TRIZ: Systematic support to Innovation

TRIZ
Systematic support to Innovation
Gaetano Cascini
gaetano.cascini@polimi.it

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Politecnico di Milano

Established in 1863
Organized in 16 departments (devoted to research) and a network of 9
Schools of Engineering, Architecture and Industrial Design spread over
7 campuses over the Lombardy region
Approximately 40,000 students (the largest institution in Italy for
Engineering, Architecture and Industrial Design)
Ranked as one of the most outstanding European technical universities

© 2009 Gaetano Cascini – gaetano.cascini@polimi.it

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Gaetano Cascini – short resume
1999 : PhD in Machine Design – First acquaintance with TRIZ
1999 – 2008 : Assistant Professor at University of Florence
2008 – now : Associate Professor at Politecnico di Milano

Past:
 2003-2005 : Founder and first President of Apeiron, the Italian TRIZ Association
 2005-2009 : Vice-Chair of the IFIP 5.4 Working Group (Computer-Aided Innovation)
 2006-2009 : President of the European TRIZ Association
 2007-2009 : Member of the MA TRIZ Presidium

Currently:
 Member of the ETRIA Executive Board
 Chair of the ―Computer-Aided Innovation‖ workgroup and Communication Officer of the
TC-5 Committee (Computer Applications in Technology) of IFIP (International Federation
for Information Processing)
 Author of 80+ papers presented at International Conferences and published in
authoritative Journals
 Author of 8 patents (assignees University of Florence, Whirlpool Europe, Bracco
Imaging, Logli srl, SCAM srl, Meccaniche Fiorentine)

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Center of Competence for Systematic Innovation
Soggetti aderenti al Centro di competenza:
Alintec
www.innovazionesistematica.it
Politecnico di Milano
Università degli Studi di Bergamo
Università degli Studi di Firenze
Ceris-Cnr di Torino
PIN Scrl Servizi didattici e scientifici per l'università di Firenze

Training and coaching for TRIZ introduction in industry:
o ABB SACE – 2 case studies + Training + 4 pilot projects
o Alenia Aermacchi – Training + 2 case studies
o Bracco Imaging – 1 pilot project (3 Patent Applications)
o Coster Group – Training
o Enel – 2 Training activities
o Philip Morris Intertaba – Training
o Intier Motrol - Training
o Procomac – Training + 1 Extended Technology Forecasting + 2 case studies
o SACMI – Training + 2 pilot projects
o Tecniplast – Advanced Training & Coaching
o Whirlpool – 1 pilot project (1 Patent)
o Zoppas Industries – Training

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Program & Goal
Goal:
 (TRIZ newcomers) To understand what TRIZ and Systematic
Innovation are. Get awareness of TRIZ tools and techniques.
Appreciate strategic and operational applications of TRIZ.
 (TRIZ practitioners) Share TRIZ experiences and approach.

Program:
 Background
 TRIZ Origins
 TRIZ Postulates and Key Concepts
 TRIZ Applications
 TRIZ in Industry
 Warnings & Suggestions


8
Innovation Background
From raw ideas to success products

10,000
3000 Raw Ideas (Unwritten) “If we knew
what we were
1000 doing, it
Number of

300 Ideas Submitted wouldn’t be
called research,
Ideas

125 Small Projects
100 would it?” —
Albert Einstein
9 Early Stage Development
10
4 Major Development
1.7 Launches
1 Success
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Stages of New Product Development
Source: G. Stevens and J. Burley, “3000 Raw Ideas = 1 Commercial
Success!” Research•Technology Management, 40(3): 16-27, May-June,
1997.


9
Innovation: Main Goals & Obstacles
Goal: Improve the efficiency of Innovation Processes
 Reduce or eliminate waste of resources (time, money…) for useless
trials and errors
 Develop one valuable solution is much better than many ideas to
be validated
 Manage complexity of modern systems

$+ Product Obstacles:
Maturity
1. Psychological
Inertia
2. Trial & Error:
lack of a
structured
Time
approach
Tradtional Investment / Return Curve 3. Design conflicts
$-
TRIZ Investment / Return Curve

Obstacle 1
10
Psychological Inertia
Which is the minimum size of a A4 printer?

Which is the minimum size of a CD player?


Obstacle 1
11

Psychological Inertia  Trial & Error
“You’ve got to kiss a lot of frogs “It is difficult to find a black cat
before you find your princess...” in a dark room especially when
the cat is not there.”

Solution Space Ideal Solutions
(benefits/costs)

TRIZ

Random Methods

Brainstorming
Synectics
Reframing
Lateral thinking
SCAMPER...

Obstacle 2
12
Lack of a structured approach: not everywhere

Primary school

Problem: How to
distribute 50 cherries
between 3 kids?

Should your kids
solve the problem
by “intuition”
and/or by
“experience”??!!


Obstacle 2
13

Type of Problem: arithmetic

Model of the problem: 50:3

Tool: division
Model of the solution: 16,666…
General
Instruments

General Model General Model Solution:
of the Problem of the Solution distribute 16 cherries
Analysis and Solution to each kid
Abstraction Generation

Specific Specific
Problem Solution


Obstacle 2
14

High School:
What does it happen by
mixing Sulfuric Acid with
Calcium Hydroxide ?

What would you
suggest?
Let’s try and see?!?


Obstacle 2
15

Type of problem: chemical

Model of the problem: H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2

Tool: laws of chemistry, oxide-reduction

Model of the solution: CaSO4 + 2 H2O
General
Instruments
Solution:
General Model General Model
of the Problem of the Solution
Calcium Sulfate + Water
Analysis and Solution
Abstraction Generation

Specific Specific
Problem Solution


Obstacle 3
16
Design Conflicts

Optimal solution…

Requirement 2
or compromise…

Requirement 1


TRIZ
Theory of Inventive Problem Solving

18
Теория Решения Изобретательских Задач
Genrich Altshuller
(1926-1998)

Analysis of hundreds
of thousands
inventive solutions

• 99% of inventions use already known solution principle
• Less than 1% are really pioneering inventions
• Breakthrough solutions emerge from resolving contradictions
• Inventors and strong thinkers use patterns
• Creative problem solving patterns are universal
• Creative ideas can be produced in a systematic way


19
The architecture of TRIZ is based on:
 Three Postulates:
o Postulate of Objective Laws of Systems Evolution
o Postulate of Contradiction
o Postulate of Specific Situation
 Main models:
o Models of the problem solving process
— Hill model (abstraction-embodiment)
— Tongs model (from current situation to ideality, barriers identification)
— Funnel model
o Description of systems, problems, solutions
— ENV model
— Model of function
— Substance-Field Model
— Model of contradiction
o ―System operator‖ (multi-screen approach)
— Round about problems
— Resources search
 Instruments:
o ARIZ (Algorithm of Inventive Problem Solving), main instrument of Classical TRIZ for Non-Typical
Problems, which integrate all others TRIZ instruments
o System of Inventive Standard Solutions
o Pointers to Physical, Chemical, Geometrical Effects


Postulate 1
20
Laws of Engineering Systems Evolution
Laws of Technical System Evolution
1 Law of System Completeness
Corollary: Controllability
Trend of elimination of human
involvement from systems

Static
Trend of increasing dynamicity
2 Law of “energy conductivity”
of a system
3 Law of harmonizing the
rhythms of parts of the system
4 Law of increasing ideality

Kinematics
5 Law of uneven development
of the parts of a system
6 Law of transition to a super-
system
Trend Mono-Bi-Poly TRIZ Laws

7 Law of Transition from macro

Dynamics
to micro level
8 Law of increasing Su-Field
inyteractions

Solution Space
Conclusions for practice:
 Good solutions are developed in accordance with the objective laws of system evolution

Postulate 1
21
1. Law of System Completeness
In order to deliver its function, a Technical System must include, internally or externally (e.g., through the
contribution of a human operator), four elements:
- a Tool, which is the working element delivering the function of the TS, i.e., exerting a certain effect on its
object;
- an Engine, i.e., the element providing the energy necessary to produce the expected effect of the function;
- a Transmission, i.e., the element transmitting energy from the Engine to the Tool;
- a Control, i.e., an element governing at least one of the previous elements.

Envinronment

System
Control
Envinronment
(Supply)

Object
Engine Transmission Tool


Postulate 1
22
1. Law of System Completeness (corollary)
Corollary:
Envinronment
 technical systems evolve by
integrating all the elements of the
System Minimal Technical System in order
Control
to reduce human involvement
Envinronment
(Supply)

Object


Postulate 1
23
1. Law of System Completeness (corollary)
Envinronment

System
Control
Envinronment
(Supply)

Object


Postulate 1
24
Laws of Engineering Systems Evolution: application
TRIZ Laws Creating new products and services by New
Scenario anticipation:
 TRIZ Laws suggest the directions of development
of technical systems, thus highlighting new
market opportunities
Solution Space
Long-term Scenario
Envinronment

System
Control

Short-term Scenario

Envinronment
(Supply)

Object
Engine Tool
Current System
Transmission
Envinronment

Envinronment

System
Control
System
Control
Envinronment
(Supply)

Object

Long-term
Envinronment
(Supply)

Scenario
Object

Envinronment

System

Envinronment Short-term Control

Scenario

Envinronment
(Supply)

Object
System
Control

Current Market
Envinronment
(Supply)

Object

New Market


Postulate 2
25
Contradictions
System evolution implies the resolution of contradictions, i.e. conflicts
between a system and its environment or between the components of the
system itself
System
Evaluation Par. 2

Requirements EP: 1

EP1 = EVALUATION
PARAMETER 1
CP:1

CP = CONTROL
PARAMETER
EP: 2

EP2 = EVALUATION
PARAMETER 2

Evaluation Par. 1

 To solve a problem we should first discover underlying contradictions
 To achieve maximum benefits, contradictions should be resolved, not compromised
 Overcoming contradictions is a driving force behind technology evolution. Resolving
contradictions instead of compromising or optimizing, results in breakthrough
solutions

Postulate 2
26
Contradictions
Contradictions
“Technical” Contd:
TC1: EP1(+) – EP2(-)
TC2: EP2(+) – EP1(-)
“Physical” Contd:
CP = V  EP1(+) – EP2(-)
EP: 1

CP = anti-V  EP1(+) – EP2(-)
EP1 = EVALUATION
PARAMETER 1
CP:1

CP = CONTROL EP(+) = improves
PARAMETER EP(-) = worsens
EP: 2

EP2 = EVALUATION
PARAMETER 2


Postulate 2
27
Contradictions
Contradictions Problems from different domains, sharing the
same contradiction, can be solved by means of
“Technical” Contd:
TC1: EP1(+) – EP2(-) the same solving principles
TC2: EP2(+) – EP1(-)
“Physical” Contd:
CP = V  EP1(+) – EP2(-)
CP = anti-V  EP1(+) – EP2(-)

EP: 1

EP1 = EVALUATION
PARAMETER 1
CP:1

CP = CONTROL EP(+) = improves
PARAMETER EP(-) = worsens
EP: 2

EP2 = EVALUATION
PARAMETER 2


Postulate 2
28
Contradictions: applications
Inventive solution (more ideal):
System
Requirements more benefits,
less problems,
less costs
Evaluation Par. 2

Compromise solution:
not competitive
easy to copy
poor perspectives of development

Evaluation Par. 1

Overcoming contradictions is a driving force behind technology evolution. Resolving
contradictions instead of compromising or optimizing, results in breakthrough solutions


Postulate 3
29
Specific situation - Resources
Each stage of evolution of a system takes place in a specific
environment (context, situation) which influences the
evolution (transformation) of the system and provide specific
resources
Energy Resources:
- Energy in the system
- Energy from the supersystem
Spatial Resources: - Potential energy Information Resources:
- Empty space, encapsulating - Dissipated energy - Inherent properties
- Other dimensions - Mobile information
- Shape - Temporary information
- Size (1D, 2D, 3D) - Redundant information

Time Resources: Material Resources:
- Parallel working - Waste flow
- Preliminary action/counteraction - Cheap materials
- Reworking - Substance characteristics
- Frequency of action - Void

 Good solutions must (first of all) take into account the resources available in the
specific situation


30
The architecture of TRIZ is based on:
 Three Postulates:
o Postulate of Objective Laws of Systems Evolution
o Postulate of Contradiction
o Postulate of Specific Situation
 Main models:
o Models of the problem solving process
— Hill model (abstraction-embodiment)
— Tongs model (from current situation to ideality, barriers identification)
— Funnel model
o Description of systems, problems, solutions
— ENV model
— Model of function
— Substance-Field Model
— Model of contradiction
o ―System operator‖ (multi-screen approach)
— Round about problems
— Resources search
 Instruments:
o ARIZ (Algorithm of Inventive Problem Solving), main instrument of Classical TRIZ for Non-Typical
Problems, which integrate all others TRIZ instruments
o System of Inventive Standard Solutions
o Pointers to Physical, Chemical, Geometrical Effects


31
http://www.tetris-project.org/

5 Animations
 TRIZ History
 Nina @ school/university/work
 Theory of Inventive Problem Solving
Handbook
1. Introduction(s)
2. Laws of Engineering Systems Evolution
3. Algorithm of Inventive Problem Solving
4. Su-Field Analysis and System of Inventive Standards
5. Tools and Principles for solving contradictions
 Appendix (Step-by-step solved problems)

 Definition: short definition of the selected topic (T);

Structure

Theory: theoretical aspects related to T;
 Model: conceptual model and graphical representation of T;
 Method/Tool: operative instructions about how to use/implement T;
 Example: exemplary application of T;
 Self-Assessment: exercises to assess the reader’s level of understanding about T;
 References: further readings about T.


33
TRIZ Applications

Problem Solving
Technical
Problems Troubleshooting
Inventive Failure Prevention
Problem
Solving Management Conflicts

Non-Technical New Business Concepts
Problems Maturity Assessment
Technology Forecasting


34
Exemplary case studies: innovation & problem solving

Bracco Imaging:
Method and device for localized thermal ablation of biological
tissue, particularly tumoral tissues or the like (3 EP
applications)

Whirlpool:
Low frost chest freezer (1 EP patent)


35

Exemplary case studies: problem solving for SMEs

Scam:
High performance connecting rod (1 IT patent)

CIVE – Vetrerie Toscane:
Glass mosaic production (process innovation)


36

Exemplary case studies: technology forecasting
Procomac: Sterilization technologies for aseptic filling
Nozzle with
Nozzle with Nozzle with
several
one opening pores
openings

WO9908934 field UV
US2006127290

Isotonics Tea Fruit juices Vegetable juices Milk based drinks UHT milk
Bi-system Bi-system
Bi-system
Bi-system monof. multif.het multif.inv
monof.shift
Om 2 transmission 1 scalda e 1 Partially trimming trimming -
1 per superfici
2 ugelli che usano field raffredda o 1 - convolution convolution
difficili e 1 per
sterilizzanti diversi (es: UV- eroga e 1
facili
lamp) sciacqua

Poly-system Poly-system Poly-system
Poly-system
monof. shift multif. Heter. multif. inverse.
monof. Om Partially trimming
Più ugelli per le Più transmission Più ugelli che
Più ugelli - convolution
diverse parti della che usano fields svolgono
sterilizzanti
bottiglia diversi (UV-lamp) funzioni inverse

Already in the
Ugello con Ugello con
Ugello con
posizione posizione
posizione
parzialmente totalmente
simmetrica rispetto
asimmetrica rispetto asimmetrica rispetto
alla bottiglia
alla bottiglia alla bottiglia

market
The law Harmonization
(surface segmentation) Geometry of
Geometry of Geometry of Geometry of Geometry of
Geometry of opening:
opening: opening: opening: opening: flat
opening: point complex

Patented, not
straight line curved line complex line surface
surface

Andare avanti
The law of transition to super system nell’evoluzione

in the market
(Mono-bi-poly) non comporta
ulteriori benefici

me me
Field me The law harmonization me Continuos me Pulsating
(pressure) (coordinating rhythms) continuos action in pulsating action in
saturation risonance

Micro-wet: The law harmonization
(asymmetry)
Free space for
investments
WO9908934
US2004089369 The law Harmonization th th
(geometrical evolution)
JP1279025 Field th The law harmonization th Continuos th pulsating
EP1607106 (coordinating rhythms) Continuos action in pulsating action in
EP1614433 saturation risonance
RU2314127

Multiple
Immobile single joint Flexible Liquid Field
joint Gas nozzle
LASER UV The law of increasiingnozzle nozzle nozzle nozzle nozzle
Harmonization system the degree of su-fi interactions nozzle
POAA The law of dynamics growth,
WO2006097243 EP1614630
controllability and displacing man
(dynamization)
2004
NUCLEAR
UV LIGHT Transition to
micro-level
INTERACTION
system
Harmonization Harmonization
Transition to ???
POAA system POAA system POAA system micro-level
(object (object Transition to micro-level
FILLING SPRAYING CONDENSING Control H2O2
segmentation) segmentation) H2O2 system
‘70 Micro-wet
ELECTRON
MICRO-WET
NON THERMAL
PLASMA system BEAM system Harmonization Tool: sterilant
Transmission
Supply H2O2 Tool H2O2
Transition to H2O2
Transmission: nozzleMicro-wet
Transition to PULSE UV Micro-wet
micro-level Micro-wet
Transition to
micro-level
JP1294413
LIGHT Supply: pump
1989
micro-level
Harmonization
ION BEAM
H2O2 system H2O2 system system EP0290443 B1
(object Transition to micro-level RADIATION
CHP segmentation) VCP 1988
BASED
STERILIZATION
JP9019279 system
1985 (microwave, gamma-rays,

and X-rays)

H2O2 US3780308
1973 - most sources of such radiation ( are insufficiently intense to permit high speed sterilization
of large areas at the dose levels of 1.5 to 4.5 megarads typically demanded for the application

t ‘20 ‘70 ‘90 2000 2005 2007 The law harmonization
(asymmetry)


37

Exemplary case studies: technology forecasting
Meccaniche Fiorentine: walkers


38
TRIZ Applications
Fields
 Product development
 Industrial research
World Wide status of TRIZ
 Scientific research
perceptions and uses
 Industrial strategy (www.etria.net)
 Non technical applications…
Target:
 Products
 Processes
 Services
Where:
 Big companies
 Small and Medium Enterprises
 University

39
TRIZ Survey by ETRIA (European TRIZ Association)

 319 Replies
 39 countries
 8 languages


40
TRIZ Survey by ETRIA (European TRIZ Association)


42

Some companies using TRIZ (at least a preliminary experience with)
Avon Electrolux Kimberly-Clark Rockwell
BMW Edi Lilly Kodak Rolls Royce
Boeing Ford LG Samsung
Borden Fujitsu Lockheed Martin Sanyo
Case General Motors McDonnel Douglas Sara lee
Caterpillar Heidelberg Motorola Shell
Clorox Hitachi NASA Siemens
Cummin Honeywell NEC Electronics Gillette
Daimler-Chrysler HP Pfizer Toyota
Datacard IBM Pilkington USPO
Delphi Intel Procter & Gamble Xerox
Dial ITT PSA Peugeot Glacio Source: David
Silverstein, Neil
DuPont Johnson & Johnson Raytheon DeCarlo, Michael
Slocum

“Several TRIZ papers were accepted recently to a coming internal conference (1200
attendees) - ~50 papers were selected out of ~2000 submissions.”
Amir Roggel (Intel) – March 2008
Japan TRIZ Symposium: 150-200 participants - 70% industry, 20% consultants and 10% academia
Sony, Toshiba, Fujitsu, Spansion, Hitachi, Panasonic, Sumitomo, Electric Industries, NTK, Sekisui, Nissan,
Honda, Nitto-Denko, Nikon, Canon, Sharp, P&G Japan, Matsushita, National Japan Railroads, Nippon Mining,
Konika-Minolta, Ricoh, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Mitsubishi Electric, Samsung Electro Mechanics


43
TRIZ in Industry


44
TRIZ in Industry


48
TRIZ in Industry


49
TRIZ in Industry


50
TRIZ in Industry


51
TRIZ in Industry


52
TRIZ Experiences in Industry: examples


53


54


55


56


57


58


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60
Warnings and Suggestions
―Simplified TRIZ‖ is probably better than nothing, but very far
from ideal!!
 Using the Inventive Principles as ―Stimuli‖ for brainstorming sessions has
nothing to deal with TRIZ
 Problem formulation requires repeatable models and procedures

Even if TRIZ learning is a long process, avoid using wrong
procedures and tools just because it’s faster!!
 Is it really worth to use the Contradiction Matrix?
 Skipping a proper identification of the underlying contradictions can be faster,
but it’s certainly useless and dangerous!!

Currently available ―TRIZ software‖ tools don’t substitute
education
 Can you avoid studying Romanian/Russian/Korean just having Word on your PC??
 Why do we study Maths, since we have calculators?

Web Resources
61

Web Sites:
http:///www.innovazionesistematica.it (Centro di Competenza Italiano)
http://www.tetris-project.org/ (TETRIS Project: TEaching TRIZ at School)
http://www.etria.net/ (European TRIZ Association)
http://www.computeraidedinnovation.net (IFIP WG5.4 Computer-Aided Innovation)
http://www.matriz.ru (International TRIZ Association)
http://www.aitriz.org/ (Altshuller Institute for TRIZ)
http://www.triz-journal.com/ (TRIZ journal)
http://www3.sympatico.ca/karasik/ (anti Triz-Journal)
http://www.triz.co.kr/TRIZ/intro.html
http://www.trizminsk.org/
http://www.thinking-approach.org
http://www.seecore.org/


62

Gaetano Cascini
gaetano.cascini@polimi.it
www.kaemart.it
cascini@etria.net
www.etria.net


TRIZ: Systematic support to Innovation

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