1. Mode of Action & Dose of Oral Anti-Diabetic Drugs
( Accordinf to the British National Formulary BNF March 2010)
Active Avr. Dose
Mode of Action Dose Details mg
Principle
Decreasing gluconeogenesis &
increasing peripheral utilization of Adult and Child over 10 years 500 mg with breakfast > one week > 500 mg with
Metformin 1500
glucose. Only if there is residual breakfast & dinner > one week > 500 mg with 3 meals
pancreatic function
Initially 5 rng daily with or immediately after break-fast, dose adjusted according
Glibenclamide 10
to response ; max. 15 mg daily
Initially 30 mg daily with breakfast, adjusted according to response every 4 weeks ;
Gliclazide(MR) 60
Augmentig Insulin secreation. During max. 120 mg daily
long term adminestration they have
extrapanceatic action Initially 2.5—5 mg daily shortly before breakfast or lunch, adjusted according to
Glipizide 10
response; max. 20 mg daily.Up to 15 mg (Sigle dose), higher doses divided.
Initially 1 mg daily, adjusted according to response at 1-2 week intervals; max. 4 mg
Glimerpride 3
daily taken shortly before or with first main meal
> 18 years, initially 500 micrograms within 30 minutes before main meals ; up to 4
Repaglinide 3
Stimulate insulin release. Both drugs mg may be given as a single dose, max. 16 mg daily
have a rapid onset of action and short
duration of activity > 18 years, initially 60 mg 3 times daily within 30 minutes before main meals, up
Natiglinide 180
to max. 180 mg 3 times daily
Inhibits intestinal glucosidase , delays > 18 years, initially 50 mg daily increased to 50 mg 3 times daily, max. 200 mg 3
Acarbose the digestion & absorption of starch & times daily Tablets should be chewed with first mouthful of food or swallowed 150
sucrose whole with a little liquid immediately before food
Reduce peripheral insulin resistance,
> 18 years, initially 15-30 mg once daily increased to 45 mg once daily according to
Pioglitazone leading to a reduction of blood-glucose 30
response
concentration
Inhibits dipeptidylpeptidase-4 so
Sitagliptin increases insulin secreation and > 18 years, 100 mg once daily 100
lowers glucagon secretion