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Intervention in Menorrhagia Through Chiropractic
and Spondylotherapy: A Case Report
William J. Boro, D.C., C.C. | Annapolis, MD | www.nosnappingnocracking.com
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Hey Doc, you gotta help me!
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
I don’t want surgery!
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
“I’ve never had regular periods.
I’ve been bleeding heavily
for over two weeks.
My gynecologist says “deal with it.”
Can you help?”
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Menorrhagia
“Surgical management has been the standard of
treatment in menorrhagia due to organic causes
(eg, fibroids) or when medical therapy fails to alleviate
symptoms. Surgical treatment ranges from a simple D&C
to a full hysterectomy.”
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Why Chiropractic?
• According to the National Board of Chiropractic Examiners
job analysis report, ‘menstrual disorder is the only female
reproductive condition that chiropractors see more than
rarely’
• 72% of patients with dysmenorrhea also have low back pain
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Incidence of Common Female Problems
Fibroids
Benign tumors on the
uterus
Affects 4-18% of
women
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Incidence of Common Female Problems
Adenomyosis
Endometrial tissue
grows into wall of
uterus
Affects 20% of women
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Incidence of Common Female Problems
Endometriosis
Uterine lining becomes
implanted outside the
uterus
Affects about 10% of
women, 25-35% of
infertile women
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Incidence of Common Female Problems
• Dysmenorrhea—pain during menstruation that interferes
with daily activities (50%)
• Menorrhagia—heavy bleeding (20%)
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Normal Menstrual Cycles
• 21-35 day cycle, with 3-5 days of
bleeding
• Average blood loss 25-80 ml
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Normal Tampon Use in a Whole Menstrual Period
In a typical period, a woman will lose 25-80 ml of blood.
If regular tampons used, this will soak 9 tampons.
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Menorrhagia Tampon Use in 2 Days
This patient was going through a super plus tampon every
hour and a half for 2 days straight. This amounts to 32 super
plus tampons, each holding 12-15 grams.
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Menorrhagia Facts
• Affects up to 10 million American women in their 40’s and 50’s
(that’s 20%)
• Only about a third ever discuss it with their doctor
• Many doctors prescribe:
• NSAIDs help reduce blood loss and relieve cramps
• Hormone therapy regulates cycles and reduces episodes of prolonged bleeding
• IUD (progestin) makes the uterine lining thin and decreases blood flow and
cramping
• Tranexamic acid controls heavy bleeding
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Menorrhagia Symptoms
• Blood loss more than 80 ml
• Period lasting more than 7 days
• Soaking of one or more sanitary products every hour for
several consecutive hours
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Normal Blood Loss Compared to Menorrhagia
Normal Menorrhagia
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Surgical Options
• Hysteroscopy allows a view of the uterine cavity to
possibly remove polyps
• D&C scrapes the lining of the uterus
• Endometrial resection removes the lining of the uterus
• Endometrial ablation destroys the lining of the uterus
• Hysterectomy removes the uterus and cervix
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Case History
• 37 year old woman
• 5’4”, 164 lb.
• No children
• History of severe pain in left hip, headaches and asthma
• Nonstop menstrual bleeding for 2 weeks
• Similar bout of nonstop bleeding the previous spring
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Case History
• Since the age of 16, never had a normal menstrual cycle
• Migraines and significant cramping every month
• Typical cycles were 36-45 days, with bleeding lasting 7 days
• On days 2 and 3, she needs to use a super plus tampon every 1-1½
hours
• This calculated to more than 80 ml of blood on each of these
days, which is the high side of normal for an entire period
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Case History—MRI (3/29/11)
• Moderate postero-central disc protrusion with annular tear
at L4/5, pressing on L5 nerve root bilaterally. Also, mild left
lateral stenosis at L4/5.
• Large central and left posterior herniation at L5/S1 with
posterior displacement contacting S1 nerve root bilaterally.
• Moderate postero-central disc protrusion with annular tear
at L5/S1, pressing on L5 nerve root bilaterally.
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Prior Doctor’s Visits
• Gynecologist suspected fibroids
• No fibroids observed on ultrasound
• Hormone levels were normal
• Gynecologist recommended that the patient “just deal with it”
• Patient said to me, “Because you fixed my back and I
thought...what the hell? I was willing to try. Plus no
cramps, etc. since seeing you.”
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Treatment—Three Sessions Over Ten Days
• Positive Trendelenberg
• Positive sitting SLR
• SOT™ CAT II indicators
Assessment—Limited Examination
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Visit One—11/6/12
• SOT™ CAT II supine block placement
• Standing lumbar adjustment with range of motion
• Adjustment to femoral heads bilaterally
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Spondylotherapy—Visits One and Two
• 200 beats per minute
• C7, 4 minutes
• L3, 2 minutes
• L5, 2 minutes
Plexor
Pleximeter
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Spondylotherapy Applied to C7
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Spondylotherapy Applied to C7
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Spondylotherapy Applied to C7
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Spondylotherapy Applied to C7
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Spondylotherapy Applied to C7
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Spondylotherapy Applied to C7
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Spondylotherapy Applied to C7
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Spondylotherapy Applied to C7
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Spondylotherapy Applied to C7
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Patient reported
bleeding had stopped by
the morning after the
first treatment
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Visit Two—11/13/12 (one week later)
• Adjustment to T3,T5,T7,T9 vertebral levels and discs, using
disc plexor
• Spondylotherapy, 200 beats per minute
• C7, 4 minutes
• L3, 2 minutes
• L5, 2 minutes
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Visit Three—11/16/12 (on the 10th day)
• Adjustment to lumbar spine, discs and associated muscles
• Adjustment to cranium using anterior cranial pattern according to
Van Rumpt protocol
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Anterior Pattern Findings
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Challenging for Pattern Determination
Posterior
sphenoid
Anterior
sphenoid
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Anterior Pattern Correction
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Interview with Patient—3/5/14 (1 ½ years later)
• Patient reports more normal periods
• Mostly every 28 days
• Not very heavy
• Minimal cramping
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Spondylotherapy Explained
• Developed by Albert Abrams around 1903
• He believed that visceral reflexes can be evoked by concussion of the
spinous processes
• In his words:
“The author has thus far examined about fifty patients who suffer from
painful menstruation and has noted points of tenderness located either
to the right or left side or both sides of one or more of the spines of the
first four lumbar vertebrae. Firm pressure with the end of the thumb
over one or more sensitive areas will abolish the pain for several hours
or during the entire period of menstruation.”
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Spondylotherapy Explained
• Alva Gregory, DC stated that “spinal concussion, combined with
adjustment is more effective than either method alone.”
• Spondylotherapy was part of the curriculum at the National College of
Chiropractic in the 1940’s
• Stimulation of C7 induces a very decided and general vaso-constriction
• Stimulation of L1-3 produces the following results:
• Excites uterine contraction, overcomes uterine hemorrhage
• Overcomes atonic constipation
• Excites contraction of liver, spleen, stomach and intestines
• Increases tone of colon and intestines
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
Conclusion
• There is little research correlating the relationship of menorrhagia to low
back pain.
• There is little research discussing the use of spondylotherapy as a
treatment protocol.
• The chronicity of the patient symptoms and the temporal relationship
between treatment and response to care is of interest.
• While there have been few studies reported utilizing conservative
chiropractic methods in the care of menorrhagia, it appears that such
treatment can provide therapeutic benefit to those suffering from this
disorder.
• It is hoped that this study may generate greater interdisciplinary
cooperation so that patients can have an option of therapy that offers a
lower risk than surgery.
Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™
References
Jensen, AM, Bewketu B, Sanford D. Intermittent low back pain referred from a uterine
adenomyosis: a case report. J Chiropr Med.10.1 (2011): 64-69. Print.
Livdans-Forret AB, Harvey PJ, Larkin-Thier SM. Menorrhagia: a synopsis of management
focusing on herbal and nutritional supplements, and chiropractic. J Can Chiropr Assoc.
2007 Dec;51(4):235-46.
Radler M. Dysmenorrhea: chiropractic application. Am Chiropr: Mar/Apr 1984(:) 29, 31-32.
Arnold-Frochot S. Investigation of the effect of chiropractic adjustments on a specific
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Liebl NA, Butler LM. A chiropractic approach to the treatment of dysmenorrhea. J Manipulative
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Dobrik I. Disorders of the iliopsoas muscle and its role in gynaecological diseases. Journal of
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Holtzman DA, Petrocco-Napuli KL, Burke JR. Prospective case series on the effects of
lumbosacral manipulation on dysmenorrhea [case report]. J Manipulative Physiol Ther.
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Kokjohn K, Shmid DM, Triano JJ, Brennan PC. The effect of spinal manipulation on pain and
prostaglandin levels in women with primary dysmenorrhoea. J Manipulative Physiol Ther.
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Liebl NA, Butler LM. Case Report: A Chiropractic Approach to the Treatment of Dysmenorrhea.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1990 Feb;13(2): 101-106. Dupe of #5
Proctor ML, Hing W, Johnson TC, Murphy PA. Spinal manipulation for primary and secondary
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Smith D. Chiropractic care of a patient with low back pain and primary dysmenorrhoea [case
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Wiles M. Gynecology and obstetrics in chiropractic. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 1980 Dec; 24(4): 163–
166. Print.
Spears LG. A narrative review of medical, chiropractic, and alternative health practices in the
treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine. J Chiropr Med: Spr
2005(4:2) 76-88.
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding [Internet] [cited 2014 March 17]. Available from:
http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/blooddisorders/women/menorrhagia.html
What Do Tampon Absorbency Ratings Mean? [Internet] [cited 2014 March 12]. Available from:
http://pms.about.com/od/hygiene/f/tampon_absorben.htm.
DeJarnette MB. Manual More information needed
Abrams, A. Spondylotherapy. San Francisco, CA: Philopolis Press, 1910. Print.
Abrams, A. Spondylotherapy. San Francisco, CA: Philopolis Press, 1914. Print.
Gregory, AE. Spondylotherapy simplified; a compendium of the science of spinal concussion
and sinusoidalization and the technique of their administration; the specific centers of
nerve origin through which we control the function of various viscera; the results of
stimulation of the different spinal centers of nerve origin, what affected and how, and
directions for the correct application of those methods in the treatment of diseases
amenable to them. Oklahoma City, OK: A. E. Gregory, 1922. Print.
VanRumpt R. Personal Correspondence. Should be in text of document only, EX: “According to
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Boro WJ. Treatment of low back pain by cranial adjustment: a case report. 4th Annual Sacro
Occipital Technique Research Conference Proceedings; May 2012; Atlanta, GA. P. 27-33.
Courtis G, Young M. Chiropractic management of idiopathic secondary amenorrhœa: a review
of two cases. Br J Chiropractic. Apr 1998; 2(1):12-4
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report. ACA Journal of Chiropractic. Dec 1992; 29(12): 39-41.
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(oligomenorhea) and low back pain: a case report. World Congress on Low Back & Pelvic
Pain Conference. Dubai, Oct. 2013.
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http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/255540-treatment#a1128

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Intervention in Menorrhagia Through Chiropractic and Spondylotherapy: A Case Report

  • 1. Intervention in Menorrhagia Through Chiropractic and Spondylotherapy: A Case Report William J. Boro, D.C., C.C. | Annapolis, MD | www.nosnappingnocracking.com
  • 2. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Hey Doc, you gotta help me!
  • 3. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ I don’t want surgery!
  • 4. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ “I’ve never had regular periods. I’ve been bleeding heavily for over two weeks. My gynecologist says “deal with it.” Can you help?”
  • 5. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Menorrhagia “Surgical management has been the standard of treatment in menorrhagia due to organic causes (eg, fibroids) or when medical therapy fails to alleviate symptoms. Surgical treatment ranges from a simple D&C to a full hysterectomy.”
  • 6. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Why Chiropractic? • According to the National Board of Chiropractic Examiners job analysis report, ‘menstrual disorder is the only female reproductive condition that chiropractors see more than rarely’ • 72% of patients with dysmenorrhea also have low back pain
  • 7. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Incidence of Common Female Problems Fibroids Benign tumors on the uterus Affects 4-18% of women
  • 8. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Incidence of Common Female Problems Adenomyosis Endometrial tissue grows into wall of uterus Affects 20% of women
  • 9. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Incidence of Common Female Problems Endometriosis Uterine lining becomes implanted outside the uterus Affects about 10% of women, 25-35% of infertile women
  • 10. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Incidence of Common Female Problems • Dysmenorrhea—pain during menstruation that interferes with daily activities (50%) • Menorrhagia—heavy bleeding (20%)
  • 11. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Normal Menstrual Cycles • 21-35 day cycle, with 3-5 days of bleeding • Average blood loss 25-80 ml
  • 12. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Normal Tampon Use in a Whole Menstrual Period In a typical period, a woman will lose 25-80 ml of blood. If regular tampons used, this will soak 9 tampons.
  • 13. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Menorrhagia Tampon Use in 2 Days This patient was going through a super plus tampon every hour and a half for 2 days straight. This amounts to 32 super plus tampons, each holding 12-15 grams.
  • 14. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Menorrhagia Facts • Affects up to 10 million American women in their 40’s and 50’s (that’s 20%) • Only about a third ever discuss it with their doctor • Many doctors prescribe: • NSAIDs help reduce blood loss and relieve cramps • Hormone therapy regulates cycles and reduces episodes of prolonged bleeding • IUD (progestin) makes the uterine lining thin and decreases blood flow and cramping • Tranexamic acid controls heavy bleeding
  • 15. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Menorrhagia Symptoms • Blood loss more than 80 ml • Period lasting more than 7 days • Soaking of one or more sanitary products every hour for several consecutive hours
  • 16. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Normal Blood Loss Compared to Menorrhagia Normal Menorrhagia
  • 17. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Surgical Options • Hysteroscopy allows a view of the uterine cavity to possibly remove polyps • D&C scrapes the lining of the uterus • Endometrial resection removes the lining of the uterus • Endometrial ablation destroys the lining of the uterus • Hysterectomy removes the uterus and cervix
  • 18. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Case History • 37 year old woman • 5’4”, 164 lb. • No children • History of severe pain in left hip, headaches and asthma • Nonstop menstrual bleeding for 2 weeks • Similar bout of nonstop bleeding the previous spring
  • 19. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Case History • Since the age of 16, never had a normal menstrual cycle • Migraines and significant cramping every month • Typical cycles were 36-45 days, with bleeding lasting 7 days • On days 2 and 3, she needs to use a super plus tampon every 1-1½ hours • This calculated to more than 80 ml of blood on each of these days, which is the high side of normal for an entire period
  • 20. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Case History—MRI (3/29/11) • Moderate postero-central disc protrusion with annular tear at L4/5, pressing on L5 nerve root bilaterally. Also, mild left lateral stenosis at L4/5. • Large central and left posterior herniation at L5/S1 with posterior displacement contacting S1 nerve root bilaterally. • Moderate postero-central disc protrusion with annular tear at L5/S1, pressing on L5 nerve root bilaterally.
  • 21. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Prior Doctor’s Visits • Gynecologist suspected fibroids • No fibroids observed on ultrasound • Hormone levels were normal • Gynecologist recommended that the patient “just deal with it” • Patient said to me, “Because you fixed my back and I thought...what the hell? I was willing to try. Plus no cramps, etc. since seeing you.”
  • 22. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Treatment—Three Sessions Over Ten Days • Positive Trendelenberg • Positive sitting SLR • SOT™ CAT II indicators Assessment—Limited Examination
  • 23. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Visit One—11/6/12 • SOT™ CAT II supine block placement • Standing lumbar adjustment with range of motion • Adjustment to femoral heads bilaterally
  • 24. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Spondylotherapy—Visits One and Two • 200 beats per minute • C7, 4 minutes • L3, 2 minutes • L5, 2 minutes Plexor Pleximeter
  • 25. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Spondylotherapy Applied to C7
  • 26. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Spondylotherapy Applied to C7
  • 27. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Spondylotherapy Applied to C7
  • 28. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Spondylotherapy Applied to C7
  • 29. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Spondylotherapy Applied to C7
  • 30. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Spondylotherapy Applied to C7
  • 31. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Spondylotherapy Applied to C7
  • 32. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Spondylotherapy Applied to C7
  • 33. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Spondylotherapy Applied to C7
  • 34. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Patient reported bleeding had stopped by the morning after the first treatment
  • 35. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Visit Two—11/13/12 (one week later) • Adjustment to T3,T5,T7,T9 vertebral levels and discs, using disc plexor • Spondylotherapy, 200 beats per minute • C7, 4 minutes • L3, 2 minutes • L5, 2 minutes
  • 36. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Visit Three—11/16/12 (on the 10th day) • Adjustment to lumbar spine, discs and associated muscles • Adjustment to cranium using anterior cranial pattern according to Van Rumpt protocol
  • 37. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Anterior Pattern Findings
  • 38. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Challenging for Pattern Determination Posterior sphenoid Anterior sphenoid
  • 39. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Anterior Pattern Correction
  • 40. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Interview with Patient—3/5/14 (1 ½ years later) • Patient reports more normal periods • Mostly every 28 days • Not very heavy • Minimal cramping
  • 41. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Spondylotherapy Explained • Developed by Albert Abrams around 1903 • He believed that visceral reflexes can be evoked by concussion of the spinous processes • In his words: “The author has thus far examined about fifty patients who suffer from painful menstruation and has noted points of tenderness located either to the right or left side or both sides of one or more of the spines of the first four lumbar vertebrae. Firm pressure with the end of the thumb over one or more sensitive areas will abolish the pain for several hours or during the entire period of menstruation.”
  • 42. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Spondylotherapy Explained • Alva Gregory, DC stated that “spinal concussion, combined with adjustment is more effective than either method alone.” • Spondylotherapy was part of the curriculum at the National College of Chiropractic in the 1940’s • Stimulation of C7 induces a very decided and general vaso-constriction • Stimulation of L1-3 produces the following results: • Excites uterine contraction, overcomes uterine hemorrhage • Overcomes atonic constipation • Excites contraction of liver, spleen, stomach and intestines • Increases tone of colon and intestines
  • 43. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ Conclusion • There is little research correlating the relationship of menorrhagia to low back pain. • There is little research discussing the use of spondylotherapy as a treatment protocol. • The chronicity of the patient symptoms and the temporal relationship between treatment and response to care is of interest. • While there have been few studies reported utilizing conservative chiropractic methods in the care of menorrhagia, it appears that such treatment can provide therapeutic benefit to those suffering from this disorder. • It is hoped that this study may generate greater interdisciplinary cooperation so that patients can have an option of therapy that offers a lower risk than surgery.
  • 44. Dr. William J. Boro™, Advanced ChiropracticTechniques™ References Jensen, AM, Bewketu B, Sanford D. Intermittent low back pain referred from a uterine adenomyosis: a case report. J Chiropr Med.10.1 (2011): 64-69. Print. Livdans-Forret AB, Harvey PJ, Larkin-Thier SM. Menorrhagia: a synopsis of management focusing on herbal and nutritional supplements, and chiropractic. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2007 Dec;51(4):235-46. Radler M. Dysmenorrhea: chiropractic application. Am Chiropr: Mar/Apr 1984(:) 29, 31-32. Arnold-Frochot S. Investigation of the effect of chiropractic adjustments on a specific gynecological symptom: dysmenorrhea. J Aust Chiro Assoc, 1981; 10:14-16. Liebl NA, Butler LM. A chiropractic approach to the treatment of dysmenorrhea. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1990 Feb;13(2):101-6. Dobrik I. Disorders of the iliopsoas muscle and its role in gynaecological diseases. Journal of Manual Medicine. 1989; 4: 120·2. Bull PW, Genders WG, Hopkins SS, Lean EK. Dysmenorrhea and pelvic dysfunction: a possible clinical relationship. Chiropr J Aust. Mar 2003(33:1) 23-29. Henry SJ, Polus BI, Walsh MJ. Dysmenorrhea: to treat or not to treat? Chiropr J Aust. Mar 1996(26:1) 21-24. Holtzman DA, Petrocco-Napuli KL, Burke JR. Prospective case series on the effects of lumbosacral manipulation on dysmenorrhea [case report]. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. Mar 2008(31:3) 237.-246. Kokjohn K, Shmid DM, Triano JJ, Brennan PC. The effect of spinal manipulation on pain and prostaglandin levels in women with primary dysmenorrhoea. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. Jun 1992(15:5) 279-285. Liebl NA, Butler LM. Case Report: A Chiropractic Approach to the Treatment of Dysmenorrhea. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1990 Feb;13(2): 101-106. Dupe of #5 Proctor ML, Hing W, Johnson TC, Murphy PA. Spinal manipulation for primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2006 Jul 19;(3):CD002119. Smith D. Chiropractic care of a patient with low back pain and primary dysmenorrhoea [case report]. Chiropr J Aust. Dec 2007(37:4) 141-144. Thomason PR, Fisher BL, Carpenter PA, Fike GL. Effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy in treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea: a pilot study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1979: 2: 140-5. Wiles M. Gynecology and obstetrics in chiropractic. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 1980 Dec; 24(4): 163– 166. Print. Spears LG. A narrative review of medical, chiropractic, and alternative health practices in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine. J Chiropr Med: Spr 2005(4:2) 76-88. Heavy Menstrual Bleeding [Internet] [cited 2014 March 17]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/blooddisorders/women/menorrhagia.html What Do Tampon Absorbency Ratings Mean? [Internet] [cited 2014 March 12]. Available from: http://pms.about.com/od/hygiene/f/tampon_absorben.htm. DeJarnette MB. Manual More information needed Abrams, A. Spondylotherapy. San Francisco, CA: Philopolis Press, 1910. Print. Abrams, A. Spondylotherapy. San Francisco, CA: Philopolis Press, 1914. Print. Gregory, AE. Spondylotherapy simplified; a compendium of the science of spinal concussion and sinusoidalization and the technique of their administration; the specific centers of nerve origin through which we control the function of various viscera; the results of stimulation of the different spinal centers of nerve origin, what affected and how, and directions for the correct application of those methods in the treatment of diseases amenable to them. Oklahoma City, OK: A. E. Gregory, 1922. Print. VanRumpt R. Personal Correspondence. Should be in text of document only, EX: “According to R. Van Rumpt, DC (written communication, November 1989),” Boro WJ. Treatment of low back pain by cranial adjustment: a case report. 4th Annual Sacro Occipital Technique Research Conference Proceedings; May 2012; Atlanta, GA. P. 27-33. Courtis G, Young M. Chiropractic management of idiopathic secondary amenorrhœa: a review of two cases. Br J Chiropractic. Apr 1998; 2(1):12-4 Cook K, Rasmussen S. Visceral manipulation and the treatment of uterine fibroids: a case report. ACA Journal of Chiropractic. Dec 1992; 29(12): 39-41. Benner CD, Blum CL. CMRT and acupuncture in the treatment of dysmenorrhea (oligomenorhea) and low back pain: a case report. World Congress on Low Back & Pelvic Pain Conference. Dubai, Oct. 2013. Lin JA, Wong CS, Lee MS, Ko SC, Chan SM, Chen JJ, Chen TL. Successful treatment of primary dysmenorrhea by collateral meridian acupressure therapy [case report]. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2010 Jan;33(1):70-5. Abrams, A. The cardiac reflex of Abrams. Lancet. 10 Oct 1903; 162(4180):1052. Auld, AG. The lung reflex of Abrams. Lancet. 19 Dec 1903; 162(4190):1118. Buck, AH, Stedman, TL. Reference handbook of the medical sciences embracing the entire range of scientific practical medicine and allied science. 3rd ed. New York, NY; W. Wood; 1917. p.910-915. Warren, K, Walton, D. The effects of spondylotherapy on the hypertensive patient. [DC Thesis]. Logan College of Chiropractic, Missouri, 1995. Janse J, Houser RH, Wells BF. Chiropractic Principles and Technic. National College of Chiropractic: Chicago; 1947. Abrams, A. Progressive spondylotherapy. Philopolis Press: San Francisco, CA; 1913. So how much does a hysterectomy cost? [Internet] 2012 Aug 12 [cited 2014 Mar 17]. Available from: http://www.hystersisters.com/vb2/showthread.php?t=490988. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/255540-treatment#a1128

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/255540-treatment#a1128
  2. http://www.endtoendo.com/Endometriosis_Prevalence_End_to_Endometriosis.html
  3. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menorrhagia/basics/treatment/con-20021959
  4. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menorrhagia/basics/treatment/con-20021959
  5. Add xray report information
  6. Add xray report information