11. “ WE DON’T SEE THINGS AS THEY
ARE, WE SEE THINGS AS WE ARE.”
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12. Introduction
When our sensory-organs comes in
contact with the world and are stimulated
by the external stimuli and receive the
sensations it result in perception.
Sensation is the initial response of an
individual to the stimuli.
Perception is the interpretation of
sensory stimuli which reach the sense
organs and the brain.
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14. Definition
Perception is the experience of object,
events or relationships obtained by
extracting the information from and
interpreting the sensations.
(OR)
A process by which individuals organize
and interpret their sensory impressions
in order to give meaning to their
environment.
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15. Process of perception
Perception is the process by which we
discriminate among the stimuli and
interpret their meanings.
Eg: when we hear a sound we are able
to identify it as being produced by a car
or a bus. Perception gives meaning to
sensation.
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16. The Perceptual Process
1. Sensation
An individual’s ability to
detect stimuli in the
immediate
environment.
2. Selection
The process a person
uses to eliminate some
of the stimuli that have
been sensed and to
retain others for further
processing.
3.Organization
The process of placing
selected perceptual
stimuli into a
framework for
“storage.”
4.Translation
The stage of the
perceptual process at
which stimuli are
interpreted and given
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18. Perception: is a process
by which individuals organize
and interpret their sensory
impressions in order to give meaning to
their environment.
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20. Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception
We impose visual organization on stimuli
W.E. Hill, 1915 German postcard, 1880
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21. Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception
Illusory
Contours
The Kanisza triangle as figure-ground illusory contours
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22. Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception
Three Main Principles:
Grouping (proximity, similarity,
continuity, closure)
Goodness of figures
Figure/ground relationships
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23. Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception
Grouping:
Law of Proximity
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24. Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception
Grouping:
Law of Similarity
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25. Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception
Grouping: Law of Similarity: Shape, Scale, Color2/6/2015 25www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
26. Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception
Law of Good Continuation, or
Continuity
Objects arranged in either a
straight line or a smooth
curve tend to be seen as a
unit.
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27. Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception
Law of Closure
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28. Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception
Law of Common Fate
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29. Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception
Goodness of Figure, or the Law of Pragnanz
(Pragnanz is German for Pregnant, but in the sense of
pregnant with meaning, not with child!)
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30. Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception
Figure/Ground relationships
Figure – seen as the foreground
Ground – seen as the background
Contours – “belong” to the figure
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32. Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception
Reversible Figure/Ground
relationship
Can be affected by the
principle of smallness:
Smaller areas tend to be seen
as figures against a larger
background.
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34. Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception
Gestalt laws of Grouping organize the
visual scene into units
The Law of Pragnanz, or Goodness of
Figure creates the simplest most meaningful
pattern
Figure/Ground relationships define
important parts of the scene
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35. Factors influencing perception
Sense organs
Brain
Memory images of the past experience
Personal interests & mind set
Acquired interest
Needs and desires
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36. Errors in perception
Illusion
Hallucination
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37. CAUSES FOR INACCURATE
PERCEPTION
Defective functioning of sense organs
Inadequate stimulus
Too many stimuli at one time
Poor health
Limited attention
Figure merges in the ground
Guidance
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38. NURSING IMPLICATIONS OF
PERCEPTION
Accurate perception & observation are very important
for a nurse to provide quality care to a patient.
If she is not a keen observer she will not be able to
note some very critical or important symptoms with
the result that some times the patient may die
premature.
Accurate perception & observation will help the nurse
to gather accurate information & knowledge which will
help the nurse to learn more easily, adjust more
quickly to new situations.
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39. Count…
With accurate perception nurses memory
improve, recording & reporting is more
accurate & is helpful for the patient &
other health team members.
All types of false perceptions, illusions
should be scrupulously avoided by her.
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