLE ROLLER BEARING

8. BEARING NOMENCLATURE

9. LOAD DIRECTION

10. BALL BEARINGS

11. ROLLER BEARINGS

12. NEEDLE ROLLER BEARINGS

13. BEARING LIFE

14. LOAD CARRYING SURFACES

15. BEARING DESIGNATION

16. BEARING DESIGNATION

17. BEARING FAILURE ANALYSIS
A SURVEY REVEALS :
• 9% FAILURE DUE TO FATIGUE.
• 27% FAILURES DUE TO IMPROPER MOUNTING &
DISMOUNTING.
• 43% FAIL DUE TO IMPROPER LUBRICATION.
• 21% FAILURES DUE TO OTHER CAUSES.
OBJECTIVE:
• 100% FAILURES DUE TO NORMAL FATIGUE.

18. FRICTION BEARINGS
SLEEVE BEARINGS
TILTING PAD BEARING

19. WORKING PRINCIPLE

20. TILTING PAD RADIAL BEARING

21. TILTING PAD THRUST BEARING

22. LUBRICATION

23. WHY LUBRICATION??
• Formation of protective film to
 Reduce friction
 Prevent corrosion
 Remove wear particles and debris
 Provide efficient cooling
 Reduce wear
 Shock absorption
 Overall life improvement

24. LUBRICATION THEORY
• Full film
• Static
• Hydrodynamic
• Elastohydrodynamic
• Application of pressure / load
• Depends upon speeds, loads, lubricant viscosity
• Boundary layer
• Layer separation not complete
• Results from insufficient lube, incorrect lube

25. GREASE Vs OIL
When greases?
 Normal speed and temp conditions
 Simpler / cheaper installation
 Better adhesion
 Protection against impurities
 Less frequent application required
When Oils?
 High Speed and temp
 Excellent cleaning and flushing characteristics
 Can be used in recirculative systems
 Can serve better in excessive dirt environment
 More stable than greases

26. LUBE OIL PROPERTIES
Viscosity
Viscosity index
Flash point
Pour point
Oxidation stability
Demulsibility
Load carrying ability (EP)
Detergency
TAN / TBN

27. TYPES OF LUBRICANTS
• Automotive oils
 Engine oils
 Gear oils
 Transmission oils
 Other oils (preservative oils etc)
• Industrial oils
 Turbine oils
 Hydraulic oils
 Gear oils
 Refrigeration compressor oils
• Greases
• Synthetic oils

28. LUBE OIL SELECTION
 OEM recommendation
 Viscosity & VI
 Bearing and lubrication type
 Operating temperature

29. LUBE OIL MONITORING
 Lube oil level
 Oil pressure
 Oil inlet and outlet temp
 Lube cooler inlet & outlet temp
 Oil filter DP
 Bearing temp

30. WDA Concept
 Every lubricated wear surface generates particles
 There is a gradual build up of small particles in a normal system
 When abnormal wear begins, there is no sharp instantaneous increase in the
concentration of small particles present in the system
 Large particles, however, reach a dynamic equilibrium in a normal system
(filtration)
 When abnormal wear begins, there is a dramatic increase in the
concentration of large particles
 Therefore, detection, measurement and analysis of these large wear particles
can provide early and accurate information about the condition of the
machine

31. WDA Methodology
• Particle Size
• Composition
• Shape
• Concentration

32. WDA Trend Graph

33. Oil analysis Vs WDA
• Lubricant Analysis
– Monitoring of the lubricant
– Condition of the lubricant
– Viscosity, TAN, TBN, Water content, Insolubles
• Wear debris Analysis
– Monitoring of wear particles
– Condition of the machine
– Quantity of wear particles in ppm

34. WDA : Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages:
Provides early warning
Identifies lubricant contamination
Identifies specific failing components
Helps monitor component deterioration
Disadvantages:
Trending is necessary
Accuracy depends on sampling point, skill