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Web Abstractions 1I
          access control policies, data validation, workflow, ajax, search



                                   Lecture 4



                                                           Course IN4308
       Eelco Visser
                                                Master Computer Science
  http://eelcovisser.org                    Delft University of Technology
Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Modeling
                                        Modeling IDEs
                  Software Systems



                      Modeling           Transforming
                     Web Programs      Software Models



                      Implementing    Software Language
                       Web Models    Engineering Strategies



                   Modeling             Make your own
              Software Languages      Software Languages

Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Web Abstractions

                                     from a declarative point of view
                            (we’ll investigate underlying mechanisms later)
Wednesday, March 10, 2010
More Web Abstractions

               -      Access control policies
                      ★ constraints over objects
                      ★ role-based AC, discretionary AC

               -      Data validation
                      ★ form validation
                      ★ data integrity

               -      Workflow
               -      Search
               -      AJAX: accessing page fragments (templates)

Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Access Control

          Danny M. Groenewegen, Eelco Visser. Declarative Access Control for WebDSL:
          Combining Language Integration and Separation of Concerns. ICWE 2008: 175-188

Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Case 2: Access Control Policy for Conference
               Papers
                      ★ has authors

               Authors
                      ★ submit papers, read reviews

               Reviewers
                      ★ write review for paper & discuss papers
                      ★ are anonymous (for authors)

               Conflicts
                      ★ author cannot be reviewer
                      ★ reviewer not related to authors

Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Access Control
                             Mechanisms


Wednesday, March 10, 2010
WebDSL Access Control

               Constraints over data model
               -      boolean expression over properties of objects


               Rules restrict access to resources
               -      page, template, action


               Infer restriction of navigation
               -      don’t show link to inaccessible page or forbidden
                      action

Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Principal




                                  representation of principal




  turn on access control

Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Access Control Rules

                                              ‘may access page f with
                                               argument x if boolean
                                                expression e is true’




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Wiki Access Control Rules




                                                                     ‘anyone can view
                                                                    existing pages, only
                                                                    logged in users can
                                                                       create pages’


                            ‘only logged in users may edit pages’


Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Wiki Access Control Rules




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Wiki Access Control Rules




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Wiki Access Control Rules




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Wiki Access Control Rules




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Access Control Policies



Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Access Control Policies

               Standard Policies
               -      Mandatory access control
               -      Discretionary access control
               -      Role-based access control
               Mixing policies
               -      Role-based + discretionary access control
               WebDSL
               -      No restrictions on access control policies

Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Encoding Access Control Policies

               Rules
               -      Who may access which resources?
               -      Who can apply which actions?
               Representation
               -      How are permissions stored?
               Administration
               -      How can permissions be changed?
               -      Who can change permissions?

Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Wiki: Data Model




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Wiki: User Interface Templates




                                         (abbreviated to navigation structure)
Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Wiki: Generic Access Control Rules




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Mandatory Access Control


               Security Labels
                      ★ Classification label protects object

                            •   Top Secret, Secret, Confidential, Unclassified
                      ★ Clearance indicates access of subject

               Confidentiality rules
                      ★ Read-down: clearance should be higher than or
                            equal to classification document to read
                      ★ Write-up: clearance is lower than or equal to
                            classification of document to write


Wednesday, March 10, 2010
MAC: representation




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
MAC: predicates




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Discretionary Access Control



               Access control lists
               -      objects have owner
               -      owner grants, revokes users access to object
               Example: Unix file permissions
               -      read, write, execute permissions for
               -      owner, group, anyone



Wednesday, March 10, 2010
DAC: representation




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
DAC: predicates




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
DAC: administration




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Role-Based Access Control

               Role: group of activities
               -      authorization assigned to roles
               -      users assigned to roles
               -      robust to organizational changes
               Hierarchical roles
               -      least privilege: use minimal permissions for task
               Separation of duties
               -      critical actions require coordination

Wednesday, March 10, 2010
RBAC: representation




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
RBAC: predicates




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
RBAC: administration




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Mixing Access Control Policies



               Real policies
               -      Mix of DAC & RBAC
               -      AC rules are constraints over object graph


               WebDSL
               -      No policies built-in



Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Case 2: Access Control Policy for Conference
               Papers
                      ★ has authors

               Authors
                      ★ submit papers, read reviews

               Reviewers
                      ★ write review for paper & discuss papers
                      ★ are anonymous (for authors)

               Conflicts
                      ★ author cannot be reviewer
                      ★ reviewer not related to authors

Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Data Validation


                  Danny M. Groenewegen, Eelco Visser. Integration of Data Validation
                  and User Interface Concerns in a DSL for Web Applications. SLE 2010
Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Data Validation
               Check input & maintain data integrity


               Types of validation
               -      Value well-formedness
               -      Data invariants
               -      Input assertions
               -      Action assertions
               User interface integration
               -      Display errors

Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Validation Rules


                                            data validation



                                                              form validation




                        action assertions                     messages


Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Value Well-Formedness




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Customizing Value Well-Formedness Rules




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Data Invariants




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Data Invariants




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Data Invariants




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Data Invariants




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Input Assertions




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Action Assertions




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Customizing Error Messages




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Workflow

            Zef Hemel, Ruben Verhaaf, Eelco Visser. WebWorkFlow: An Object-Oriented
            Workflow Modeling Language for Web Applications. MoDELS 2008: 113-127

                            Note: WebWorkFlow is not supported by current version of WebDSL
Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Workflow

               Coordinating activities by participants
               WebWorkFlow
               -      object-oriented workflow definition
               -      integrate all aspects of workflow
                      ★ data
                      ★ user interface
                      ★ access control
                      ★ control-flow

               -      abstractions on top of base WebDSL

Wednesday, March 10, 2010
WebWorkFlow by Example: Progress Meeting




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Wednesday, March 10, 2010
workflow procedure
                                             workflow object




                            procedure call
  process definition


Wednesday, March 10, 2010
parallel




                                       enable next step

       iterate




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
access control




    access control
Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Wednesday, March 10, 2010
action




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
no user interface




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
condition




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Workflow Remarks

               Recursive workflows (see paper)


               Issue: user interface patterns for workflow


               Is workflow an anti-pattern?
               -      is workflow good interaction design?
               -      determine order of user actions
               -      what are alternatives?

Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Search



Wednesday, March 10, 2010
search annotations




                            search queries

Wednesday, March 10, 2010
AJAX

                        Michel Weststrate. Abstractions for Asynchronous
                        User Interfaces in Web Applications.Master's thesis,
                        Delft University of Technology, 2009.

Wednesday, March 10, 2010
AJAX




               Deliver page fragments, not just full pages
               -      Replace page elements by new fragments
               -      Templates are unit of replacement




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
placeholder




                            default view


Wednesday, March 10, 2010
replace




Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Summary

               Access control policies
                      ★ constraints over objects
                      ★ encoding of standard policies (DAC, RBAC)

               Data validation
                      ★ form validation & data integrity

               Workflow
                      ★ coordinating activities of multiple participants

               Search based on data model annotations
               AJAX: accessing page fragments (templates)

Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Schedule
               Lab this week
                      ★ WebDSL application

               Cases
                      ★ Case 2: web abstractions
                      ★ Read: Declarative Access Control for WebDSL
                      ★ Read: Integration of Data Validation and User
                            Interface Concerns
                      ★ Read: WebWorkFlow

               Next
                      ★ Lecture 5: WebDSL implementation strategies
                      ★ Lecture 6 & 7: modeling languages
Wednesday, March 10, 2010

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Model-Driven Software Development - Web Abstractions 2

  • 1. Web Abstractions 1I access control policies, data validation, workflow, ajax, search Lecture 4 Course IN4308 Eelco Visser Master Computer Science http://eelcovisser.org Delft University of Technology Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 2. Modeling Modeling IDEs Software Systems Modeling Transforming Web Programs Software Models Implementing Software Language Web Models Engineering Strategies Modeling Make your own Software Languages Software Languages Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 3. Web Abstractions from a declarative point of view (we’ll investigate underlying mechanisms later) Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 4. More Web Abstractions - Access control policies ★ constraints over objects ★ role-based AC, discretionary AC - Data validation ★ form validation ★ data integrity - Workflow - Search - AJAX: accessing page fragments (templates) Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 5. Access Control Danny M. Groenewegen, Eelco Visser. Declarative Access Control for WebDSL: Combining Language Integration and Separation of Concerns. ICWE 2008: 175-188 Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 6. Case 2: Access Control Policy for Conference Papers ★ has authors Authors ★ submit papers, read reviews Reviewers ★ write review for paper & discuss papers ★ are anonymous (for authors) Conflicts ★ author cannot be reviewer ★ reviewer not related to authors Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 7. Access Control Mechanisms Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 8. WebDSL Access Control Constraints over data model - boolean expression over properties of objects Rules restrict access to resources - page, template, action Infer restriction of navigation - don’t show link to inaccessible page or forbidden action Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 9. Principal representation of principal turn on access control Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 10. Access Control Rules ‘may access page f with argument x if boolean expression e is true’ Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 11. Wiki Access Control Rules ‘anyone can view existing pages, only logged in users can create pages’ ‘only logged in users may edit pages’ Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 12. Wiki Access Control Rules Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 13. Wiki Access Control Rules Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 14. Wiki Access Control Rules Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 15. Wiki Access Control Rules Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 17. Access Control Policies Standard Policies - Mandatory access control - Discretionary access control - Role-based access control Mixing policies - Role-based + discretionary access control WebDSL - No restrictions on access control policies Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 18. Encoding Access Control Policies Rules - Who may access which resources? - Who can apply which actions? Representation - How are permissions stored? Administration - How can permissions be changed? - Who can change permissions? Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 19. Wiki: Data Model Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 20. Wiki: User Interface Templates (abbreviated to navigation structure) Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 21. Wiki: Generic Access Control Rules Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 22. Mandatory Access Control Security Labels ★ Classification label protects object • Top Secret, Secret, Confidential, Unclassified ★ Clearance indicates access of subject Confidentiality rules ★ Read-down: clearance should be higher than or equal to classification document to read ★ Write-up: clearance is lower than or equal to classification of document to write Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 25. Discretionary Access Control Access control lists - objects have owner - owner grants, revokes users access to object Example: Unix file permissions - read, write, execute permissions for - owner, group, anyone Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 29. Role-Based Access Control Role: group of activities - authorization assigned to roles - users assigned to roles - robust to organizational changes Hierarchical roles - least privilege: use minimal permissions for task Separation of duties - critical actions require coordination Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 33. Mixing Access Control Policies Real policies - Mix of DAC & RBAC - AC rules are constraints over object graph WebDSL - No policies built-in Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 34. Case 2: Access Control Policy for Conference Papers ★ has authors Authors ★ submit papers, read reviews Reviewers ★ write review for paper & discuss papers ★ are anonymous (for authors) Conflicts ★ author cannot be reviewer ★ reviewer not related to authors Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 35. Data Validation Danny M. Groenewegen, Eelco Visser. Integration of Data Validation and User Interface Concerns in a DSL for Web Applications. SLE 2010 Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 36. Data Validation Check input & maintain data integrity Types of validation - Value well-formedness - Data invariants - Input assertions - Action assertions User interface integration - Display errors Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 37. Validation Rules data validation form validation action assertions messages Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 39. Customizing Value Well-Formedness Rules Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 47. Workflow Zef Hemel, Ruben Verhaaf, Eelco Visser. WebWorkFlow: An Object-Oriented Workflow Modeling Language for Web Applications. MoDELS 2008: 113-127 Note: WebWorkFlow is not supported by current version of WebDSL Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 48. Workflow Coordinating activities by participants WebWorkFlow - object-oriented workflow definition - integrate all aspects of workflow ★ data ★ user interface ★ access control ★ control-flow - abstractions on top of base WebDSL Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 49. WebWorkFlow by Example: Progress Meeting Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 51. workflow procedure workflow object procedure call process definition Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 52. parallel enable next step iterate Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 53. access control access control Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 59. Workflow Remarks Recursive workflows (see paper) Issue: user interface patterns for workflow Is workflow an anti-pattern? - is workflow good interaction design? - determine order of user actions - what are alternatives? Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 61. search annotations search queries Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 62. AJAX Michel Weststrate. Abstractions for Asynchronous User Interfaces in Web Applications.Master's thesis, Delft University of Technology, 2009. Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 63. AJAX Deliver page fragments, not just full pages - Replace page elements by new fragments - Templates are unit of replacement Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 64. placeholder default view Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 66. Summary Access control policies ★ constraints over objects ★ encoding of standard policies (DAC, RBAC) Data validation ★ form validation & data integrity Workflow ★ coordinating activities of multiple participants Search based on data model annotations AJAX: accessing page fragments (templates) Wednesday, March 10, 2010
  • 67. Schedule Lab this week ★ WebDSL application Cases ★ Case 2: web abstractions ★ Read: Declarative Access Control for WebDSL ★ Read: Integration of Data Validation and User Interface Concerns ★ Read: WebWorkFlow Next ★ Lecture 5: WebDSL implementation strategies ★ Lecture 6 & 7: modeling languages Wednesday, March 10, 2010