CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS

1. METALS, NON-
METALS, AND
METALLOIDS

2. Learning Goals
DESCRIBE THE PROPERTIES OF
TYPICAL METALS, NONMETALS,
AND METALLOIDS.
CLASSIFY ELEMENTS INTO
METALS, NON-METALS, AND
METALLOIDS.
RECOGNIZE THE IMPORTANCE
OF METALS, NON-METALS , AND
METALLOIDS.

3. ELEMENTS
•

4. 

5. PERIODIC TABLE

6. Metals

7. Properties of Metals
Metals appear to the left of the dark ziz-zag line on
the periodic table. Most metals are solid at room
temperature.

8. Properties of Metals
Metals have luster.
This means they are
shiny

9. Properties of Metals

10. Properties of Metals
Malleable
metals can be
hammered into
sheets

11. Properties of Metals
high melting point

12. Properties of Metals
Conductors
electricity
heat

13. When you leave a spoon in a cup of hot drink, the bit
poking out of the drink gets hot. Why? Conduction!
METALS are the best conductors of heat.
Best conductors:
silver and copper

14. Properties of Metals
A chemical property of
metal is its reaction
with water and
oxygen. This results
in corrosion and
rust.

15. ALKALI METALS
 Group 1 – soft and shiny
 React by losing 1 electron, never found uncombined in nature
 Na and K important elements for life
 Li – batteries and some medicines
ALKALINE EARTH METALS
 Fairly hard, gray-white, good conductors of electricity
 React by losing 2 electrons
 More reactive than most metals but less than family 1
 Mg and Ca most common
TRANSITION METALS
 Hard, shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity
 Many form colorful compounds
 Less reactive; used in jewelry
 Fe – essential for hemoglobin production

16. METALS in groups 13-15
 Less reactive
 AL used in cans and airplanes
 Sn – thin coating protects steel from corrosion
 Pb (poisonous) used in batteries
LANTHANIDES
• Soft, shiny, malleable metals with high conductivity
• Used in alloys with more common elements
• Found together in nature; difficult to separate
because they share common properties
ACTINIDES
• Ac, Th, Pa, and U are found in nature
• All others are synthetic elements made in
particle accelerators

18. Uses of metals :-
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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19. Nonmetals

20. Properties of Nonmetals




21. Properties of Nonmetals
dull.

22. Properties of Nonmetals

23. Properties of Nonmetals
density.

24. Properties of Nonmetals



25. Properties of Nonmetals





26. Carbon Family
• Gain or lose 4 electrons
• Compounds made from C are found in all living things
• Most fuels that are burned for energy contain C,
coal, gasoline, oil
Nitrogen Family
• N and P gain or share 3 electrons
• Atmosphere is 78% N2, a diatomic molecule
• all living things need N but cannot process it
• P is more reactive, always found in compounds in nature
**Diatomic Molecule – two atoms of the same element
bonded together

27. Oxygen
• Usually gains or shares 2 electrons; O, S, Se
• O is most abundant element in crust and
21% of atmosphere
• O2 – diatomic molecule living things breathe
• O3 – triatomic molecule;
Ozone in upper atmosphere – screens out
harmful radiation from the sun
Ozone at ground level it is a dangerous pollutant –
highly reactive
Halogens – means salt-forming
 Gains or shares 1 electron
 F – used to prevent tooth decay, non-stick pans
 Cl – used to kill bacteria, NaCl, CaCl melts ice on roads
 Br – used in photographic film
 I – medical uses

28. NOBLE/INERT GASES
 Do not usually gain, lose, or share electrons
 Found in small amounts in atmosphere
 He balloons
 Neon lights also made with Xe and Ar
HYDROGEN
• Doesn’t have a family because of its unique properties
• 90% of the atoms of the universe
• Only 1% of earth’s of mass of Earth’s crust, oceans, and
atmosphere
• Most is found in the form of water

29. 8) Uses of non
metals :-
Sulphur :- is used for making sulphuric acid, salts of
metals etc.
Oxygen :- is used for respiration by living things, burning
of fuels etc.
Nitrogen :- is used for making ammonia which is used for
making fertilizers.
Hydrogen :- is used for making ammonia which is used
for making fertilizers, as fuel in rockets, for welding etc.
Chlorine :- is used to kill germs in water.
Iodine :- is used as tincture iodine which is an antiseptic.

30. Metalloids

31. Properties of Metalloids
metals

32. Properties of Metalloids
metals

33. Properties of Metalloids
shiny dull

34. Properties of Metalloids

35. Properties of Metalloids

36.  Si – combine with O to form sand; used to
make glass
 B – a compound of B and O is used during
the glass-making process to make heat
resistant glass; also used in cleaning
materials
 Useful as semiconductors which conduct
under some conditions but not others
computer chips-
Metalloids

37. LET’S SUM IT
UP!!!
What are the three classifications of elements?
Where can we find metals? Non—metals? Metalloids?
Give the characteristics of each type.
Cite some uses of metals? Non-metals? Metalloids?

39. WHERE DO I BELONG?
METALS NON-METALS METALLOIDS
Al Ne
Cu Ar
Mg Pb
Zn As
C Ag
I Ca
S P
Si Ge
Po Sb
O Fr
LUSTER MALLEABLE MOSTLY SOLID
BRITTLE REACTIVE GOOD
CONDUCTORS
ZIGZAG LINE IN THE TABLE LEFT SIDE OF THE TABLE CORROSIVE
DUCTILE POOR CONDUCTOR
SEMI-CONDUCTORS RIGHT SIDE OF THE TABLE
DULL CAN BE SHINY OR DULL