Preparing for the next php version
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While many systems are still supporting PHP 5.3, we are rushing PHP 5.6 and even PHP 7. To ensure a good migration, one must go beyond checking for compilation: the code must be reviewed to avoid pitfalls like obsoletes functions, changes in default parameters or behavior, and backward incompatibilities. It must also start taking advantage of new features and drop old habits. We'll review a checklist of the common traps and help your code be PHP 7 compatible
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Preparing for the next php version
- 1. MIGRATING TO NEW PHP VERSIONS Washington DC, USA
- 2. TOWARDS PHP 70 Changing version is always a big challenge Backward incompatibilities New features How to spot them ?
- 3. SPEAKER Damien Seguy CTO at exakat Static code analysis for PHP
- 4. PHP LINTING command line : php -l filename.php Will only parse the code, not execution Will spot compilation problems
- 8. PHP -L WILL FIND Short array syntax Function subscripting Code that won’t compile anyway
- 9. PHP 7 LINTING Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP Cannot use abcInt as Int because 'Int' is a special class name Switch statements may only contain one default clause Redefinition of parameter $%s syntax error, unexpected 'new' (T_NEW)
- 10. WHERE ELSE CODE WILL BREAK? PHP running has 3 stages parsed compiled executed Checked with lint Checked with data and UT Checked code review
- 11. GETTING READY http://php.net/manual/en/migration70.php UPGRADING TO PHP 7, Davey Shafik https://github.com/php/php-src/blob/master/ UPGRADING https://github.com/php/php-src/blob/master/NEWS get_headers() has an extra parameter in 7.1
- 12. WHAT WILL CHANGE? Incompatible changes Deprecated changes Changed features New features
- 13. INCOMPATIBILITIES Features that were dropped Features that were added
- 14. ADDED STRUCTURES Functions Classes Constants 5.3 40 2 80 5.4 0 9 78 5.5 12 11 57 5.6 1 10 10 7.0 10 10 41 Total 1293 153 1149
- 16. REMOVED FEATURES $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA Replace it by php://input php://input is now reusable
- 17. REMOVED FEATURES ext/mysql Look for mysql_* functions Probably in Db/Adapter ext/ereg ereg, ereg_replace, split, sql_regcase
- 18. USORT <?php $array = array( 'foo', 'bar', 'php' ); usort($array, function($a, $b) { return 0; } ); print_r($array); Array ( [0] => php [1] => bar [2] => foo ) Array ( [0] => foo [1] => bar [2] => php ) PHP 5 PHP 7
- 19. WHERE TO LOOK FOR ? Find the name of the structure (function name…) Grep, or IDE’s search function will help you $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA Look for mysql_* Look ereg, split, usort
- 20. PREG_REPLACE AND /E preg_replace(‘/ /e’, ‘evaled code’, $haystack) replaced preg_replace_callback(‘/ /‘, closure, $haystack) preg_replace_callback_array()
- 23. DEFAULT_CHARSET htmlentities() PHP 5.3 : ISO-8859-1 PHP 5.4 : UTF-8 PHP 5.6 : default_charset (also UTF 8)
- 24. WHERE TO LOOK FOR ? preg_replace Search for preg_replace function calls Refine with /e, multiples calls default_charset Search for ini_set, ini_get, ini_get_all, ini_restore, get_cfg_var Seach in php.ini, .htaccess Search for htmlentities(), html_entity_decode() and htmlspecialchars()
- 25. DEPRECATED FEATURES Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; foo has a deprecated constructor Not happening if a parent case has a __constructor() Not happening if the class is in a namespace
- 26. Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; foo has a deprecated constructor PHP 4 CONSTRUCTORS Use the E_DEPRECATED error level while in DEV Check the logs
- 27. CALL-TIME PASS-BY-REFERENCE References are in the function signature Deprecated warnings until PHP 7 A nice Parse error in PHP 7 <?php $a = 3; function f($b) { $b++; } f(&$a); print $a; ?> PHP Parse error: syntax error, unexpected '&' in
- 28. WHERE TO LOOK FOR ? Use error level Set error_level to maximum Spot errors in the log Refine Great to reduce log size
- 29. INCOMPATIBLE CONTEXT <?php class A { function f() { echo get_class($this); } } A::f(); ?> Notice: Undefined variable: this in A Deprecated: Non-static method A::f() should not be called statically in Notice: Undefined variable: this in A
- 30. EASY TO SPOT Use the E_DEPRECATED or strict while in DEV Strict Standards: Non-static method A::f() should not be called statically in test.php on line 6 Deprecated: Non-static method A::f() should not be called statically in test.php on line 6
- 32. SEARCH FOR SITUATIONS Search for :: operator Get the class then the method then the static keyword Needs a automated auditing tool Exakat, Code sniffer, IDE
- 33. STATIC ANALYZIS PHP 5, PHP 7 Psr-4 ClearPHP Performance
- 34. SUMMARY PHP lint is your friend Search in the code With Grep Directly, or indirectly With the logs Use static analysis tools
- 35. NEW FEATURES They require willpower Breaks backward compatibility FUD Search for places to apply them like for incompatibilities
- 37. FIXING
- 38. EMPTY() UPGRADE No need anymore to expressions in a variable for empty()! Fatal error: Can't use function return value in write context in test.php on line 6 5.5 <?php function myFunction() { return -2 ; } if (empty(myFunction() + 2)) { echo "This means 0!n"; } ?>
- 39. MODERNIZATION
- 40. SPACESHIP OPERATOR Replaces a lot of code Mainly useful for usort and co Very Cute <?php // PHP 5.6 if ($a > $b) { echo 1; } elseif ($a < $b) { echo -1; } else { echo 0; } // PHP 7.0 echo $a <=> $b; // 0
- 41. NULL-COALESCE Shorter way to give a test for NULL and failover <?php // PHP 5.6 $x = $_GET['x'] === null ? 'default' : $_GET['x']; // PHP 7.0 $x = $_GET['x'] ?? 'default'; ?>
- 43. … VARIADIC replaces func_get_args() Easier to read <?php // PHP 5.5 function array_power($pow) { $integers = func_get_args(); array_unshift($integers); foreach($integers as $i) { print "$i ^ $pow = ". pow($i, $pow)."n"; } } // PHP 7.0 function array_power($pow, ...$integers) { foreach($integers as $i) { print "$i ^ $pow = ". ($i ** $pow)."n"; } 5.6
- 46. REALLY NEW
- 47. SCALAR TYPE TYPEHINT Whenever type is tested <?php function foo(string $x) { if (!is_string($x)) { throw new Exception('Type error while calling '.__FUNCTION__); } }
- 49. GENERATORS New yield keyword Save memory from n down to 1 value Good for long or infinite loops Search for range(), for() or loops literals, database result sets, file lines
- 50. <?php class Version { const MAJOR = 2; const MIDDLE = ONE; const MINOR = 1; const FULL = Version::MAJOR.'.'.Version::MIDDLE.'.'.Version::MINOR. '-'.PHP_VERSION; const SHORT = Version::MAJOR.'.'.Version::MIDDLE; const COMPACT = Version::MAJOR.Version::MIDDLE.Version::MINOR; const AN_ARRAY = [1,2,3,4]; public function f($a = (MAJOR == 2) ? 3 : Version::MINOR ** 3) { return $a; } } CONSTANT SCALAR EXPRESSIONS Code automation Keep it simple Won’t accept functioncalls Won't accept variables
- 51. CONSTANT SCALAR EXPRESSIONS Lots of properties should be constants <?php class Version { const SUPPORTED = ['1.0', '1.1', '2.0', '2.1']; private $an_array = [1,2,3,4]; public function isSupported($x) { return isset(Version::SUPPORTED[$x]); } }
- 52. SUMMARY Check the manuals PHP lint is your friend Search in the code Use static analysis tools