3. The Middle Ages had roots in
1. the classical heritage of Rome,
2. the beliefs of the Roman Catholic
Church, and
3. the customs of various Germanic
tribes
4. 476 CE, Romulus
Augustus, the last
Roman Emperor was
deposed by Odoacer,
who had defeated the
Vandals, but was in
turn defeated by the
Ostrogoths.
5. As a result of the Germanic invasions:
Disruption of trade
Downfall of cities
Population shifts
Decline of learning & loss of
common language
6. The concept of government changes from
central authority to local protector
Clovis unites the Franks by 511,
converting them to Christianity.
By 600, most Germans have converted to
Christianity.
12. Charles Martel, major domo
Battle of Tours in 732
Carolingian Dynasty, 751 to 987
Pepin the Short anointed “king by
the grace of god”
13. Charles Martel, major domo
Battle of Tours in 732
Carolingian Dynasty, 751 to 987
Pepin the Short anointed “king by
the grace of god”
14. Charles Martel, major domo
Battle of Tours in 732
Carolingian Dynasty, 751 to 987
Pepin the Short anointed “king by
the grace of god”
15. Charlemagne (Charles the Great) rules the
Carolingian Dynasty, 771.
Extends Frank rule, conquering all of
western Europe
Encouraged learning; Encouraged fair rule
by counts
Upon his death, Louis the Pious, then
Louis’ 3 sons fight
Treaty of Verdun divides empire
19. Invaders attack
western Europe
800-900, viking
raids
793, Lindisfarne,
England
1000,Leif Ericson
reaches America
1100s, warming trend
led to increased
agriculture
20. Invaders attack
western Europe
800-900, viking
raids
793, Lindisfarne,
England
1000,Leif Ericson
reaches America
1100s, warming trend
led to increased
agriculture
21. Invaders attack
western Europe
800-900, viking
raids
793, Lindisfarne,
England
1000,Leif Ericson
reaches America
1100s, warming trend
led to increased
agriculture
22. Invaders attack
western Europe
800-900, viking
raids
793, Lindisfarne,
England
1000,Leif Ericson
reaches America
1100s, warming trend
led to increased
agriculture
23. Magyars invade from central Europe,
spreading west.
A nomadic people, the Magyars enslave
Europeans that they conquer
Muslims continue to attack from the
south and southeast
24. Feudalism develops as a system of
mutual protection based on personal
loyalty and obligations.
25. Characteristics of
Feudalism
Strict division
into social classes
Private
jurisdiction based
on local custom
Landholding system
dependent on the
fief, or fee
26. Characteristics of
Feudalism
Strict division
into social classes
Private
jurisdiction based
on local custom
Landholding system
dependent on the
fief, or fee
27. Role of Women
Noblewomen
Could inherit estate
Sometimes defended lands
Mostly confined to home or convent
Peasant Women
Endless labor in home and fields, bearing
children, and care of family
30. Describe the Church’s hierarchy?
How was the Church a “unifying force”
during the Middle Ages?
What are “sacraments”?
What is “canon law”?
31. What three groups vied for power during
the time of Otto I?
What was the underlying question
involved in Otto I’s relationship with
the Church?
32. What is “lay investiture”?
Why were Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII
willing to accept the Concordat of
Worms?
33. Why might Frederick I have used the
name Holy Roman Empire instead of Otto
I’s “Roman Empire of the German
Nation”?
What quality did Charlemagne, Otto I,
and Frederick all have that allowed
them to be successful rulers?
Hinweis der Redaktion
Used church funds to raise an army, build roads
Negotiated peace treaties with armies like the Lombards
By his death, church owned up to 1,800 square miles of farmland