Evolution of AI and ChatBot

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CHATBOT TECHNOLOGIES
DurgaSubburaman(Solution Architect)

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Agenda
• Artificial Intelligence
• Evolution of Conversational UI
• ChatBot
• Overview,
• Background
• History
• Evolution
• How ChatBot Work
• Anatomy of Chatbot
• Application
• Benefits
• Challenges
• Future perspective
• Statistics

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Artificial Intelligence
• Intelligence exhibited by machines; “A flexible rational agent that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its
chance of success at some goal”. The term "artificial intelligence” is applied when a machine mimics cognitive functions that
humans associate with other human minds, such as learning and problem solving
• Business Domain
• Aviation
• Air Operation Division (AOD) uses AI for the rule based expert systems. AOD has use for AI for surrogate operators for combat and training simulators,
mission management aids, support systems for tactical decision making, and post processing of the simulator data into symbolic summaries
• Finance
• Algorithm trading, Market analysis and data mining , Personal finance, portfolio management, underwriting
• Heavy Industry
• Robots used to for dangerous/repeated-work jobs; more
• Hospital and medicine
• Artificial neural network used for clinical decision support system for medical diagnostics such as in “Conception Processing” technology in EMR (Electronical
medical record) software
• Drug creation and etc
• Music
• AI can even produce music usable in a medical setting, with Melomics’s effort to use computer-generated music for stress and pain relief.
• At Sony CSL Research Laboratory, their Flow Machines software has created pop songs by learning music styles from a huge database of songs. By analyzing
unique combinations of styles and optimizing techniques, it can compose in any style.
• News, publishing and writing
• Algorithm used by Google shows personalize search our past search, Facebook shows news feed based on our past activity(like/post/any) in Facebook
• Online and telephone custom services
• Artificial intelligence is implemented in automated online assistants that can be seen as avatars on web pages
• And more
• Feature Application
• Understanding human speech
• Strategic games
• Bots
• And More

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Evolution of Conversational UI
4
Mid- 80’s
• Personal
Computer and
Mainframe
• Desktop UI
• Word, Excel
Mid- 90’s
• Internet and
Web browser
• Website, Yahoo,
amazon
• Web Pages
Mid- 2000’s
• Mobile Devices
and mobile
operating
system
• Apps –
Angrybird,
instagram
• Native Apps
(Android, IOS,
Windows)
Mid- 2010’s
• Messaging
App’s (
WhatsApp,
Skype, WebChat
and Hike)
• Apps - Personal
Assistance Siri,
Cortana
• Conversations
Forget App
Store and
Play store ,
you will use
me in
future

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The future:
Conversatio
ns
• Natural language
between people
and technology
• Conversational
canvas
• Bots and agents
2000s: Mobile
• Social
• User download apps
from App Stores
1990s: Internet
• Search
• User “visits” websites
1980s: PC
• Desktop

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Overview
• Chatbot is a computer program that conducts a conversation via audio or
text. It is also known as a talkbot,chatterbox, Bot, Artificial converstional
entity.
• A chatbot is a service, powered by rules and sometimes artificial
intelligence, that you interact with via a chat interface. The service could
be any number of things, ranging from functional to fun, and it could live
in any major chat product.
• These bots coupled with services APIs form what has been termed as the
“Conversational User Interface”.
• Uses Natural Language Processing or a list of keywords stored in database to
scan and match the similar wording pattern
• Part of Virtual Assistant and instant messaging platform such as Facebook
Messenger

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Overview Continued …
7
• What is a bot?
An Uber will cost £5.37, and is available within 2
minutes, would you like request a ride?
I need a ride from London Bridge to Camden
Yes
Your Uber has been ordered, your driver is Roger
Wilks and is in a Black Tesla Model S

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Overview Continued …
Video: Introduction to chatbot(Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYJjrvXSbnM)

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Background
1. ELIZA is considered as first Chatbot developed in 1966(Weizenbaum,
1966)
2. Was able to fool user in believing them to have conversation with human
3. Works on a principle of recognizing the words from sentence and giving a
pre programmed or pre prepared output on the basis of recognized
words
4. Alan Turing proposed a paper called “Turing Test” that is considered as a
criteria of Intelligence(Turing, 1950)
5. ELIZA was the first to pass this test
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History
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History Continued …

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History Continued …

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History Continued …
Source: (https://futurism.com/images/the-history-of-chatbots-
infographic/)

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Evolution (Six Stages)
1. The Character Actor
• Look for key phrases in text or speech and based on it give output of scripted responses (The primary effort that goes into these
bots is making the scripted responses entertaining so you’ll want to continue the interaction.). Bots at higher stages need to
provide interesting interaction also, so it’s not a good idea to skip stage 1 entirely.
2. The Assistant
• Narrow down the task and assigned to do that particular task only
• Each task represented with a form. Similar to stage 1 but rules has been split down the middle into two set of rules. One set
looks for key phrases and other set checks if form is filled. If yes calls web services. Started from late 90s
• Used for ordering pizza, making reservation
3. The Talking Encyclopedia
• No longer require predefined form
• Build up a representation of what you mean by word by word(Semantic Parsing)
• Used for weather forecasting, finding chinese restaurant nearby
• Google’s Syntaxnet is one of the example
4. The Historian
• Above the stage bots are not good at understnading how the given sentences connects to one another
• Build up a representation of what you mean by word by word(Semantic Parsing)
• Maintain discourse history
• Integrate gesture understaning with language understanding
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Evolution (Six Stages) Continued …
5. The Collaborator
• In Earlier stage chatbot recognizes the task that needs to be performed but it really cannot relate what user are actually trying to
achieve.
• This stage of chatbot will suggest and recommend the best possible option using AI
6. The Companion
• Similar to human Conselor
• Insipired from Movie “Her”
(Source: Link: https://medium.com/@intentionperception/the-6-evolutionary-stages-of-chatbot-ai-d67ddabdebf)
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How it works
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Video: How Chatbot Work? (Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUWlXtrRlMY)

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How it works …

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Video: How Chatbot Work? (Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUWlXtrRlMY)

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Type of Bots
• Text bots — conversational products living within chat interfaces. Examples include: Slack, Facebook
Messenger, Telegram, and Kik
• Visual bots — visual products living within chat interfaces. Examples include: WeChat, Google.
• Audio bots — voice-based bots. Examples include: Apple Siri, Microsoft Cortana, Google Now,
Amazon Alexa.

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Application
1. Messaging platform: Eg: Facebook, WeChat, Skype, Twitter and more
2. Apps and Website: Eg: Ask Jenn from Alaska Airlines (2008)
3. Company Internal Platform (Automated online assistance): Eg: Chatbot instead of call centre
4. Toys (Chatbots are incorporated in device): Eg: Hello Barbie, a combination of Hologram and
Chatbot - by Toy Talk company

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Application …

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Application …

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Application …

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Benefits
• 24 x 7 Availability
• Enhance Shopping Experience
• Maintain and Engage Customers (via message)
• Reduce Cost by Reducing Chat Operators
• Efficient Marketing Tool

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Challenges
• User Acceptance
• Human-Less Communication
• Job-Loss
• Unable to Perform Complex Task

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Future perspective
• Single Entry Point
• Artificial Intelligence
• Internet Of Things
• Personalization

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Future perspective …
Video: Future of chatbot(Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8qyKQVPR6k)

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Statistics
A Survey on Whether Chatbots
Will Replace Human
Counterparts Completely?
Source: (https://chatbotsjournal.com/5-learnings-from-our-chatbot-
survey-2017-72a6a4fc209c)

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Statistics …
Industries That Will Benefit The
Most From Chatbots
Source: (https://chatbotsjournal.com/5-learnings-from-our-chatbot-survey-
2017-72a6a4fc209c)

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Statistics …
• By Numbers
• Above 11,000 bots using Facebook Message in mid of 2016
• 20,000 bots using kik
• Example ;“Burberry bot” shopping bot to buy New York Fashion week pieces
• Start from April 2017 , 100,000 bots were created for Messenger alone in the first year of
Messenger platform
• Voice have started paying attention to ChatBots too
• Enhance Shopping Experience
• Zo – Created by Microsoft for Facebook and Kik
• Ruuh - – Created by Microsoft for Indian Market
• Maintain and Engage Customers (via message)
• Reduce Cost by Reducing Chat Operators
• Efficient Marketing Tool

31. Confidential
DurgaSubburaman
https://www.linkedin.com/in/durga-
subburaman-52012025
durgasubburaman@gmail.com
durgasubburaman@twitter.com