This document discusses various bodies of water and landforms on Earth. It describes the five oceans, how ocean currents circulate water and heat around the planet. It also discusses lakes, rivers, and the hydrologic cycle of water between oceans, atmosphere and land. Specific landforms like mountains, valleys and plains are defined. Large freshwater and saltwater lakes, as well as long rivers like the Nile, are highlighted. The topography and relief of different geographic features are also summarized.

1. Bodies of Water and
Landforms

2.  Oceans and seas are interconnected bodies
of salt water
 covers about ¾ of the earth’s surface
1) Atlantic Ocean
2) Pacific Ocean
3) Indian Ocean
4) Arctic Ocean
5) Southern Ocean
* Pacific is largest ocean
* waters near Antarctica now called the
Southern Ocean

4. Pacific Ocean

5. Indian Ocean

6. Atlantic

7. Arctic Ocean

8. Southern Ocean

10.  The ocean is constantly moving, circulating
through currents, waves, tides
 Motion of ocean helps distribute heat on the
planet
 - winds are heated and cooled by ocean water
 Currents-act like rivers flowing through the ocean
 Waves - swells or ridges produced by winds
 Tides - the regular rising and falling of the ocean
 - created by gravitational pull of the moon or sun

17.  Hydrologic Cycle - the continuous
circulation of water between the
atmosphere, the oceans, and the earth
- water evaporates from the earth’s oceans
and plants into the atmosphere
 - the vapor eventually falls back to earth as
precipitation (rain, sleet, hail or snow)

19.  Lakes hold more than 95% of all the earth’s
freshwater
 Freshwater lakes, like the Great Lakes, are
result of glacial action
- Lake Baikal in Russia is world’s largest
freshwater lake
 Saltwater lakes form when outlet to sea is
cut off:
- streams and rivers carry salts into lake
 - salts build up with nowhere to go
 - Caspian Sea in Western Asia is world’s largest
saltwater lake

20.  Lake Baikal is the
largest and deepest
freshwater lake in
the world.
- Over 1 mile from
surface to the bottom
 - said to contain 20%
of the earth’s fresh
water!
 -very clean lake,
home to over 1200
unique plant and
animal species

21.  Caspian Sea is 750-
mile-long saltwater
lake
-largest inland sea in
world

22.  Rivers move water to or from large bodies of
water
 Tributaries are smaller rivers, streams that
feed into larger ones
 Rivers and their tributaries connect into
drainage basins
 Drainage Basin – an area drained by a major
river and its tributaries

23. -World’s longest river
-4,132 miles long!
-Drainage basin covers 10%
of Africa

24.  Landforms are
 Landforms include:
- Mountains
naturally formed
 - Valleys
features on the
 - Plateaus
surface of the earth
 - Islands
 - Volcanoes
 Look on page 34-35  - Canyons
to see all the  - Peninsulas
different types of  - Lakes
landforms.  - Rivers
 - Bays
 - Etc.

26.  Continental shelf — sea floor from
continent’s edge to deep ocean
 Sea floor has ridges, valleys, canyons, plains,
mountain ranges

27.  Islands are formed by volcanoes, sand, or
coral deposits
Coral formed island Volcano formed island

28.  Mountain chains also cover parts of the
ocean floor
 The largest mountain range is the Mid-
Atlantic Ridge (thousands of miles long)

30.  Mt. Everest is technically
not the largest mountain in
the world.
 Muana Kea in Hawaii is a
dormant volcano that
stands 13, 800 ft. above
sea level. However, a
significant part of the
mountain is under water.
When measured from its
oceanic base, Mauna Kea is
over 33,000 ft. high—
significantly higher than
Mount Everest.

31.  During the winter months,
Mauna Kea also receives an
ample amount of snow.
 Hawaii is probably not the
first destination that might
pop into your head for skiing,
but if tropical snow is your
bag, then Hawaii is the place
to be!
 The best months to visit for
skiing are February and
March. Temperatures
average around 75-80 F, so
you can split time between
the mountain and the beach.

33.  Relief — difference in
landform elevation
from lowest to highest
point.
 Four categories of
relief:
 - Mountains
 - Plateaus
 - Hills
 - Plains
 Mountains have great
relief, whereas plains Physical maps like the one above
have very little. show landforms, bodies of water
and elevation or relief.

34.  Himalaya Mountains

35.  Peel Plateau, Canada

36.  Chocolate Hills, Philippines

37.  The Great Plains, United States

38.  Topography — the
configurations and
distribution of
landforms
 Topographic map
shows vertical
dimensions,
relationship of
landforms