1. CONTRIBUTIONS OF
IBADAN TO THE
DEVELOPMENT OF
PATHOLOGY IN THE
TROPICS
Prof. EEU Akang
FMCPath, FWACP
INAUGURAL
LECTURE
27 July 2007

2. “I returned, and saw under the
sun, that the race is not to the
swift, nor the battle to the
strong, neither yet bread to
the wise, nor yet riches to
men of understanding, nor yet
favour to men of skill; but time
and chance happeneth to
them all.”
Eccl. 9:11, KJV

3. PATHOLOGY?
Pathology is the clinical
diagnostic science that
underpins patient care
(Royal College of
Pathologists, 2006)

4. PATHOLOGY?
Histopathology, Chemical
Pathology, Haematology
and Medical Microbiology
Histopathology- includes
cytopathology, forensic
pathology, oral
pathology,
neuropathology and

5. DEATH AND
DYINGPERSPECTIVES OF
DISEASE
Prof. AA Abioye
PhD, FMCPath,
FWACP
INAUGURAL LECTURE

6. THE LADY AND THE
LOOKING GLASSBREAST CANCER IN
NIGERIAN WOMEN
Prof. PU Aghadiuno
MD, FRCPath,
FMCPath, FWACP
INAUGURAL LECTURE

7. HEADS OF PATHOLOGY
WD SILVERA
 BGT ELMES
 GM EDINGTON
 AO WILLIAMS
 BO OSUNKOYA
 AA ABIOYE
 TA JUNAID
 PU AGHADIUNO
 JO THOMAS
 JO OGUNBIYI


8. CONTRIBUTIONS OF
IBADAN TO THE
DEVELOPMENT OF
PATHOLOGY IN THE
TROPICS
Prof. EEU Akang
FMCPath, FWACP
INAUGURAL
LECTURE

9. DEFINITIONS
NEOPLASM- new growth
 TUMOUR- swelling
An
abnormal
mass
produced
by
autonomous, uncontrolled, purposeless
proliferation of cells derived from a
single cell in which mutations have
occurred.
May be benign (harmless) or
malignant (CANCER)


10. DEFINITIONS
TERATOMA( τερατοσ
(Gr.)monster)
Tumour that originate s from germ
cells displaying derivatives of three
germ layers (endoderm, ectoderm
and mesoderm)


11. TERATOMA-
MACROSCOPIC
APPEARANCE

12. HISTORY OF TERATOMA
Ancient Babylon
(2000 BC)
Records on cuneiform
tablets
Scultetus (1659)
Earliest medical record of
teratoma
Calbet (1893)
Escape of primordial cells
from growth control
Meckel (1880)
Foetus in foetu (theory of
suppressed second twin)
Bosaeus (1926)
Parthenogenesis

13. TERATOMA-
MICROSOCOPIC
APPEARANCE

14. S IT E A N D S EX D IS T R IB UT IO N O F T ER A T O M A S
A ka ng e t a l, 1994
O the r
6
1
4
0
8
8
0
C he s t
T e s ti s
Ne c k
Sa c r um
4
Ovar y
15
FE MA LE
MA LE
22
342
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
Numbe r of c a s e s
300
350
400

15. A G E A N D S EX D IS T R IB UT IO N O F T ER A T O M A S
A ka ng e t a l, 1994
2
70- 79
0
60- 69
0
50- 59
1
40- 49
8
11
31
3
30- 39
FE MA LE
1
20- 29
5
33
1
0- 9
44
12
0
MA LE
69
3
10- 19
77
20
40
60
Numbe r of c a s e s
80
100

17. CHILDHOOD TERATOMA
IN IBADAN-
Akang EE et al: Hum Pathol 1992
Bimodal peak age incidence
 Female: male ratio = 5:1
 Sacrococcyx and ovary are 2
most common sites
 81% mature; 15% immature;
4% malignant


18. RETINOBLASTOMA IN IBADANAjaiyeoba et al: Afr J Med Med Sci 1993




Malignant embryonal childhood
intraocular neoplasms displaying
retinal differentiation
More common in developing
countries
Worse outcome in younger patients
Dismal outcome in Nigerian children

21. CHILDHOOD MORTALITY IN
IBADANAkang EE et al:
Nig J Paediatr 1992; 19:30-36
Bronchopneumonia, meningitis,
gastroenteritis
 Tuberculosis, measles, malaria
 Most deaths preventable
 High perinatal death toll
(pregnancy and early childhood
problems)


22. PAEDIATRIC
PATHOLOGY

Congenital malformations
(Pediatr Pathol 1993; 13:659-70)

Childhood cancer (Pediatr
Pathol Lab Med 1996; 16:791800)

23. BURKITT’S LYMPHOMA

Declining incidence
in Ibadan
Okpala et al 1991;
Akang 1996;
Ojesina et al 2002;

24. NEUROPATHOLOGY


Malomo et al 1990- Report
of a case of cerebral
coenurosis- Trop Geogr
Med
Ibadan-Indianapolis

25. NEUROPATHOLOGY



Osuntokun et al 1994- Low incidence
of plaques and tangles in elderly
Africans- Lancet
Park et al 1997- Report of a case of
subacute sclerosing panencephalitisAm J Ophthalmol
Ogunniyi et al 2002- Lewy body
disease case report- Int Psychogeriatr

26. IBADAN PATHOLOGISTSContributions







Practising pathologists at every level
in the country and in the Diaspora
A former State governor
Acting Vice Chancellors
Provosts
Deans
Vice Deans
Professors of Pathology, both at home
and abroad.

27. M E D L IN E T OT A L A N D P A T HOL OG Y C IT A T ION S
900000
800000
70 0 0 0 0
600000
50 0 0 0 0
400000
300000
200000
10 0 0 0 0
0
T OT A L
P A T HOL OG Y

28. MEDLINE PATHOLOGY CITATIONS
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

29. M ED LIN E T O T A L A N D P A T H O LO G Y C IT A T IO N S
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
T OT AL
P A T HO LO G Y

30. George Millar Edington
Co-author of Pathology in the
Tropics
 Started professional career in
Ghana (1950-1960)
 In Ibadan (1960-1976)
 Zaria
 Maiduguri (Acting ViceChancellor)


31. Akin Olufemi Williams
One of most prolific African
Pathologists
 First Nigerian Head of Pathology
 Established Pathology in Calabar
 Ambassador to OAU
 Laboratory of Molecular Virology
at NIH


32. Babatunde O. Osunkoya

Burkitt’s lymphoma
Ayinla A. Abioye


Amoebiasis
First inaugural lecture
Ed ‘B Attah


Tropical pathology, cardiac pathology
Zaria, Calabar

33. T. Abisogun Junaid

Gynaecological pathology
Patrick U. Aghadiuno


Breast cancer
Second inaugural lecture
Jaiyeola O. Thomas-Ogunniyi

Renal pathology, cytology and lymphoma
J. Olufemi Ogunbiyi

Liver pathology, hypertension and prostate
cancer

34. FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Gastrointestinal and liver
pathology

Breast and cervical cancer

Soft tissue and skin tumours

Forensic pathology

Renal pathology

35. “ It is not so much
as what Nigeria
can do for you
as what you can
do for Nigeria ”

36. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS








My parents
My siblings
My teachers
My students
My friends and brethren in Christ
Pathology Department co-workers
My collaborators
My wife and children

37. FINIS
“Therefore let us also, seeing we
are surrounded by so great a
cloud of witnesses, lay aside
every weight and the sin which so
easily entangles us, and let us
run with patience the race that is
set before us”
Hebrews 12:1, KJV