Slavery has existed in many forms throughout history. It involves treating people as property by forcing them to work against their will through means such as chattel slavery, debt bondage, or forced labor. While slavery has been abolished in every country, there are still an estimated 12 to 27 million slaves worldwide today, primarily in the forms of debt bondage and human trafficking forcing people into sex work. Historically, slaves made up most of the population in pre-industrial societies and supported economies, though mechanization has reduced the need for forced labor.

2. Slavery is a system under which people are treated
as property to be bought and sold, and are forced to
work. Slaves can be held against their will from the time
of their capture, purchase or birth, and deprived of the
right to leave, to refuse to work, or to demand
compensation. Historically, slavery was institutionally
recognized by many societies; in more recent times
slavery has been outlawed in most societies but
continues through the practices of debt bondage,
indentured servitude, serfdom, domestic servants kept in
captivity, certain adoptions in which children are forced
to work as slaves, child soldiers, and forced marriage.
Slavery is illegal in every country in the world, but there
are still an estimated 27 million slaves worldwide; some
opponents are hopeful that slavery can be eradicated by
2042.

3. Slavery predates written records and has existed in
many cultures. The number of slaves today remains as
high as 12 million to 27 million. Most are debt slaves,
largely in South Asia, who are under debt bondage
incurred by lenders, sometimes even for generations.
Human trafficking is primarily used for forcing
women and children into sex industries.
In pre-industrial societies, slaves and their labour
were economically extremely important to those who
benefitted from them. Slaves and serfs made up
around three-quarters of the world's population at the
beginning of the 19th century.
In modern mechanised societies, there is less need for
sheer massive manpower; Norbert Wiener wrote that
"mechanical labor has most of the economic properties
of slave labor, though. it does not involve the direct
demoralizing effects of human cruelty.

4. While many politicians and historians are now
troubled about celebrating the French Revolution
because of the violence of 1793 and 1794,
Robespierre's Constitution of the Year III attempted
to guarantee men and women the right to work, the
right to eat and the right to public assistance if they
could not work or eat. Robespierre's government
reaffirmed the right of Protestants and Jews to
citizenship in France and abolished slavery in 1794.
Though obviously in response to a slave revolt in Saint
Domingue, led by Toussaint L'Ouverture (1743-1803),
the decision to abolish slavery was not
uncontroversial. Many colonial interests opposed
ending slavery, and Napoleon's armies lost many lives
trying to reestablish it in the 1800s.

5. Evidence of slavery predates written records, and has
existed in many cultures. Prehistoric graves from about
8000 BC in Lower Egypt suggest that a Libyan people
enslaved a San-like tribe. Slavery is rare among hunter-
gatherer populations. Mass slavery also requires
economic surpluses and a high population density to be
viable. Due to these factors, the practice of slavery
would have only proliferated after the invention of
agriculture during the Neolithic Revolution about
11,000 years ago.
In the earliest known records slavery is treated as an
established institution. The Code of Hammurabi (ca.
1760 BC), for example, prescribed death for anyone who
helped a slave to escape or who sheltered a fugitive. The
Hebrew Bible refers uncritically to slavery as an
established institution.

6. 1. Chattel slavery.
2. Bonded labor.
3. Forced labor.
Chattel slavery :
Chattel slavery, so named because people are
treated as the personal property, chattels, of an owner
and are bought and sold as if commodities, is the original
form of slavery. When taking these chattels across
national borders it is referred to as human trafficking
especially when these slaves provide sexual services.
 Bonded labor :
Debt bondage or bonded labor occurs when a
person pledges himself or herself against a loan. The
services required to repay the debt, and their duration,
may be undefined. Debt bondage can be passed on from
generation to generation, with children required to pay
off their parents' debt. It is the most widespread form
of slavery today.

7.  Forced labor :
Forced labor occurs when an individual is forced
to work against his or her will, under threat of
violence or other punishment, with restrictions
on their freedom. It is also used to describe all
types of slavery and may also include institutions
not commonly classified as slavery, such as
serfdom, conscription and penal labor.