2. MEANING OF THEORY
⢠âA theory is a set of interrelated construct
(concepts), definitions and propositions (a
statement that expresses a opinion) that present
a systemic view of phenomenon by specifying
relations among variables with the purpose of
explaining and predicting the phenomenon.â
-Kelinger 1973
3. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The theoretical framework is a collection of
interrelated concepts that represent a piece of
theory to be examined as the basis from research
studies. It presents a broad, general explanation
of the relationship between the concepts of the
research study based on an existing study.
4. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
⢠Conceptual framework represent ways of
thinking about a problem.
⢠It deals with abstractions ( concepts) that
are assembled from a common theme.
5. DEFINATION
⢠A written or visual presentation that âexplains
either graphically or by narration, the main
things to be studied â the key factors,
concepts or variables - and the presumed
relationship among themâ. (Miles and
Huberman, 1994)
6. ⢠A Conceptual framework provides a logical,
unified and orderly way of seeing related
events or processes that relevant to a study/
research and less formal than theories.
⢠It can be :
⢠Basic or elaborative,
⢠Theory driven or commonsensical ,
⢠Descriptive or casual (Miles, and
Huberman )
7. ⢠It broadly presents understanding of the
phenomenon of interest and reflects the
assumptions (accepted as true without
proof) andphilosophic view of the designer.
⢠It is researcherâs own position on the problem
theway theresearchershapesit together.
8. What it does?
⢠Conceptual frameworks serve like a flexible
springboardfortheorydevelopment.
⢠CFshowstherelationshipof thestated hypotheseswith
central factorsorkey concepts.
⢠PartofCFoffersasynopsisof thestudy's mainpoints.
9. ⢠Each framework highlights or emphasizes different
aspectsof aproblemorresearch question.
⢠Any one conceptual framework presents only a partial
view ofreality.
⢠Focuses attention on and amplify certain elements of a
problemlikeusingamagnifying glass
10. Purposes
⢠Provides an organizing structure for the
researchdesign and methods.
⢠Useful to prepare research proposal using
experimentalor descriptivemethods.
⢠Guides the development and testing of
interventions andhypotheses.
11. Ingredients
⢠A conceptual framework is composed of concepts and
the relational linkages between them ( called
propositionalstatements)
⢠Concepts abstractly describes and names an object or
phenomenon, thus providing it with separate identity or
meaning.
⢠It is actually the intellectual representation of some aspect of
reality,derived fromobservationsmadefrom phenomenon.
14. Conceptsynthesis
Process of describing and naming a previously
unrecognizedconcept
Eg. Synthesis to identifyanddefinetheconceptstress.
Concept derivation
Meanings are derived from other disciplines may be
modified and carefully evaluated to fit in the nursing
knowledge
15. Conceptualanalysis
⢠A strategy through a set of characteristics essential
to the suggestive meaning of a concept is
identified.
⢠A strategy that involves examining the attributes
characteristicsofaconcept.
-Walker&Avant1983
16. Its a philosophical inquiry; Researcher
explores various ways the termis used and try
to identify set of characteristics that can be
used to describe the concept.
How?
By Ă search of literature
Ă personal experience and thought
Ă Reasoning
- Walker & Avant 1985
17. Types of concepts
Accordingto Level of abstraction:
1. Abstract concepts or theoretical concepts
2. Empirical or descriptive concepts
18. According to level of categorization:
1. Global ordomain concepts
2. Middle rangeconcepts
3. Empiricalconcepts
19. ⢠Concepts are important because they
provide a road map
⢠Give the big picture ideas (the concepts)
up front, and then fit in the smaller facts
and details
⢠Provide the context for the researcher
20. ⢠Next steps isto state Relations
with concepts.
⢠?Relationalstatement-declaresthata relationship
of some kind exists between two or more
concepts.(Walker&Avant 1980)
21. Importance of relational statements
⢠Coreof framework
⢠Relationalstatementaretestedthrough
research.
⢠Relational statementsdeterminesthe
- Objectives
- Research questions and hypothesis
- Research design
- Statistical analysis
- Type of findings expected
22. Special features
It describes
* Direction
* Shape
* Strength
* Symmetry
* Sequencing
* Probabilityofoccurrence
* Necessity
* Sufficiency
23. What inputs go into developing a
conceptual framework?
Experientialknowledge of researcherandsupervisor
â Literaturereview
â Technical knowledge.
â Researchbackground.
â Personalexperience.
â Data