Here's the annotated version of the powerpoint

1. Introduction to Imperialism
(mid 19th to early 20th century)

2. What is Imperialism?
• when one nation completely dominates the
economy, government and culture of another nation

3. What is Imperialism?
• when one nation completely dominates the
economy, government and culture of another nation
• This cartoon depicts England as an octopus and
show that it had its hands in several countries on
several continents around the world; it was the
number one imperial power in the 20th century.

4. Four Motives
Behind Imperialism
• Nationalism!
• Racism and ethnocentrism (Christian
mission + “white man’s burden”)
• Industrialization and capitalism
• Sense of adventure

5. Motive for European Imperialism
(continued)
• Nationalism! Countries think they are the best, so they
should take over other areas.
• Racism and ethnocentrism (Christian mission + “white man’s
burden”): Many Europeans thought they were superior to
non-white groups and thought they were “uncivilized” and
needed European guidance to develop. Europeans also
thought people’s souls needed to be saved because they
were heathens. They wanted to convert them to
Christianity.

6. Motive for European Imperialism
(cont’d)
• Industrialization and capitalism: European nations need raw
materials (rubber, cotton, dye..) from other countries
to fuel mass production of goods. They also need
markets where they can sell their finished products.
• Sense of adventure: People returned from visiting Africa,
India, and Asia and had exciting stories about different
people, animals, food, and terrain. People wanted to
join in and go to these nations.

7. Spain in Latin America
Cortes in Mexico
Spain vs Portugal
Why?

8. Spain in Latin America
Cortes in Mexico
Spain vs Portugal Both were very
powerful in the 15th and 16th
centuries; they were leaders in
global exploration
Why? Gold, God and Glory: gain money
for the king & queen, spread Christianity
and spread the influence and power of
the Spanish monarch
He led the conquest of the
Aztecs (divide & conquer)
and took over modern day
Mexico and part of
Central America

9. England’s Dominance

10. England’s Dominance
• During the 20th c., England was the largest imperial
power in the world!
• It was one of the strongest nations in the world
until World War II.
• Many of its colonies began to seek independence
after the war.
• After defeating Germany, imperialism seemed
hypocritical.

11. England in India

12. • England took control of India in the late 18th
century; it became a very valuable colony
• England bought cotton from India for a low price,
manufactured it into clothes in England and then sold
the clothes in India for a huge profit!
• With the non-violent leadership of Gandhi, India
gained its independence in 1947
England in India

13. The “Scramble for Africa”
• first Euro contact was approx mid 1400s
• hundreds of different tribes flourished
• Obstacles:African armies, disease and terrain
• by 1880, Europe controlled 10% of Africa
• By1914: Europe controls 96% of Africa!!!
• Check out the map on the next slide

14. The “Scramble for Africa”
• first Euro contact was approx mid 1400s The Portuguese were
some of the leaders in the slave trade.
• hundreds of different tribes flourished There was and is a lot of
diversity in Africa. Home to some of the earliest civilizations.
• Obstacles: African armies, disease and terrain Europeans were not
accustomed to the geography. Many Euros got malaria and
died. African soldiers knew the terrain.
• by 1880, Europe controlled 10% of Africa
• By1914: Europe controls 96% of Africa!!! How did this happen?

15. By1914: Europe controls 96% of Africa!!!
AFRICA 1880

16. By1914: Europe controls 96% of Africa!!!
AFRICA 1880
• Map on the left shows the tribal groups
before Euro involvement
• Liberia: was founded with help from the USA
as a place to send slaves!
• Ethiopia was quick to adapt to Western
fighting methods & obtained a lot of guns

17. Why Was Europe Successful?
• divide and conquer strategy
• military and technological advantages
• medical developments; especially quinine
• 77% of Euros had died from disease (UCal)

18. Why Was Europe Successful?
• divide and conquer strategy Europeans formed alliances with
African tribes to defeat their enemies. Once that
happened, the Euros turned on their African allies and
defeated them!
• military and technological advantages Europeans had machine
guns and mechanized ships
• medical developments; especially quinine This prevented malaria
and helped Euros conquer Africa.
• 77% of Euros had died from disease (UCal)

19. Effects of Imperialism: Conflicts
• Berlin Conference (1884)
• Boer War (1899-1902) in S.Africa
• Post WW I and WW II (impact of nationalism)
• Countries compete for natural resources

20. Effects of Imperialism: Conflicts
• Berlin Conference (1884) Europeans met to discuss the “rules”
for conquering Africa. Of course, no Africans were
invited! A European nation had to declare its intention
to conquer an area and then demonstrate that it could
control the area.
• Boer War (1899-1902) in S. Africa English and Dutch settlers
fought to control S.Africa because it had valuable
resources like diamonds. Ultimately, they share control.
Afrikaners will control S.Africa until 1994!

21. Effects of Imperialism: Conflicts
(continued)
• Post WW I and WW II (impact of nationalism) Nobody like
to be controlled by a foreign power. After
both world wars, there is a surge in
nationalism, empires break up and new
nations are formed.
• Countries compete for natural resources Natural
resources, such as rubber, diamonds and dye
are very valuable and nations compete for
them