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Chapter 1.ppt 1
1.
SOC 3880 –
Criminal Justice, Marjie T. Britz, Ph.D. mbritz@clemson.edu Criminal Justice CHAPTER 1 PERSPECTIVES ON CRIMINAL JUSTICE
2.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Summarize the impacts of mass media and politics on people's perspectives on crime. Summarize the effects of fear of victimization. Summarize criminology and the study of criminal justice. Summarize major events that led to changes in the American criminal justice system. Describe the public order (crime control) and individual rights (due process) perspectives of criminal justice and how the criminal justice system balances the two. CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
3.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Describe the structure of the criminal justice system. Outline the fundamentals of the criminal justice process. Define terms related to the criminal justice system. Explain the concept of victimless crimes. CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
4.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Summarize the impacts of mass media and politics on people's perspectives on crime. Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes 1.1
5.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Media Perspectives on Crime1.1 Gallup poll on crime Criminologists 5
6.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved The Political Perspective of Crime1.1 6
7.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved 1.1 The Political Perspective of Crime 7
8.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Summarize the effects of fear of victimization. Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes 1.2
9.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved 1.2 Fear of death due to homicide is related to the lack of control an individual has over homicide Citizens rank feeling safe from crime ahead of job satisfaction, financial security, and health Fear of crime leads many people to give up activities that they would normally undertake High levels of fear can turn otherwise law- abiding citizens into outlaws 9
10.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved10 Perspectives of Fear of Crime1.2
11.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved 1.2 Vigilantism Scapegoating 11
12.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Summarize criminology and the study of criminal justice. Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes 1.3
13.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved 1.3 There is no society that has not reported problems with crime and with what to do with offenders, but there is considerable variation among crime rates in different societies. The Universality of Crime 13
14.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Crimes Criminal Law 1.3 Criminology 14
15.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Types of Crimes1.3 Felonies Misdemeanorsvs. 15
16.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Crime and Behavior1.3 Criminalization Decriminalizationvs. 16
17.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Summarize major events that led to changes in the American criminal justice system. Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes 1.4
18.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Origins of the Criminal Justice System1.4 Justice in the Colonial Period The Evolution of Due Process 18
19.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved19 1.4
20.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Describe the public order (crime control) and individual rights (due process) perspectives of criminal justice and how the criminal justice system balances the two. Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes 1.5
21.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Herbert L. Packer Identified Two Models in 1968— The Crime Control and Due Process Models Crime ControlDue Process 1.5
22.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Describe the structure of the criminal justice system. Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes 1.6
23.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Police CourtsCorrections 23 1.6 Criminal Justice System Structure
24.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved The Court System1.6 Federal State 24
25.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved The Court System1.6 Limited GeneralAppellate 25
26.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Outline the fundamentals of the criminal justice process. Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes 1.7
27.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Arraignment Trial CorrectionsSentencing 27 1.7 Information/ Indictment First Appearance Booking Preliminary Hearing Criminal Justice Process
28.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved The Criminal Justice Filter1.7 28
29.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Define terms related to the criminal justice system. Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes 1.8
30.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Explain the concept of victimless crimes. Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes 1.9
31.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved 1.9 Offenses in which the "offender" and the "victim" are the same individual or in which the behavior is consensual. Victimless Crimes 31
32.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Much of what we know about crime is shaped by atypical sensational incidents, because our perceptions of crime and its victims are based largely on media portrayals. Most of us lack personal experience with serious crime. Serious crime is relatively rare, so most people's experience with crime is largely petty thefts and burglaries. These experiences do not produce the fear and anxiety that hate crimes, murders, rapes, or other serious crimes create. Fear of crime leads many people to give up activities that they would normally undertake, especially activities at night. High levels of fear can turn otherwise law-abiding citizens into outlaws. The management of police, courts, and corrections, and the study of the causes of and treatment for crime. The history of U.S. criminal law is a history of change. Some acts that were once against the law later became lawful (e.g., profanity, sale of alcoholic beverages after Prohibition). Other acts that were once lawful later became illegal (e.g., possession of slaves, sale of alcoholic beverages during Prohibition). CHAPTER SUMMARY
33.
© 2013 by
Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved 1.5 According to the crime control model, repression of criminal conduct is the most important function of the criminal justice system. In contrast, the due process model treats the preservation of individual liberties as the most important function of the criminal justice system. The U.S. Criminal Justice system is made up of more than 19,000 police departments, 17,000 courts, and 6,000 correctional facilities centered largely in local government. These agencies have in common criminal law and criminal procedure, which specify the types of acts over which the system has jurisdiction and the precise way that individual cases are to be handled. It is useful to think of the criminal justice process as a filter. The law, police, courts, and corrections each capture their share of law violators. The law itself casts the widest filter, reflecting the large number of behaviors that are illegal. The police arrest some law violators, depending on priorities, resources, public policies, and other factors. See 'Key Terms' on page 24. Victimless crimes are offenses in which the "offender" and the "victim" are the same individual or in which the behavior is consensual. 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 CHAPTER SUMMARY
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