English Grammar: Tips for Effective Teaching & Learning(набазіпосібниківI-II-III рівнівсерії"Let's Play Grammar!")
1. Від організаторів Всеукраїнських
інтерактивних педагогічних марафонів
Від організаторів Всеукраїнських
інтерактивних педагогічних марафонів
Видавництво «Ранок»
Весняна сесія:
20 березня – 8 квітня 2017 р.
День 16
2. Видавництво «Ранок»
Губарєва Світлана Сергіївна,
бренд-менеджер напряму
«Іноземна мова» видавництва «Ранок»
Англійська мова.
English Grammar: Tips for Effective Teaching & Learning
(на базі посібників I-II-III рівнів
серії «Let's Play Grammar!»)
3. Видавництво «Ранок»
Effective Ways of Presenting
& Practising English Grammar
«A person who knows
a language perfectly,
uses a thousand and one
grammar, lexical, phonetic
rules when he is speaking»
Robert Lado
4. Видавництво «Ранок»
Grammar rules are to be understood as a special way of expressing
communicative activity. The reproductive grammatical skills suppose
to master the grammatical actions which are necessary for expressing
thoughts in oral and written forms.
5. Видавництво «Ранок»
Grammatical competence occupies a prominent position as
a major component of communicative competence. We can’t
communicate without knowing the rules of combining foreign
words and constructing sentences.
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The pupils’ ability in the correct use of grammar depends
mainly on their speaking skills and vocabulary, that’s why
it is necessary for teachers to be better informed of the
ways of presenting and practicing grammar.
8. Видавництво «Ранок»
General Principles of Grammar Teaching
However, it doesn’t mean that the teacher should ask pupils
to say this or that rule. Rules do not ensure the mastery of the
language. They only help to attain the practical goal. If a pupil
can recognize and employ correctly the forms that are
appropriate, that is sufficient. When the learner can give ample
proof of these activities, we may say that he/she has fulfilled
the syllabus requirements.
1. Conscious Approach
9. Видавництво «Ранок»
General Principles of Grammar Teaching
Conscious learning is also ensured when a grammar item
is contrasted with another grammar item which is usually confused.
The contrast is brought out through oppositions.
The teacher should realize difficulties the sentence pattern presents for his
pupils. Comparative analysis of the grammar item may be helpful. You
should think of the shortest and simplest way for presentation of the new
grammar item.
e.g. Give me a book. (any book to read) / Give me the book.
(you’ve promised)
He has come. (Present Perfect) / He came an hour ago.
(Past Simple)
1. Conscious Approach
10. Видавництво «Ранок»
General Principles of Grammar Teaching
The teacher should remember, the more he speaks about the
language, the less time is left for practice. The more the teacher
explains, the less his pupils understand what he is trying to
explain. This leads to the teacher giving more information than
is necessary, which does not help the pupils in the usage of this
particular grammar item, only hinders them.
1. Conscious Approach
11. Видавництво «Ранок»
General Principles of Grammar Teaching
It means that pupils learn those grammar items which they need
for immediate use either in oral or written language.
The learners master grammar through performing various exercises
using a given grammar item.
2. Practical Approach
Teachers should teach correct grammar usage
and not grammar knowledge.
e.g. Ann’s mother / the boys’ room
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General Principles of Grammar Teaching
3. Structural Approach
Grammar items are introduced and drilled in structures
or sentence patterns.
In our country the structural approach to the teaching of grammar
has been proved and accepted by the majority of teachers and
methodologists since it allows pupils to make up sentences by
analogy, to use the same pattern for various situations. Pupils learn
sentence patterns and how to use them in oral and written language.
13. Видавництво «Ранок»
General Principles of Grammar Teaching
The teacher should provide pupils with words
to change the lexical (semantic) meaning of the sentence
pattern so that pupils would be able to use it in different
situations. They should assimilate the grammar mechanism
involved in sentence pattern and not the sentence itself.
3. Structural Approach
14. Видавництво «Ранок»
General Principles of Grammar Teaching
Pupils learn a grammar item used in situations.
For example, classroom situations: the teacher takes
or simply touches various things saying:
Then the pupils do the same in turns.
4. Situational Approach
e.g. This is Nina’s pen. / That is Sasha’s book...
The teacher should select appropriate situations
which can provide comprehension and the usage
of the particular grammar item he is going to present.
15. Видавництво «Ранок»
General Principles of Grammar Teaching
Grammar items pupils need for conversation are taught
by the oral approach: pupils at first listen to them, then perform various
speaking exercises, and only after that they see these grammar items
printed and write sentences using them.
5. Oral Approach
If pupils need the grammar items for reading,
the teacher should start with reading and writing
sentences in which such items occur.
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While preparing for the lesson at which a new
grammar item should be introduced, the teacher...:
...must realize the possible difficulties for learners in assimilating
this new element of the English grammar. They may be of 3 kinds:
difficulties in form, meaning and usage;
...thinks of the ways to overcome these difficulties: how to convey
the meaning of the grammar item (either through situations or with
the help of the mother tongue); what rule should be used; what
exercises should be done (their type and number);
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While preparing for the lesson at which a new
grammar item should be introduced, the teacher...:
...chooses the sequence in which pupils should work:
from observation and comprehension through conscious imitation
to usage in conversation (communicative exercises);
...considers the form of presenting the grammar item –
orally, in writing or in reading;
...plans pupils’ activity for learning this grammar item: individual
work, class work, working in groups or pairs.
20. Видавництво «Ранок»
The Most Common
Grammatical Mistakes
• spelling
• pronouns
• verb forms (e.g. Where did you went?
I have 11 years old. I am agree.)
• use of the wrong tenses (e.g. If I will come...)
• homonym errors (e.g. to – too, your – you’re,
whose – who’s, principal – principle)
• usage error (e.g. accept – except, advise – advice,
affect – effect)
• sentence structure (e.g. What you doing?)
• punctuation
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The Most Common
Grammatical Mistakes
• apostrophes (e.g. your’s, paper’s)
• capital letters
• irregular plurals (e.g. mens, childrens)
• phrasal verbs
• using the wrong prepositions (omission/confusion)
• misuse of the infinitive, verbs, reported speech
• confusion of number, parts of speech
• wrong position of adverbs
• un-English expressions
• unnecessary articles
22. Видавництво «Ранок»
Suggestions about Teaching Grammar
• Teach only those rules which
are simple and which do not
have too many exceptions.
• Do not spend too much time
on grammar points which do not
appear to be very useful or important.
Just make the students aware of the
special features.
• Wherever possible, teach grammar
in context.
23. Видавництво «Ранок»
Suggestions about Teaching Grammar
• When presenting grammar,
try to use charts, tables, diagrams,
maps, drawings.
• Avoid difficult grammatical terminology
as much as possible.
• Allow enough opportunities
for practice.
• Do not be frustrated by the students’
mistakes and errors, which are
inevitable in language learning.
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The best way to form grammar skills
is to use a lot of training exercises
and individual approach in teaching grammar.
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Useful tips for effective
grammatical explanations
• Prepare the right words, clear for learners.
• Make sure you have the class’s
full attention.
• Keep your explanations brief and simple.
Use the mother tongue if students cannot
follow an explanation in English.
• Use charts and other visuals whenever possible
to graphically depict grammatical relations.
• Illustrate with clear, unambiguous examples.
• Try to account for varying cognitive styles among students.
26. Видавництво «Ранок»
Useful tips for effective
grammatical explanations
• Do not get yourself and your students tied up
in knots over so called ‘exceptions’ to rules.
• If you are not sure how to explain something, do not risk giving false
information (it will cause even more embarrassment later); rather, tell
students, you will research that point and bring an answer back the next day.
• Do not introduce new grammar and new vocabulary at the same time.
• Present the information more than once.
• Get feedback – ask your students to paraphrase in their own words giving
examples.
28. Видавництво «Ранок»
Visual Learning
The combinations of words and images have been found to facilitate
learning, understanding, remembering and performing.
Visual learning (VL) is among the most effective methods for teaching
students of all ages how to think and how to learn.
It is a proven method in which ideas, concepts,
data and other information are associated with
images and represented graphically. Charts and
graphs are some of the techniques used
in VL to enhance thinking and learning skills.
29. Видавництво «Ранок»
Visual Learning
Visual learning helps students:
• to make abstract ideas visible and concrete;
• to connect prior knowledge and new concepts;
• to illustrate the most important information eliminating
everything that is not so critical;
• to select, structure, analyze and integrate information
in a meaningful way.
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A variety of strategies and methods
are used to ensure that all the students have
equal opportunities to learn. And our task is to reveal them.
33. Видавництво «Ранок»
Польське видавництво «PWN»
разом з українським видавництвом «Ранок»
представляють
Can Grammar Be Fun?..
СПІЛЬНИЙ ПРОЕКТ,
який здатний цілком змінити Ваші уявлення
щодо складності опанування англійської граматики!
36. Видавництво «Ранок»
Серія «Let’s...» ламає звичні
стереотипи – завдяки унікальній
системі подання теорії і практики
засвоїти англійську граматику тепер зможе кожний!
Мінімум тексту – максимум наочних опор!
58. Видавництво «Ранок»
Посібник містить правила англійської граматики,
подані у наочній формі, вправи різних ступенів
складності, що допоможуть відпрацювати й закріпити
граматичний матеріал, і ключі для перевірки
й самоконтролю. Видання укладено з урахуванням
вікових особливостей учнів. Кумедні ілюстрації
й римування, кросворди, ребуси, асоціограми,
а також оригінальна форма подачі граматичного
матеріалу зроблять процес навчання цікавим
і захопливим. Для учнів 7—9 класів загальноосвітніх
навчальних закладів, учителів англійської мови
та всіх, хто вивчає англійську.
72. Видавництво «Ранок»
Посібник містить правила англійської граматики,
подані в наочній формі, вправи різних ступенів
складності для відпрацювання й закріплення
граматичного матеріалу, таблицю неправильних
дієслів, ключі для самоперевірки. Видання
відзначається насиченістю яскравими прикладами,
оригінальними текстами, кумедними ілюстраціями,
рубриками, що пояснюють складні моменти
та поширені помилки. Може використовуватися під
час підготовки до іспиту FCE (рівень В2). Для учнів
старших класів загальноосвітніх навчальних
закладів, абітурієнтів, студентів ВНЗ та всіх,
хто вивчає англійську мову.
79. Видавництво «Ранок»
Світлана Губарєва
бренд-менеджер напряму
«Іноземна література» вид-ва «Ранок»
(+38) 068-610-99-46,
(+38) 095-253-12-21
inlit4u@ranok.com.ua
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