A quick start on Zend Framework 2

A quick start on
Zend Framework 2
by Enrico Zimuel (enrico@zend.com)

Senior Software Engineer
Zend Framework Core Team
Zend Technologies Ltd

19th May 2012 Verona (Italy)
© All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.

About me

• Enrico Zimuel (@ezimuel)
• Software Engineer since 1996
– Assembly x86, C/C++, Java, Perl, PHP
• PHP Engineer at Zend in the Zend
Framework Core Team
• International speaker about PHP and
computer security topics
• Co-author of the italian book
“PHP Best practices” (FAG edizioni)
• Co-founder of the PUG Torino


ZF2 in a slide

●
New architecture (MVC, Di, Events)
● Requirement: PHP 5.3.3
● No more CLA (Contributor License Agreement)
● Git (GitHub) instead of SVN
●
Better performance (new autoload)
●
Module support
●
Packaging system (pyrus)


A new core

●
The ZF1 way:
▶ Singleton, Registry, and Hard-
Coded Dependencies
● The ZF2 approach:
▶ Aspect Oriented Design and
Dependency Injection


New architectural approach

● Methodologies used in the development
– Decoupling (ZendDi)
– Event driven (ZendEventManager)
– Standard classes (ZendStdlib)
● Take advantage of PHP 5.3
▶ Namespace
▶ Lambda Functions and Closures
▶ Better performance


Releases

● ZF2.0.0beta4 next week!
● Goal:
▶ beta5 on June
▶ ZF 2.0 RC this summer!!!


Autoloading


Autoloading

● No more require_once calls!
●
Multiple approaches:
– ZF1-style include_path autoloader
– Per-namespace/prefix autoloading
– Class-map autoloading


ZF1-Style

require_once 'Zend/Loader/StandardAutoloader.php';

$loader = new ZendLoaderStandardAutoloader(array(
'fallback_autoloader' => true,
));

$loader->register();


ZF2 NS/Prefix

require_once 'Zend/Loader/StandardAutoloader.php';

$loader = new ZendLoaderStandardAutoloader();

$loader->registerNamespace(
'My', __DIR__ . '/../library/My')
->registerPrefix(
'Foo_', __DIR__ . '/../library/Foo');



ZF2 Class-Map

return array(
'MyFooBar' => __DIR__ . '/Foo/Bar.php',
);
.classmap.php

require_once 'Zend/Loader/ClassMapAutoloader.php';

$loader = new ZendLoaderClassMapAutoloader();

$loader->registerAutoloadMap(
__DIR__ . '/../library/.classmap.php');



Classmap generator

● How to generate the .classmap.php?
We provided a command line tool:
bin/classmap_generator.php
●
Usage is trivial:

$ cd your/library
$ php /path/to/classmap_generator.php -w

●
Class-Map will be created in .classmap.php


Performance improvement

●
Compared with the ZF1 autoloader
▶ Class-Maps
show a 25-85% improvement
▶ Namespaces/prefixes
shows 10-40% improvement

Note: The new autoloading system of ZF2 has been ported to ZF 1.12


Dependency
Injection


ZendDi

● Supports the 3 different injection patterns:
– Constructor
– Interface
– Setter
● Implements a Di Container:
– Manage the dependencies using configuration and
annotation
– Provide a compiler to autodiscover classes in a path
and create the class definitions, for dependencies


Example

class Bar
{ … }

class Foo
{
protected $bar;
…
public function setBar(Bar $bar)
{
$this->bar = $bar;
}
…
}


Sample definition

$definition = array(
'Foo' => array(
'setBar' => array(
'bar' => array(
'type' => 'Bar',
'required' => true,
),
),
),
);


Using the Di container

use ZendDiDi,
ZendDiConfiguration;

$di = new Di;
$config = new Configuration(array(
'definition' => array('class' => $definition)
));
$config->configure($di);

$foo = $di->get('Foo'); // contains Bar!


Di by annotation

use ZendDiDefinitionAnnotation as Di;

class Foo {
protected $bar;
/**
* @DiInject()
*/
public function setBar(Bar $bar){
$this->bar = $bar;
}
}

class Bar { ... }


Di by annotation (2)

$compiler = new ZendDiDefinitionCompilerDefinition();
$compiler->addDirectory('File path of Foo and Bar');
$compiler->compile();

$definitions = new ZendDiDefinitionList($compiler);
$di = new ZendDiDi($definitions);

$baz = $di->get('Foo'); // contains Bar!

More use cases of ZendDi:
https://github.com/ralphschindler/zf2-di-use-cases


Event Manager


Event Manager

●
An Event Manager is an object that aggregates
listeners for one or more named events, and
which triggers events.
●
A Listener is a callback that can react to an
event.
●
An Event is an action.


Example

use ZendEventManagerEventManager;

$events = new EventManager();
$events->attach('do', function($e) {
$event = $e->getName();
$params = $e->getParams();
printf(
'Handled event “%s”, with parameters %s',
$event,
json_encode($params)
);
});
$params = array('foo' => 'bar', 'baz' => 'bat');
$events->trigger('do', null, $params);


MVC


Event driven architecture

● Everything is an event in the MVC architecture of ZF2


Module definition

“A module is a collection of code and other
files that solves a more specific atomic
problem of the larger business problem.”
(from the ZF2 RFC)


Module for ZF2

●
The basic unit in a ZF2 application
is a Module
●
Modules are “Plug and play” technology
●
Modules are simple:
▶ A namespace
▶ Containing a single classfile: Module.php


Quick start
Zend Skeleton Application


Zend Skeleton Application

● A simple, skeleton application using the new MVC
layer and the module system
●
Github:
▶ git clone --recursive
git://github.com/zendframework/ZendSkeletonApplication.git
●
This project makes use of Git submodules
●
Ready for ZF2.0.0beta4


Folder's tree

config
data
module
public
vendor


Config folder

config
autoload
application.config.php
data
module
public
vendor


Data folder

config
data
cache
module
public
vendor


Module folder
module
Application Name of the module
config
module.config.php
src
Application
Controller
IndexController.php
view
index
index.phtml
Module.php
autoload_classmap.php
autoload_functions.php
autoload_registers.php


Public folder

public
images
js
css
.htaccess
index.php


Vendor folder

config
data
module
public
vendor
ZendFramework


.htaccess

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -s [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -l [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -d
RewriteRule ^.*$ - [NC,L]
RewriteRule ^.*$ index.php [NC,L]


index.php
chdir(dirname(__DIR__));
require_once (getenv('ZF2_PATH') ?: 'vendor/ZF/library') .
'/Zend/Loader/AutoloaderFactory.php';

use ZendLoaderAutoloaderFactory,
ZendServiceManagerServiceManager,
ZendMvcServiceServiceManagerConfiguration;

AutoloaderFactory::factory();
$config = include 'config/application.config.php';

$serviceManager = new ServiceManager(new ServiceManagerConfiguration(
$config['service_manager']));
$serviceManager->setService('ApplicationConfiguration', $config);
$serviceManager->get('ModuleManager')->loadModules();

$serviceManager->get('Application')->bootstrap()->run()->send();


application.config.php
return array(
'modules' => array(
'Application',
),
'module_listener_options' => array(
'config_cache_enabled' => false,
'cache_dir' => 'data/cache',
'module_paths' => array(
'./module',
'./vendor',
),
),
'service_manager' => array(
'use_defaults' => true,
'factories' => array(),
),
);

Module.php
namespace Application;

class Module
{
public function getAutoloaderConfig()
{
return array(
'ZendLoaderClassMapAutoloader' => array(
__DIR__ . '/autoload_classmap.php',
),
'ZendLoaderStandardAutoloader' => array(
'namespaces' => array(
__NAMESPACE__ => __DIR__ . '/src/' . __NAMESPACE__,
),
),
);
}

public function getConfig()
{
return include __DIR__ . '/config/module.config.php';
}
}


autoload_classmap.php

return array(
'ApplicationControllerIndexController' =>
__DIR__ . '/src/Application/Controller/IndexController.php',
'ApplicationModule' =>
__DIR__ . '/Module.php',
);


module.config.php
return array(
'router' => array(
'routes' => array(
'default' => array(
'type' => 'ZendMvcRouterHttpSegment',
'options' => array(
'route' => '/[:controller[/:action]]',
'constraints' => array(
'controller' => '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_-]*',
'action' => '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_-]*',
),
'defaults' => array(
'controller' => 'IndexController',
'action' => 'index',
),),),
'home' => array(
'type' => 'ZendMvcRouterHttpLiteral',
'options' => array(
'route' => '/',
'defaults' => array(
'controller' => 'IndexController',
'action' => 'index',
),),),),),


module.config.php (2)
'controller' => array(
'classes' => array(
'IndexController' => 'ApplicationControllerIndexController'
),
),
'view_manager' => array(
'display_not_found_reason' => true,
'display_exceptions' => true,
'doctype' => 'HTML5',
'not_found_template' => 'error/404',
'exception_template' => 'error/index',
'template_map' => array(
'layout/layout' => __DIR__ . '/../view/layout/layout.phtml',
'index/index' => __DIR__ . '/../view/index/index.phtml',
'error/404' => __DIR__ . '/../view/error/404.phtml',
'error/index' => __DIR__ . '/../view/error/index.phtml',
),
'template_path_stack' => array(
'application' => __DIR__ . '/../view',
),
),
);


IndexController.php

namespace ApplicationController;

use ZendMvcControllerActionController,
ZendViewModelViewModel;

class IndexController extends ActionController
{
public function indexAction()
{
return new ViewModel();
}
}


Packaging system


Source package

●
http://packages.zendframework.com/
● Download or use pyrus, a PEAR2 installer
●
Pyrus packages:
▶ Pyrus setup
▶ wget http://packages.zendframework.com/pyrus.phar
▶ pyrus.phar .
▶ pyrus.phar . channeldiscover packages.zendframework.com

▶ Install a Zend_<component>
▶ pyrus.phar . install zf2/Zend_<component>


From ZF1 to ZF2


Migrate to ZF2

● Goal: migrate without rewriting much code!
● Main steps
– Namespace: Zend_Foo => ZendFoo
– Exceptions: an Interface for each components,
no more Zend_Exception
– Autoloading: 3 options (one is ZF1)
– MVC: module, event based, dispatchable
– DB: new ZendDb
– Form: new ZendForm


ZF1 migration prototype

●
Source code: http://bit.ly/pvc0X1
●
Creates a "Zf1Compat" version of the ZF1 dispatcher
as an event listener.
●
The bootstrap largely mimics how ZF1's
Zend_Application bootstrap works.
● The default route utilizes the new ZF2 MVC routing,
but mimics what ZF1 provided


How to contribute


We want you!

●
How to contribute:
▶ Write code
▶ Documentation
▶ Testing
▶ Feedbacks/comments

https://github.com/zendframework/zf2


Helping out

●
http://framework.zend.com/zf2
●
http://github.com/zendframework
● https://github.com/zendframework/ZendSkeletonApplication
● Getting Started with Zend Framework 2
by Rob Allen, http://www.akrabat.com
●
Weekly IRC meetings (#zf2-meeting on Freenode)
●
#zftalk.2 on Freenode IRC


Thank you!

●
Vote this talk:
▶ https://joind.in/6384
●
Comments and feedbacks:
▶ enrico@zend.com


A quick start on Zend Framework 2

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